Preocupações observadas durante mais de 12 anos de vida docente nas disciplinas de Desenho e Projeto Arquitetônico para classes de curso superior de Arquitetura deram início ao presente trabalho de mestrado. Para tanto, primeiramente, se fez necessária uma releitura acerca do papel do desenho na Arquitetura. Diversos autores contribuíram com conceitos e experiências para uma melhor compreensão dos diversos valores atribuídos ao desenho. Uma vez suficientemente caracterizada a importância deste meio de representação gráfica, foi preciso expor o panorama recente do ensino de desenho no país, desde o Ensino Médio, passando pelo Ensino Superior e acompanhando o arquiteto no início do exercício de suas atividades profissionais. Foram aplicados questionários de campo quantitativos e investigativos da real situação do ensino de desenho junto a faculdades de Arquitetura na cidade de São Paulo. Em seguida, o estudo comparativo e qualitativo de uma trajetória acadêmica vivida pelo próprio autor, enquanto aluno de ensino médio técnico profissionalizante e depois como aluno de curso de arquitetura e urbanismo, frente ao material gráfico produzido por seus alunos nos dias de hoje, estudantes de curso de Arquitetura de período noturno. Por fim, uma análise sobre técnicas de representação gráfica utilizadas pelo estudante de Arquitetura recémformado, em especial desenhos à mão livre comparados aos desenhos elaborados por meio de programas de computador, visando identificar a melhor forma de coexistência entre essas diversas formas de expressão do projeto arquitetônico. Momento oportuno que traduz um pouco o constante interesse e necessidade do professor em permanecer sintonizado com as competências dos seus alunos e com as exigências do mercado a que se destinam, além de produzir algumas reflexões em busca da otimização do sistema de ensino-aprendizagem no Ensino Superior, ou seja, esclarecimentos sobre o profissional que estamos formando e sobre os destinos que estão sendo traçados para o futuro da profissão de arquiteto. / Concerns observed during more than 12 years of educational life in the disciplines of Drawing and Architectural Project for classes of Architecture schools gave beginning to the present master\'s degree work. For so much, firstly, it was done necessary a rereading concerning the paper of the drawing in the Architecture. Several authors contributed with concepts and experiences to a better understanding of the several values attributed to the drawing. Once sufficiently characterized the importance of this way of graphic representation, it was necessary to expose the recent panorama of the drawing teaching in the country, from the Secondary Education, going by the Higher Education and accompanying the architect in the beginning of the exercise of their professional activities. They were applied field\'s questionnaires quantitative and investigative of the real situation of the drawing teaching close to universities of Architecture in the city of São Paulo. Soon afterwards, the comparative and qualitative study of an academic path lived by the own author, while student of technical and professional Secondary Education and later as student of an Architecture course, front to the graphic material produced by their students in the days today, students of course of Architecture of night period. Finally, an analysis on techniques of graphic representation used by the student of Architecture recently-formed, especially drawings by hand free compared to the drawings elaborated through computer programs, seeking to identify the best coexistence form among those several forms of expression of the architectural project. Opportune moment that translates a little the constant teacher\'s interests and needs in staying tuned in with their students\' competences and with the demands of the market the one that is destined, besides producing some reflections in search of the optimization of the teaching-learning system in the Superior Education, in other words, explanations on the professional that we are forming and on the destinies that are being drawn for the future of architect\'s profession.

Este trabalho propõe um estudo do planejamento gráfico/editorial no jornalismo impresso moderno. A partir de uma pesquisa comparada, entre comunicação visual e jornalismo, percorre-se os caminhos do desenvolvimento da linguagem jornalística para em seguida analisar a questão dos conteúdos e sua representação/interpretação gráfica. Com base na experiência nacional, observam-se alguns casos de jornais e revistas desde a primeira metade do século XX até hoje, com as recentes reformas dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo. Sugerindo o tema da encomenda gráfica como possível instrumento de pesquisa, analisa-se os termos de atuação dos projetos gráficos à luz, inclusive, das profundas mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas, quando projetos de jornais são encomendados a mega-escritórios especializados em jornalismo gráfico. / Graphic/editorial planning for modern printed journalism is the proposal of this research. Beginning with a comparative study between visual communication and journalism, the development of journalistic language is followed to continue with an analysis of the issue of contents and graphic representation/interpretation. Based upon Brazilian experience some newspapers and magazines from the first half of the 20th Century to date are examined including recent newspaper redesigns of the Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo. Proposing the subject of graphics on order as a possible research approach, development sequences of graphic projects are analyzed. This includes the extensive changes that have taken place over the last few decades when projects for newspapers are been ordered from mega-specialists in graphic journalism.

