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Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-27T19:55:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano de Castro Tomazett - 2017.pdf: 5611393 bytes, checksum: a96326891d31223dc0c8b7d6ffadce45 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T12:15:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano de Castro Tomazett - 2017.pdf: 5611393 bytes, checksum: a96326891d31223dc0c8b7d6ffadce45 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T12:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano de Castro Tomazett - 2017.pdf: 5611393 bytes, checksum: a96326891d31223dc0c8b7d6ffadce45 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-10 / The object of this study is the soccer fan tattooed with the imagery theme that represents the team or the fans. A process that brings with it mediations of denial of the subject, constituting it as object, where the creature dominates the creator, in which the individual invests the constitution of his identity in the team and the group of fans. Therefore, we asked: how does group membership mark the body of soccer fans? In this way, our objective is to understand how the body is constituted as the object of the group's membership in the soccer field, identifying the culture and social processes involved and expanding, from a critical analysis, the educational possibilities, mainly emancipatory, contained in the object of this research. We grasp two sets of determinations acting simultaneously and interlaced in this embodiment of the supporter. One with traditional and cultural elements, reaching the deepest emotional dimension of the supporter, and another with elements of modernity, apprehended in the rupture of the man-body unity and in the preponderance of the object over the subject. In addition, we understand that this studied phenomenon is multifaceted, involving political, economic, social, historical, cultural and educational issues, in which modernity presents the most determinant set of determinations. / O objeto deste estudo é o torcedor de futebol tatuado com o tema imagético que representa o time ou a torcida. Um processo que traz consigo mediações de negação do sujeito, constituindo-o como objeto, onde a criatura domina o criador, em que o indivíduo investe a constituição da sua identidade no time e no grupo de torcedores. Portanto, questionamos: como a pertença grupal marca o corpo dos torcedores de futebol? Desta forma, nosso objetivo é compreender como o corpo se constitui em objeto de realização da pertença grupal dos torcedores no âmbito futebolístico, identificando quais são os processos socioculturais envolvidos e ampliando, a partir de uma análise crítica, as possibilidades educacionais formais e informais, sobretudo emancipatórias, contidas no objeto dessa pesquisa. Apreendemos dois conjuntos de determinações atuando de forma simultânea e entrelaçada nesta realização do torcedor. Um com elementos tradicionais e culturais, alcançando a dimensão emocional mais profunda do torcedor, e outra com elementos da modernidade, apreendidos na ruptura da unidade homem-corpo e na preponderância do objeto sobre o sujeito. Ademais, compreendemos que este fenômeno estudado é multifacetado, envolvendo questões políticas e econômicas, sociais e históricas, culturais e educacionais, em que a modernidade apresenta o conjunto de determinações mais determinantes.

A growing body of research points to the value of multiple group memberships for individual well-being. However, much of this work considers group memberships very broadly and in terms of number alone, and in so doing, advances an argument that when it comes to group memberships, more is better. We conducted five studies to delve further into this idea. Specifically, across these studies we considered how different features of groups may impact on how group memberships combine with one another and affect individual well-being. In two correlational studies, we found that multiple group membership indeed contributed to well-being, but also that this effect was moderated by the distinctiveness of those groups within the overall self-concept (Study 1), and by the social value and visibility of individual group memberships (i.e., stigma; Study 2). In both studies, these effects were mediated by perceived access to social support and by the reported ability to engage in identity expression (i.e., to communicate to others who one “really is”). Across another three studies we experimentally demonstrated that multiple group membership increased well-being and resilience to stress (Study 3 and 4), but only when the given groups were perceived as compatible in nature (Study 3 and 5). Together, these studies suggest that the benefits of multiple group membership depend on factors that go beyond their sheer number. Indeed, the content and social meaning of group memberships, individually and in combination, and the way in which these features guide self-expression and social action, determine whether multiple group memberships are a benefit or a burden for individual well-being and resilience.

