家族、移民和革命，是考察中國的僑鄉社會，尤其是民國時期的僑鄉社會所不可或缺的三大元素。傳統的華人華僑研究，多把華僑與國民黨的革命活動聯繫起來，以突出華僑對國民黨革命的重要性。然而，這些研究往往忽略了華僑跟共產黨領導的革命的繫連。在當代的潮汕地區，爲了吸引華僑投資家鄉與促進僑鄉的文化旅遊發展，部分僑鄉重構鄉村參與共產黨革命的歷史，建立起「紅色僑鄉」。 / 「紅色僑鄉」這個文化標籤的建立，成爲僑鄉、僑居地與國家之間的文化、政治關係的象徵符號。本文主要以廣東澄海後溝村為個案研究，由此討論僑鄉社會如何塑造自身的歷史與文化。本文嘗試指出，第一次國共合作破裂之後，共產黨在鄉村中秘密動員、組織農民階級對抗「地主階級」，鄉民參加革命能夠起到協調地域社區權力結構中力量的不平衡的作用。自20年代中后期在僑鄉社會中形成的關係網絡延續至抗日戰爭及解放戰爭，與海外移民網絡共同影響著鄉村的宗族和地域社會。當代僑鄉的紅色革命形象，是國家自上而下的意識形態工程所塑造的，也是地方家族、移民在追尋自身利益與政治認同的結果。 / Lineage, migration and revolution are three major elements to study emigrant communities in China, especially in the Republican period. Traditional studies on overseas Chinese focus on the relationship between overseas Chinese and KuoMinTang’s revolutionary activities and highlight the importance of overseas Chinese to KMT revolution. However, these studies often ignore the relationship between overseas Chinese and revolutionary activities led by Chinese Communist Party. In the Chaoshan region, some of the emigrant communities, in order to attract overseas Chinese investment and develop cultural tourism, attempt to establish a "Red Emigrant Community" status through reconstructing the history of village’s participating in CCP’s revolution. / "Red Emigrant Community", or Hongse qiaoxiang, is a cultural label linking emigrant communities and the State. This thesis, using Hougou village as an example explores how emigrant communities shape their own "red" history and culture. After the first cooperation of KMT and CCP, CCP secretly began to mobilize and organize peasants against landlords in villages. Villager’s participation in revolutionary activities could be seen as a balance of power in the local community. Together with their overseas networks, emigrant communities’ revolutionary networks, which were formed in the 1920s and continued through the WWII and the Liberation, influenced villages’ lineage and regional structures. Red Emigrant Community is not only a top-down National projects. It is a result of pursuing interests and seeking political identity by local lineage and overseas Chinese. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 王惠. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-187). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Wang Hui.

Chan, Wai Kiu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-256). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese.

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references(leaves 314-326). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 一 --- 緒論 / Chapter 二 --- 官辦時期 / Chapter ´¡　 --- 漢陽鐵廠創辦的目的和經過 / Chapter 1 --- 張之洞創辦漢陽鐵廠的目的 / Chapter 2 --- 鐵廠創辦的經過 / Chapter ´Ł　 --- 燃料問題 / Chapter ´Ø　 --- 機器問題 / Chapter ´Ð　 --- 廠址問題 / Chapter 三 --- 官督商辦時期 / Chapter ´¡　 --- 鐵廠改歸官督商辦的經過 / Chapter ´Ł　 --- 燃料問題的解決´Ð萍鄉煤礦的開採 / Chapter ´Ø　 --- 與日本簽訂預借生鐵礦石價值合同的經過和影響 / Chapter ´Ð --- 機器設備的改良和擴充 / Chapter ´Þ --- 新廠址的建議 / Chapter 四 --- 商辦時期 / Chapter ´¡　 --- 清末 / Chapter 1 --- 漢治萍煤鐵廠研的合併 / Chapter 2 --- 股本的籌集 / Chapter 3 --- 經營概況 / Chapter ´Ł　 --- 民初 / Chapter 1 --- 中中合辦的問題 / Chapter 2 --- 省有問題 / Chapter 3 --- 國有問題 / Chapter 4 --- 官商合辦的問題 / Chapter ´Ø　 --- 歐戰時期 / Chapter 1 --- 歐戰對漢治萍公司的影響 / Chapter 2 --- 廿一條與漢治萍公司 / Chapter ´Ð　 --- 歐戰以後 / Chapter 1 --- 漢治萍公司的波落 / Chapter 2 --- 波落後的漢治萍公司 / Chapter 五 --- 漢治萍公司失敗的原因 / Chapter ´¡　 --- 計畫不周 / Chapter ´Ł　 --- 經營不善 / Chapter ´Ø　 --- 用人不當 / Chapter ´Ð --- 環境不良 / Chapter ´Þ --- 成本高昂 / Chapter 六 --- 總結