O manguezal é um sistema muito importante para a manutenção da biodiversidade e produtividade costeira. Ocorrem em ambientes abrigados, onde há interação entre os sistemas atmosférico, terrestre e marinho. A presente pesquisa estudou sistematicamente cada um desses sistemas e elencou os principais elementos, fatores e processos que atuam em cada um dos cinco níveis hierárquicos dos manguezais, de acordo com a classificação proposta por Schaeffer-Novelli et al. (2000; 2005). Esse trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma proposta de representação cartográfica apropriada a cada nível hierárquico dos manguezais. Proposta fundamentada nos pressupostos teóricos e conceituais da Teoria Geral do Sistema, da Teoria da Hierarquia, da Cartografia Ambiental e dos conceitos de representação gráfica e escala. Foram elaborados os seguintes mapeamentos para os níveis hierárquicos do sistema manguezal: Grande Ecossistema Marinho 15, composto pela Plataforma Sul do Brasil na escala de mapeamento 1:5.000.000; Domínio Costeiro VII, abrangendo a costa brasileira entre Cabo Frio RJ e Torres RS na escala de mapeamento 1:3.000.000; Tipologia Costeira III, representada pelo Sistema Costeiro Cananéia-Iguape na escala de mapeamento 1:300.000; Padrão de bosques presentes na Ilha do Cardoso SP na escala de mapeamento 1:5.000; e Parcelas desses bosques de mangue da Ilha do Cardoso SP. Para os primeiros quatro níveis hierárquicos são apresentados mapas e para o nível de maior detalhe (Parcela) são apresentados perfis diagramas e gráficos com a síntese dos dados coletados durante os trabalhos de campo. Assim, seguindo os preceitos sistêmicos, afirma-se nessa pesquisa que existe uma escala de mapeamento adequada para a representação cartográfica de cada um dos níveis hierárquicos dos manguezais, onde cada nível deve ser representado cartograficamente por um conjunto de elementos, fatores e processos específicos. / The mangrove is a very important system for the maintenance of coastal biodiversity and productivity. Occur in sheltered environments, where there is interaction between the atmospheric, terrestrial and marine systems. This research systematically studied each of these systems and listed the main elements, factors and processes that operate in each of the five hierarchical levels of mangroves, according to the classification proposed by Schaeffer-Novelli et al. (2000, 2005). This study had as objective to develop an appropriate proposal for cartographic representation of each hierarchical level of mangrove. This proposal was based on the theoretical and conceptual assumptions of the General System Theory, Theory of Hierarchy of Environmental Cartography and concepts of scale and graphical representation. The following mappings to the hierarchical levels of the mangrove system were elaborated: Large Marine Ecosystem 15, composed of South Brazil Shelf in the mapping scale 1:5.000.000; Coastal Domain VII, covering the Brazilian coast between Cabo Frio - RJ and Torres RS in the mapping scale 1:3.000.000; Setting III, represented by Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System in the mapping scale 1:300.000; Stand present at Ilha do Cardoso SP in the mapping scale 1:5.000; and Sites of these mangroves at Ilha do Cardoso SP. The first four hierarchical levels are presented maps and and the greater level of detail (Site) diagrams and graphs are presented summarizing the data collected during the field work. This way, following the systemic precepts, this research affirms that there is a proper mapping scale for cartographic representation of each of the hierarchical levels of mangroves, where each level must be cartographically represented by a number of elements, factors and specific processes.

