Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Gross anatomy is a foundational medical school course upon which other courses and patient care is grounded; however, variability in student performance suggests potential in studying underlying non-academic factors to explain some of these inconsistencies. Thus, this study examined medical students’ implicit theories of intelligence (ITI) and grit in order to better understand student learning outcomes in gross anatomy. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year medical students who successfully completed gross anatomy. Students (n=382) completed the ITI Scale and Short Grit Scale in order to identify individual’s ITI and grit scores. Subsequent interviews (n=25) were conducted to explore how medical students set goals, operated while reaching those goals, and monitored their progress in achieving those goals. Results: Entity and incremental theorists with high grit performed significantly better in gross anatomy when compared to those with low grit. Further, highly gritty incremental and entity theorists were hard workers and showed resilience in the face of challenges. Specifically, those with an entity ITI had the central goal of getting an honors grade, while those with an incremental ITI desired to understand and apply their anatomical knowledge. Conversely, low grit individuals became overwhelmed by challenges, were more likely to show an inconsistent work ethic, and questioned their ability to master the material. An individual’s ITI, more so than grit, drove the presence of negative emotions in a medical student, with entity theorists feeling anxious and vulnerable, and incremental theorists feeling fewer negative emotions. Finally, grit level moderated how a medical student would respond to negative emotions, with highly gritty individuals exhibiting more constructive coping mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that medical students who possess high grit and an incremental theory of intelligence have the most effective learning strategies, set achievable goals, and enlist effective coping mechanisms while learning gross anatomy. The findings and tools used in this study could be incorporated into the medical school admissions process. Finally, findings reinforce the value of examining the ITI and grit of medical students, as they can provide educators with insight regarding important non-academic factors driving learning in gross anatomy.

Im April 2006 ist die „Begegnung mit dem Schönen - Die Sammlung Groß“ als Teil der neuen Dauerausstellung auf Burg Gnandstein in Räumen des Südflügels eröffnet worden. Sie zeigt ausgewählte Stücke aus dem Kunstbesitz der Erlanger Familie Groß. Als „Sammlung Groß“ ist dieser 2004 im Rahmen einer Schenkung in die Bestände der Burg Gnandstein übereignet worden.

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В современных рыночных отношениях, при постоянной динамике, завоевания новых рынков сбыта становится приоритетом для многих компаний. В этих условиях грамотно спланированный и организованный процесс диверсификации способствует повышению продуктивности работы компании и каждого его подразделения, таким образом, выбранная тема представляется актуальной. Целью данной работы является разработка методики оценки экономической эффективности диверсификации действующего предприятия. В работе исследованы понятие «диверсификация» её виды и методы. Детально разобран процесс стратегического планирования. Разработан алгоритм планирования при выборе стратегии диверсификации на производственном предприятии, который включает оценку экономической эффективности через интегрированную дисконтированную валовую добавленную стоимость, позволяющий сделать экономически обоснованный выбор стратегии предприятия. В результате апробации предложенной методики в ООО "Экоальянс" был сделан вывод о целесообразности диверсификации производства и эффективности предложенной методики. Таким образом, на ООО "Экоальянс" был проведён анализ выбора экономической стратегии и доказана её экономическая эффективность. / In modern market relations, with constant dynamics, the conquest of new markets becomes a priority for many companies. Under these conditions, a well-planned and organized diversification process helps to increase the productivity of the company and each of its divisions, so the chosen topic is relevant. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of diversification of the existing enterprise. The paper investigates the concept of "diversification" its types and methods. The process of strategic planning is analyzed in detail. The algorithm of planning at the choice of strategy of diversification at the production enterprise which includes an assessment of economic efficiency through the integrated discounted gross value added allowing to make a choice of economic strategy of the enterprise is developed. As a result of approbation of the offered technique in ltd. Ecoalliance the conclusion about expediency of diversification of production and efficiency of the offered technique was drawn. Thus, the analysis of the choice of economic strategy was carried out at ltd Ecoalliance and its economic efficiency was proved.

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This thesis aims to examine the economic effect in terms of real GDP at constant 2017 national prices (in mil. 2017 US$) of being a member in the European Union in the case of Sweden. The method used to answer the research question is mainly by the Synthetic Control Method. Difference-in-difference estimations were also conducted as a complement to compare the results between the two methods. Previous literature in the subject has for the most part received results indicating that a membership in the European Union contributes to an increase in certain economic growth aspects for the member countries. The economic theories about common markets points at that a common market can be both advantageous but also disadvantageous depending on the setting. Theories more closely related to the European Union present rather ambiguous answers to certain economic effects of a membership but in some cases, it seems to be possible to assume some positive economic effect from being a European Union-member. The results in this paper seem to be robust in the way that the effect on the real GDP at constant 2017 national prices (in mil. 2017 US$) in Sweden from its membership in the European Union is negative in all estimations that were made. However, none of the results were statistically significant so there is not enough evidence to say that the Swedish real GDP at constant 2017 national prices (in mil. 2017 US$) would have been different to the factual outcome if Sweden did not join the European Union in 1995.