by Cheung Chui-yung, Susanna. / Bibliography: leaves 125-132 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

A queda em idosos é um problema significativo em saúde pública, já que este tipo de acidente pode resultar em fraturas, diminuição da mobilidade e aumento da mortalidade. Neste contexto, o Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) pode ser visto como uma prática corporal promissora na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Nesta dissertação, foram produzidos dois artigos. No primeiro, avaliamos a relação entre a prática de TCC, como atividade de grupo em uma Unidade de Saúde, no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de idosos. Para isto, 80 idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos) foram convidados a realizar entrevista e avaliação de equilíbrio e a participar de um grupo de TCC (amostra por conveniência). Os participantes foram avaliados antes e seis meses após o treinamento da “Sequência Simplificada de TCC de 24 Movimentos” (baseada no estilo Yang), 1x/semana. As 19 pessoas que frequentaram ≥8 aulas foram consideradas praticantes. Foram realizadas 26 aulas durante o estudo, com uma média de 18 participantes. Ocorreu uma melhora de aproximadamente dois pontos na Escala de Equilíbrio Funcional de Berg (p<0,001) no grupo de praticantes sendo que 100% destes, ou melhoraram ou mantiveram os escores anteriores. Tratase de uma das primeiras avaliações da prática de TCC realizada no âmbito da APS, no Brasil. No segundo artigo, (um relato de experiência) descrevemos as condições necessárias para a prática do TCC e o programa de treinamento de forma detalhada. Concluindo, o TCC é uma prática corporal utilizada para a promoção da saúde. Acreditamos ser possível sua inserção na APS trazendo, desta forma, benefícios na melhora do equilíbrio de idosos da comunidade. / Falls in the elderly is a significant problem in public health, since this type of accident can result in fractures, decreased mobility and increased mortality. In this context, the Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) can be seen as a promising body practice in Primary Health Care (PHC). In this dissertation, two articles have been produced. In the first article, we evaluated the relationship between the practice of TCC, as a group activity in a Health Unit in static and dynamic balance in elderly people. In order for this to happen, 80 community elderly (≥ 60 years) were invited to participate in interviews and evaluations of balance and as well as in a TCC group (convenience sample). Participants were evaluated before and six months after the training of “24 simplified TCC forms” (based on Yang style), 1x/week. The 19 people who attended ≥ 8 classes were considered practitioners. During the study, 26 lessons were conducted, with an average of 18 participants. There was an improvement of approximately two points on the Berg scale of balance performance (p <0.001) in the group of practitioners and 100% of these, either maintained or improved their previous scores. This is one of the first evaluations of the practice of TCC within the PHC, in Brazil. In the second article (an experience report) we described the necessary conditions for the practice of TCC and the training program in detail. In conclusion, TCC is a body practice that is used to promote health. We believe it is possible its insertion into the PHC bringing thus benefits in improving balance of older adults.