Preocupações observadas durante mais de 12 anos de vida docente nas disciplinas de Desenho e Projeto Arquitetônico para classes de curso superior de Arquitetura deram início ao presente trabalho de mestrado. Para tanto, primeiramente, se fez necessária uma releitura acerca do papel do desenho na Arquitetura. Diversos autores contribuíram com conceitos e experiências para uma melhor compreensão dos diversos valores atribuídos ao desenho. Uma vez suficientemente caracterizada a importância deste meio de representação gráfica, foi preciso expor o panorama recente do ensino de desenho no país, desde o Ensino Médio, passando pelo Ensino Superior e acompanhando o arquiteto no início do exercício de suas atividades profissionais. Foram aplicados questionários de campo quantitativos e investigativos da real situação do ensino de desenho junto a faculdades de Arquitetura na cidade de São Paulo. Em seguida, o estudo comparativo e qualitativo de uma trajetória acadêmica vivida pelo próprio autor, enquanto aluno de ensino médio técnico profissionalizante e depois como aluno de curso de arquitetura e urbanismo, frente ao material gráfico produzido por seus alunos nos dias de hoje, estudantes de curso de Arquitetura de período noturno. Por fim, uma análise sobre técnicas de representação gráfica utilizadas pelo estudante de Arquitetura recémformado, em especial desenhos à mão livre comparados aos desenhos elaborados por meio de programas de computador, visando identificar a melhor forma de coexistência entre essas diversas formas de expressão do projeto arquitetônico. Momento oportuno que traduz um pouco o constante interesse e necessidade do professor em permanecer sintonizado com as competências dos seus alunos e com as exigências do mercado a que se destinam, além de produzir algumas reflexões em busca da otimização do sistema de ensino-aprendizagem no Ensino Superior, ou seja, esclarecimentos sobre o profissional que estamos formando e sobre os destinos que estão sendo traçados para o futuro da profissão de arquiteto. / Concerns observed during more than 12 years of educational life in the disciplines of Drawing and Architectural Project for classes of Architecture schools gave beginning to the present master\'s degree work. For so much, firstly, it was done necessary a rereading concerning the paper of the drawing in the Architecture. Several authors contributed with concepts and experiences to a better understanding of the several values attributed to the drawing. Once sufficiently characterized the importance of this way of graphic representation, it was necessary to expose the recent panorama of the drawing teaching in the country, from the Secondary Education, going by the Higher Education and accompanying the architect in the beginning of the exercise of their professional activities. They were applied field\'s questionnaires quantitative and investigative of the real situation of the drawing teaching close to universities of Architecture in the city of São Paulo. Soon afterwards, the comparative and qualitative study of an academic path lived by the own author, while student of technical and professional Secondary Education and later as student of an Architecture course, front to the graphic material produced by their students in the days today, students of course of Architecture of night period. Finally, an analysis on techniques of graphic representation used by the student of Architecture recently-formed, especially drawings by hand free compared to the drawings elaborated through computer programs, seeking to identify the best coexistence form among those several forms of expression of the architectural project. Opportune moment that translates a little the constant teacher\'s interests and needs in staying tuned in with their students\' competences and with the demands of the market the one that is destined, besides producing some reflections in search of the optimization of the teaching-learning system in the Superior Education, in other words, explanations on the professional that we are forming and on the destinies that are being drawn for the future of architect\'s profession.

This project created a first step prototype interface for a document clustering search engine. The goal is to facilitate the needs of people with reading difficulties as well as being a useful tool for general users when trying to find relevant but easy to read documents. The hypothesis is that minimizing the amount of text and focus on graphical representation will make the service easier to use for all users. The interface was developed using previously established persona and evaluated by general users (i.e. not users with reading disabilities) in order to see if the interface was easy to use and to understand without tooltips and tutorials. The results showed that even though the participants understood the interface and found it intuitive, there was still some information they thought were missing, such as an explanation for the reading indexes and how they determined readability.