動員是否可以作為一種解決公共問題的治理手段？本文基於改變他人行為的三種基本要素：交換、強制、動員，重新界定了中文語境中的動員概念，進而提出了一套新的關於解決公共問題治理風格的分析框架。在不同的條件下，三種基本要素不同程度的混合運用產生了動員式治理、科層制管理、市場化處理三種治國理政風格理想類型，它們在行為動機的理性化程度、組織機構的科層化程度、解決公共問題的分工與專業化程度三個維度上相互區別開來。 / 運用這一理論分析框架，作者比較了中國共產黨在革命、建政、改革三個歷史時期治理風格的變化及其原因。中國共產黨政治地位的轉變改變了其自身組織結構特性，這一核心因素與黨在不同歷史時期中心任務的調整及指導思想的變化，決定了其對動員、強制、交換等不同手段的取捨與搭配。革命年代訓練出來的群眾動員技巧與工作方法在中國共產黨取得執政地位後，仍舊是行之有效的治理手段，並且它與群眾路線構成了中國共產黨執政合法性的重要來源。但是，隨著執政黨所能動用的強制能力與物質資源的增長，以及黨組織自身的日益科層化，在改革開放時期，動員逐漸被有意識的弱化，由此也造成了中國共產黨在日常群眾工作和社會控制方面的衰退。 / Can mobilization be adopted as a means of governing to address the public issues? This thesis reconceptualizes the term ‘mobilization’ in the Chinese context based on three basic factors that alter human behaviors, namely, exchange, coercion, and mobilization. It puts forward a novel analytic framework of governing styles to solve the public issues. Under different circumstances, the configuration of the three basic factors adopted to different degrees will generate three ideal governing styles, that is, mobilized governance, bureaucratic management, and market-based settlement. These three ideal governing styles can be differentiated in three dimensions: the rationality of the behavior’s motives, the hierarchy of the organization, and the specialized division of labor in solving the public issues. / Using this theoretical framework for analysis, the author compared the changes of the governing styles of the Communist Party of China in three historical periods - revolution era, Maoist era, and reform era, and explored the reasons of the changes. The change of the party’s political status altered the characteristics of its organizational structures. This core factor, together with the adjustment of the central tasks and the changes of the guiding thoughts in the party during different historical periods, determined how these means such as mobilization, coercion and exchange were selected and combined. Mass mobilization techniques and working styles obtained in the revolution era remained effective after the party took its ruling position, and it constituted a major legitimate basis of the party’s ruling of the country together with the faithful pursuit of effective ‘mass line’ tactics. However, as the party’s coercion capacity and material resources grew over the years and it was getting more hierarchical, mobilization has been weakened and ignored, which led to the gradual failing of the party’s daily mass work and social control. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 汪衛華. / "2013年7月". / "2013 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-191). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Wang Weihua. / 內容摘要 --- p.i / 绪 言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 本文主题与研究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 城市动迁的悲喜剧 --- p.3 / 《蜗居》：强制拆迁悲剧 --- p.3 / 《乔迁之喜》：动迁本来面目 --- p.6 / Chapter 三、 --- 动迁=“动员搬迁 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一章 --- 作为工作方法的动员：概念与分析框架 --- p.12 / Chapter 一、 --- 动员三义 --- p.12 / Chapter 二、 --- 交换 --- p.17 / Chapter 三、 --- 解决公共问题的三种手段 --- p.19 / Chapter 四、 --- 作为集体行动的社会动员 --- p.25 / Chapter 五、 --- 作为发展手段的社会动员 --- p.28 / Chapter 六、 --- 常规政治与动员政治 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中国共产党的社会动员 --- p.36 / Chapter 一、 --- 群众运动与社会动员 --- p.36 / Chapter 二、 --- 群众路线与社会动员 --- p.39 / 发动者 --- p.40 / 发动者与动员对象的关系 --- p.42 / 动员对象--群众 --- p.43 / Chapter 三、 --- 阶级分析与社会动员 --- p.45 / 阶级情感 --- p.46 / 情感与利益 --- p.47 / Chapter 四、 --- 组织特性与社会动员 --- p.50 / Chapter 五、 --- 客观条件 --- p.53 / Chapter 六、 --- 微观机制与宏观效果：纵向历史比较的价值 --- p.57 / Chapter 第三章 --- 动员之起：从对抗政治到非对抗政治 --- p.61 / Chapter 一、 --- 安源经验：组织核心与动员技巧 --- p.61 / Chapter 二、 --- 农民运动：有组织动员与自发暴力 --- p.69 / Chapter 三、 --- 查田运动：社会动员 --- p.76 / 查田运动 --- p.77 / 群众工作方法 --- p.81 / “左倾偏向 --- p.83 / 基本经验：通过乡村基层政权网络进行社会动员 --- p.85 / Chapter 四、 --- 延安道路：中共群众动员模式的定型 --- p.89 / 延安道路 --- p.89 / 抗战背景下党组织的发展 --- p.91 / 动员式治理的初步实践：大生产与减租减息 --- p.99 / “大胆放手 --- p.103 / Chapter 五、 --- 本章小结 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四章 --- 动员之承：动员式治理与科层化 --- p.112 / Chapter 一、 --- 动员式治理主导地位的确立：客观条件与主动选择 --- p.113 / 以动员式治理为主导的客观条件 --- p.114 / 对动员式治理的主动选择 --- p.117 / Chapter 二、 --- 动员组织与科层化的党和国家：矛盾的结合体 --- p.121 / 三重矛盾 --- p.122 / 两种组合 --- p.127 / Chapter 三、 --- 动员青年建设边疆：动员治理与科层管理结合的经验 --- p.129 / 青年垦荒队的示范意义与实际效果 --- p.129 / 大跃进时期的支边移民 --- p.132 / Chapter 四、 --- 作为参照的水库移民：欠制度化 --- p.137 / 前三十年水库移民概况 --- p.137 / 水库移民返迁问题 --- p.139 / Chapter 五、 --- 动员失灵？案例比较与本章小结 --- p.142 / Chapter 第五章 --- 动员之转：群众路线言与行 --- p.145 / Chapter 一、 --- 不再发动群众的群众路线 --- p.145 / Chapter 二、 --- 《人民日报》中反映出的变化 --- p.147 / Chapter 三、 --- 组织基础的变化 --- p.153 / 党员队伍的过度壮大 --- p.153 / 基层组织的转型 --- p.154 / 向专业化迈进 --- p.157 / Chapter 四、 --- 上海城市居民委员会变迁的实例：再行政化？ --- p.158 / 改革开放前的上海城市居委会 --- p.158 / “两级政、三级管理与“四级网络 --- p.161 / 居民委员会的功能转型 --- p.165 / Chapter 五、 --- 本章小结 --- p.169 / Chapter 第六章 --- 重拾群众动员？结论与展望 --- p.170 / 人民主体地位，人民首创精神：官方话语回归的信号 --- p.171 / 动员何以重要 --- p.172 / 动员传统还可能恢复吗？ --- p.174 / 替代方案？ --- p.177 / 参考文献 --- p.179

No description available.

何偉俊. / "2008年8月". / "2008 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-132). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / He Weijun. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節： --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節： --- 前人硏究回顧 --- p.2 / Chapter 第三節： --- 硏究方法 --- p.16 / Chapter 第二章： --- 戰前的香港聖公會教育 --- p.19 / Chapter 第一節： --- 教會傳教會的成立及到中國傳教的背景 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二節： --- 早期聖公會在香港的辦學情況 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章： --- 何明華時期的聖公會教育 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節： --- 近代宣教思潮的影響 --- p.37 / Chapter 第二節： --- 共產主義的威脅 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三節： --- 戰後難民潮與失學兒童 --- p.46 / Chapter 第四節： --- 辦學與教會財政的關係 --- p.51 / Chapter 第五節： --- 何明華與教會傳道會的分歧 --- p.60 / Chapter 第六節： --- 聖公會與政府的教育爭議 --- p.60 / Chapter 第七節： --- 辦學與傳教 --- p.65 / Chapter 第四章： --- 白約翰時期的聖公會教育 --- p.77 / Chapter 第一節： --- 免費教育 --- p.78 / Chapter 第二節： --- 七十年代的聖公會宗教教育 --- p.97 / Chapter 第五章： --- 總結 --- p.116

本論文研究華人家族企業與華人家族之間的互動關係，並且以南洋兄弟煙草公司和簡氏家族作為本論文的個案研究。在論文中，將討論家族如何與為何影響公司的擁有權、控制權、公司經營和未來發展。同時，也將討論公司如何且為何影響一個家族的成立與擴張，與其他家庭的關係，以及如何從家族變成宗族。 / 在結論中，我將指出簡氏家族是一個成員不多的小家族，因此必須依賴親戚和廣東同鄉來經營。此外，雖然他們可藉著與簡氏家族的關係而進入南洋，但是他們在南洋的升遷與發展，則依賴他們的表現和與簡家的關係變化。因此在華人家族企業中，家族成員、親戚與同鄉可通過他們與家族的關係而進入企業工作，但是他們的未來取決於他們對公司的貢獻與表現，以及他們與家族之間的關係有何變化。 / 大部分的簡家成員是通過他們在海外的工作經驗而接觸並學習現代化技術，而非通過教育。此外，雖然簡氏家族在引入現代化技術以改善南洋的生產和管理，並且看似大膽且現代化，但實際上當他們在公司的權利可能因而受影響時，他們則表現得保守與傳統。因此，華人家族企業的現代化取決與華人家族企業的擁有權和控制權是否遭受威脅。如果擁有權和控制權不受影響，現代化的改革則得以實施，不然將仍然保留傳統的模式。