Depuis Rio 1992, la concertation est devenue une pratique politique et sociale incontournable. Elle répond à une demande des citoyens de participer au débat public, à la prise de décision, à la gestion locale et à la fabrique de la ville. La concertation, devenue réglementaire et réunissant une pluralité d'acteurs, est le lieu et le moment où se posent des enjeux de gouvernance, de gestion territoriale et de durabilité urbaine. La thèse cherche à répondre aux questions suivantes : dans quelles mesures les processus de gouvernance, mis en pratique par la concertation et issus des politiques publiques environnementales, sont-ils efficaces dans les stratégies d'aménagement territorial ? Comment mesurer les effets de ces processus ? Quels rôles ces processus jouent-ils dans l'élaboration des modes d'habiter des territoires? La méthodologie mise en œuvre s'est appuyée l'observation de réunions de concertation. Les enquêtes ont été menées dans des territoires de la Métropole du Grand Paris qui se transforme sous l'effet de la métropolisation du territoire et de l'application des principes de durabilité urbaine. L'enquête a permis de mettre en regard les représentations des habitants et celles des porteurs de projet quant à l'évaluation de la participation, aux objets qui font territoire et aux représentations spatiales. Cette confrontation des représentations souligne les dissonances et les points de rencontre entre ces catégories d'acteurs. Un autre volet de la thèse a tenté d'appréhender la motivation des habitants à la participation, leurs attentes et leurs pratiques spatiales. À l'issue de ces enquêtes, il apparaît que la «fabrique de la ville» ne peut désormais se faire sans les habitants - usagers qui veulent être informés des projets urbains et entendus par les porteurs de projet. Cependant, quand la concertation est prise au sérieux par tous les acteurs, elle tend à répondre au mieux aux principes de la durabilité urbaine. / Since Rio 1992, consultation has become an essential political and social practice. It responds to a request from citizens to participate in public debate, decision-making, local management and the city's factory. Consultation, which has become regulatory and brings together a plurality of actors, is the place and time when issues of governance, territorial management and urban sustainability are at stake. The thesis seeks to answer the following questions: to what extent are governance processes, put into practice through consultation and resulting from environmental public policies, effective in territorial planning strategies ? How to measure the effects of these processes? What roles do these processes play in the development of land-use patterns? The scientific approach used was based on observation of consultation meetings. The surveys were carried out in the territories of the Greater Paris Metropolis, which is changing as a result of the metropolization of the territory and the application of the principles of urban sustainability.The survey made it possible to compare the representations of the in habitants and those of the project leaders with regard to the evaluation of participation, the objects that make up the territory and the spatial representations. This confrontation of representations highlights the dissonances and meeting points between these categories of actors. Another part of the thesis attempted to understand the inhabitants' motivation for participation, their expectations and spatial practices. As a result of these surveys, it appears that the "city factory" can no longer be built without the inhabitants - users who want to be informed about urban projects and heard by project leaders. However, when consultation is taken seriously by all stakeholders, it tends to best meet the principles of urban sustainability.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO DUGAN DELL ORTI.pdf: 4739570 bytes, checksum: 345440ab5f88eb84003b6146db47481c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work is a qualitative research that it has as purpose to investigate the students' of the 2nd year of the Medium Teaching of a state public school of São Paulo acting, on the interpretation and analysis of information contained in graphs. The study was inspired in the recovery Project and students' of the state public net reinforcement, "São Paulo Faz Escola", proposed by the General Office of Education of the State of São Paulo in the year of 2008. Specifically, we stopped in the material addressed to the students of 7th and 8th series, in the form of a newspaper, in which the block of Natural science suggests several activities, involving texts and graphs that treat of the growth certain quatis populations. The starting point of that proposal was discussion of the meaning of the alimentary chain related to the animal life of a certain area, culminating with the calculation of the taxes of rude and relative growth. We noticed that those activities with graphic representations, requested of the students mathematical abilities and reading capacity and interpretation of data contained in graphs, to solve them. We identified a good opportunity there to accomplish our work, seeking to investigate as the students behaves when requested to look for information contained in graphs, for they make comparisons of amounts and they manipulate knowledge mobilized of mathematics, in what it refers to the subtraction operations and division. The instrument for collection of data was constituted by five activities contentment texts and graphic representations, that you/they were orientated by the theory of the Registrations of Representations Semiotics of Duval, and for the levels of understanding of graphic representations, of Curcio. The students accomplished the activities in a climate of enthusiasm and seriousness and the results allow to infer that, with the worked abilities, the students seem to be instrumented to begin the analysis of the behavior of functions starting from it graphic registration. This conjecture can serve as starting point for future researches / Este trabalho é uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como finalidade investigar o desempenho de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual de São Paulo, sobre a interpretação e análise de informações contidas em gráficos. O estudo foi inspirado no projeto de recuperação e reforço de alunos da rede pública estadual, São Paulo Faz Escola , proposto pela Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2008. Especificamente, nos detivemos no material direcionado aos alunos de 7ª e 8ª séries, na forma de um jornal, no qual o bloco de Ciências Naturais sugere diversas atividades, envolvendo textos e gráficos que tratam do crescimento de determinadas populações de quatis. O ponto de partida dessa proposta foi discussão do significado da cadeia alimentar relacionada à vida animal de uma determinada região, culminando com o cálculo das taxas de crescimento bruto e relativo. Percebemos que essas atividades com representações gráficas, solicitavam dos alunos habilidades matemáticas e capacidade de leitura e interpretação de dados contidos em gráficos, para resolvê-las. Identificamos aí uma boa oportunidade para realizar nosso trabalho, visando investigar como os alunos se comportam quando solicitados a buscar informações contidas em gráficos, para fazerem comparações de quantidades e manipularem conhecimentos mobilizáveis de matemática, no que se refere às operações de subtração e divisão. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi constituído por cinco atividades contento textos e representações gráficas, que foram norteadas pela teoria dos Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval, e pelos níveis de compreensão de representações gráficas, de Cúrcio. Os estudantes realizaram as atividades num clima de entusiasmo e seriedade e os resultados permitem inferir que, com as habilidades trabalhadas, os alunos parecem estar instrumentalizados a iniciar a análise do comportamento de funções a partir de seu registro gráfico. Esta conjectura pode servir de ponto de partida para futuras pesquisas

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-04T13:53:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017- Edhana das Gra?as Ferreira.pdf: 3492287 bytes, checksum: 3b6664a9dea3fdcac631cfd8660b38d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T13:53:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017- Edhana das Gra?as Ferreira.pdf: 3492287 bytes, checksum: 3b6664a9dea3fdcac631cfd8660b38d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / This work aims to propose a methodology that helps teachers on the teaching of graphs of trigonometric functions from the development of studies directed with activities involving the use of technology, in this case the software Graphmatica. It is made a bibliographical review on the historical evolution of Trigonometry, the use of technology and the studies directed in education. Then, are analyzed the chapters on trigonometric functions in the textbooks proposed in the most recent guide, the PNLD 2015. The use of technology is proposed as an alternative to the traditional method of teaching and aims to increase the interest of students as it is something very present in their daily life increasingly dominated by computers, tablets and smartphones. From the graphical representations of the basic functions sine, cosine and tangent, seek the analysis of particularities of the families of functions, such as domain, image and period, through directed activities until the generalization of these specificities with the parameters changes, as well as the graphical transformations that occurred. It is held an exposition of the qualitative results of the application of the material in research conducted in a first year class in high school, which in general aspects were considered positive / Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia que auxilie os professores no ensino de gr?ficos de fun??es trigonom?tricas a partir do desenvolvimento de estudos dirigidos com atividades envolvendo o uso de tecnologia, neste caso o software Graphmatica. ? realizada uma revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre a evolu??o hist?rica da Trigonometria, o uso de tecnologia e dos estudos dirigidos na educa??o. Em seguida, s?o analisados os cap?tulos referentes ?s fun??es trigonom?tricas nos livros did?ticos propostos no guia mais recente, o PNLD 2015. A utiliza??o da tecnologia ? proposta como uma alternativa ao m?todo tradicional de ensino e visa aumentar o interesse dos alunos por se tratar de algo muito presente em seu cotidiano cada vez mais dominado por computadores, tablets e smartphones. A partir das representa??es gr?ficas das fun??es b?sicas seno, cosseno e tangente, busca-se a an?lise de particularidades das fam?lias de fun??es, como dom?nio, imagem e per?odo, atrav?s de atividades direcionadas at? a generaliza??o dessas especificidades com as mudan?as de par?metros, bem como das transforma??es gr?ficas ocorridas. ? realizada uma exposi??o dos resultados qualitativos da aplica??o do material em pesquisa realizada em uma turma de primeira s?rie do ensino m?dio, que em aspectos gerais foram considerados positivos.