現代化並非單純的零和模式，因此許多華人家族企業是現代與傳統的混合體。 / 由於與政治界缺乏有效的方式與溝通，南洋與簡氏家族都不可避免地受到政府的影響，無力拒絶政府的要求並為他們自己爭取更好的機會。如同民國時期其他商人與企業，當中國出現大一統政府時，他們就無法取得比較好的機會與待遇。 / 本研究也為華人家族企業指出了四個新理論。第一，當華人家族企業為股份公司時，其擁有權將影響其控制權。第二，家族成員、親戚與鄉親可進入公司，但他們的地位取決於其貢獻與表現，以及他們與家族的關係。第三，華人家族企業的現代化，取決於家族是否可保有對公司的擁有權和控制權。第四 ，企業家精神有時對公司不是好處，而是壞處。 / The thesis is a research based on a case study of the inter-relation of a Chinese family firm and a Chinese family: the Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company and the Jian family. The article will be discussing on the rationale and practices that influence a firm on its ownership, authority, operations and developments; In addition, the ground of these influences towards its family growth, expansion, connection with other families, eventually leading to a lineage evolution. / Throughout the study, I have indicated that the Jian family is a small family. Hence, most of its members have to rely on their paternal and maternal relatives, or the Cantonese fellows to operate Nanyang. In the beginning stage, this group of family members could obtain a position in Nanyang through relationship with the Jian family. However, their career paths in Nanyang are subject to their performances and the changes of relationship with the Jian family at some point in the future. / In spite of ample working experience gained in overseas, most members from the Jian family did not learn about modernization through academic choice. Notwithstanding the evidence that the Jian family has introduced the modern skills and technology into the process of Nanyang’s manufacturing and management, it is unlikely that the authority could forgo the conventional methodology in order to adapt to the advanced formulas. Over and above that, this group of family members regards this phenomenon as a disadvantage towards their position in Nanyang. The threat level of present authority and ownership determines the success rate of the evolution within a Chinese family firm. Modernization could be realized if only the present authority were not affected. However, the evolution within a firm is not a zero-sum game. And therefore, many of the Chinese family firms adapt to the integration of modern and conventional management approach. / The lack of communication efficiency between the local government and Jian family, as well as Nanyang is the fundamental of its political position. Due to its political positioning, Nanyang unavoidably faces difficulties in declining requests from the government and to strive for greater opportunities. Like any other merchants during the Republican Era of China, they could not gain a better treatment under these circumstances. / The research indicated four principles for these Chinese family firms. Firstly, when a Chinese family firm is also a stock corporate at the same time, its ownership of the company’s share will directly impact on its individual authority. Secondly, family members, relatives, and fellows could achieve an easy entry into a Chinese family firm based on its relationship. However, the career paths in the firm are subject to their individual performances and the relationship with the family. Thirdly, the threat level of present authority and ownership determines the success rate of the evolution within a Chinese family firm. Modernization could be realized if only the present authority were not affected. Otherwise, modernization will be denied at the initial stage. Lastly, entrepreneurship is a double-edged sword. It allows a firm to unleash its greatness; or, a significant drawback. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chong, Henry Ren Jie. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-292). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