ABSTRACT Imaginative storytelling offered as an invitation to learning dovetails with the notion of Romance in cyclical, organic learning. It is upon the theme of rhythmic storytelling and its relationship to Alfred North Whitehead’s cycle of Romance/Freedom of “The Wood between the Worlds” that I concentrate in this thesis. The thesis proceeds in four chapters to facilitate such understanding. Chapter One reawakens the childlike wonder of the stories my father related to me when I was young; my personal academic trajectory traces out the Whiteheadian pattern of the overlapping tri-cycle of Romance/Freedom, Precision/Self-Discipline, and Generalization/Freedom. Chapter Two introduces the enchanted Narnian “Wood between the Worlds” envisioned by Clive Staples Lewis with reference to the literary and sensory forests I have known. Chapter Three presents the Voices of the Children from my Grade Two class over a period of one year, based upon my memories and personal anecdotal notes of their stories as well as their creative use of storytelling. I also explore Antonio Machón’s consideration of children’s drawings as storytelling. In conclusion, Chapter Four describes my journeys with First Nations pilot programs Math Warriors (Saskatoon Catholic School Board) and Indigenous Knowledge in Science (Saskatoon Public School Board), leading me to better appreciate Indigenous educational philosophy. In the process I consider insights shared by Verna Kirkness (Cree), Jo-ann Archibald (Stó:lö and Coast Salish), and others. Finally, I interpret “The Wood between the Worlds” from a Whiteheadian perspective, reflecting upon contrasts and commonalities Whitehead may share with Aboriginal thought.

Right now you are reading a sentence. Earlier, you might have been looking at a realistic picture, such as a photograph, or an outline drawing in a set of instructions. If you are a programmer, you work with sentence-like structures, such as code, or a system diagram. These are all graphic representations. To varying degrees, the effectiveness of every graphic representation relies on its ability to convey the designer’s intended meaning and elicit the intended reaction from its audience. However, the design of graphic representations, even in technical domains such as visual programming language design or interactive information visualization, currently relies heavily on general principles based solely on practice, intuition, and informal measures of effectiveness from the applied art and craft of design (as opposed to scientific analysis or theory). There is an increasing demand for a scientific understanding of design and its evaluation from stakeholders (who seek evidence for effectiveness) and designers (who seek to advance their field). Because both the creation of graphic displays and their perception are literally embodied experiences, a model was developed with an embodiment orientation, specifically based on how graphics are perceptually and cognitively processed. In my research, I found that graphic representations are constituted of two properties, pictorial and symbolic information, that emerge through two interrelated aspects of perception. In sighted individuals, for example, every graphic representation makes use of biological capabilities to process visual sensation (i.e., light hitting the retina), which are processed in relation to culturally-learned capabilities (i.e., writing). I observed how graphic representations – such as pictures, diagrams, and sentences – are “naturally selected” (i.e., during different phases of design or problem solving). From these observations, I developed a model that distinguishes and predicts the effectiveness of pictures, diagrams, and sentences, in terms of how object relations and attributes are pictorially or symbolically represented, relative to the functional roles of those representations, contexts, and in some cases, individual perceptual-cognitive differences among perceivers. This model is a step toward a science of graphics that could lead to evaluation techniques for information systems, theories for inclusive design, and ergonomically designed software programming tools.