在人們的生活中，宗教不只提供精神上的鼓勵、慰藉，同時亦包含許多物質層面的部分。其中，宗教物質或聖物的交流，更常見於歷史的紀錄之中，而在現代資本主義的脈絡下，則出現了「宗教消費」。本研究以新一代宗教物質—龍宮舍利—為主軸，以台北建國玉市、能量寶石店面為田野地，訪談龍宮舍利的持有者：經銷商、零售商及一般消費者，並搭配問卷調查，以量化研究比較龍宮舍利與舍利兩者差異。本研究首先追尋龍宮舍利的崛起過程，包括佛經中所記載的舍利與龍王、泰國產地相關的二手資料分析，及龍宮舍利跨海來台的故事。重點在於龍宮舍利的命名及傳說由來，是為聖化此物的關鍵第一步。其次，龍宮舍利在臺灣的流通，並非仰賴教團或僧人的推廣，而是由佛教文物銷售者建立其消費市場及機制。同時，透過消費者的回饋，經銷商逐步完整建構龍宮舍利的分類、功能、特性及真偽辨識等，並強化龍宮舍利的衡量判準與應用方式。此外，龍宮舍利的持有者亦自發性成立、加入社群網站，作為經驗與心得的分享交流平台。接續，龍宮舍利帶給持有者的靈驗經歷，使龍宮舍利的功效或是神蹟，並非僅能夠過語言文字來理解與流傳。此種神秘經驗，加強持有者對其的信心及依賴，亦成為現代宗教物質或聖物「顯聖」的一種印證方式。由訪談與問卷量化的結果顯示，在受訪者的概念中，龍宮舍利與舍利僅存在細微的差異。透過這些訪談記錄及統計數據，本研究認為，可進一步定義龍宮舍利確為一現代的新造聖物。 / Religion not only provides spiritual encouragement and consolation, but also brings a number of material aspects to people in their everyday life. Among them, exchanging of religious artifacts and sacred object is often seen in the historic record, while in the context of modern capitalism, Religious consumerism emerged. The current research focuses on a new generation of religious artifact “Long Gong Sarira” (Sarira from the Palace of the Dragon king), taking the Taipei Jianguo Jade Market, energy gem stores as samples for field research, interviewing holders of Long Gong Sarira, which are the distributors, retailers and general consumers, combined with a quantitative research with questionnaires to compare the differences between Sarira and Long Gong Sarira. The first part of this study introduced the origins of Long Gong Sarira, including secondary data analysis of Sarira and the Dragon King recorded in the sutra, information about the place of origin in Thailand, as well as the story of how Long Gong Sarira crossed the sea and entered Taiwan. The naming and the origin of the legend of Long Gong Sarira play a crucial step in sanctifying the artifact. Further, the exchanging of Long Gong Sarira in Taiwan was not promoted by religious groups or monks, but by the retailers who builds its own consumer market and mechanisms.At the same time, through consumer feedback, retailers gradually build a complete classification of Long Gong Sarira, with their functions, characteristics and identifying the authenticity, etc., and to strengthen the criterion measurements and application methods. In addition, the holders of Long Gong Sarira spontaneously form and join social networking sites as a platform to share their experience and knowledge. The mythical experience of Long Gong Sarira’s holders made believe that Long Gong Sarira brings effects and miracles; however, it is beyond the description with words. These experiences enhanced the holder’s confidence and dependency, becoming a proof of ‘hierophany’ in modern religious artifact or sacred objects. Results from qualitative and quantitative data revealed that Long Gong Sarira can be defined as a new sacred object in modern religion.