This dissertation aims to explore the nature of early social preferences by testing attention to a cue that might have evolved as a reliable signal of shared group membership – shared cultural knowledge. Part 1 shows that children attend to this cue when making social choices: Children both prefer others who know songs they themselves know, and avoid others who know songs they do not know, while other cues such as shared preferences for songs are not as powerful drivers of social preferences. Part 2 shows that this cue affects how five-months-old infants allocate attention to human singers. After listening to two individuals singing different songs, infants look longer at singers of familiar songs than at singers of unfamiliar songs. When both songs are unfamiliar, infants do not show preferences for singers of songs that follow or violate Western melodic structure, although they are sensitive to these differences. In focusing on familiar songs but not musical styles, infants may selectively attend to information that might mark group membership later in life, namely shared knowledge of specific songs. Part 3 investigates whether children are selective in the properties they use to infer that two individuals belong to the same group, targeting two potentially important social cues: race and gender. Specifically, Part 3 asks if children attribute shared musical knowledge to individuals of the same race or gender. Four-year-olds attribute shared knowledge to individuals of the same gender, but not of the same race. Five-year-olds attribute shared knowledge to individuals of the same race, but not of the same gender. In contrast, a control unrelated to group-membership – attributions of shared musical preferences – do not yield any dissociation between attributions based on race or gender. Thus, as they gain experience, children seem to adaptively update the social cues they use to infer shared group-membership. Together these results begin to elucidate the mechanisms underlying early social preferences by showing that children might selectively attend to the most reliable cues to shared group-membership, which, in turn, might allow them later in life to participate in the complex social organization that is unique to human societies. / Psychology

Consistency preservation of replicated data is a critical aspect for distributed databaseswhich are strongly consistent. Further, in fail-recovery model each process also needs todeal with the management of stable storage and amnesia [1]. CATS is a key/value datastore which combines the Distributed Hash Table (DHT) like scalability and selforganization and also provides atomic consistency of the replicated items. However beingan in memory data store with consistency and partition tolerance (CP), it suffers frompermanent unavailability in the event of majority failure. The goals of this thesis were twofold (i) to implement disk persistent storage in CATS,which would allow the records and state of the nodes to be persisted on disk and (ii) todesign nodes failure recovery-algorithm for CATS which enable the system to run with theassumption of a Fail Recovery model without violating consistency. For disk persistent storage two existing key/value databases LevelDB [2] and BerkleyDB[3] are used. LevelDB is an implementation of log structured merged trees [4] where asBerkleyDB is an implementation of log structured B+ trees [5]. Both have been used as anunderlying local storage for nodes and throughput and latency of the system with each isdiscussed. A technique to improve the performance by allowing concurrent operations onthe nodes is also discussed. The nodes failure-recovery algorithm is designed with a goalto allow the nodes to crash and then recover without violating consistency and also toreinstate availability once the majority of nodes recover. The recovery algorithm is based onpersisting the state variables of Paxos [6] acceptor and proposer and consistent groupmemberships. For fault-tolerance and recovery, processes also need to copy records from the replicationgroup. This becomes problematic when the number of records and the amount of data ishuge. For this problem a technique for transferring key/value records in bulk is alsodescribed, and its effect on the latency and throughput of the system is discussed.

Comment le manager peut-il construire la confiance de ses collaborateurs ? Pour répondre à cette question de recherche, nous nous intéressons aux pratiques de leadership, identifiées par les spécialistes du domaine comme un déterminant majeur des évaluations de confiance envers le manager. En clarifiant les modes de production de confiance dans la relation managériale, nous proposons de classer les pratiques de leadership en deux catégories, les pratiques d'appartenance d'une part et les pratiques d'échange d'autre part. Pour cela, nous menons une première étude exploratoire qui nous permet de relier les pratiques d'appartenance et d'échange aux deux formes de confiance envers le manager. En outre, le pouvoir de position du manager émerge des analyses comme une variable conditionnant l'efficacité des différentes pratiques à construire la confiance. Dans une visée confirmatoire, nous testons le modèle de recherche ainsi établi sur un échantillon d'anciens diplômés de grandes écoles d'ingénieurs françaises. Nos résultats nous amènent à considérer qu'un manager disposant d'un fort pouvoir sur les intérêts de ses collaborateurs doit privilégier l'échange de ressources comme principale stratégie de construction de la confiance. A l'inverse, un manager disposant d'une faible marge de manoeuvre sur les intérêts de ses collaborateurs doit favoriser l'appartenance au groupe pour construire la confiance de ces derniers. Notre approche contingente de la construction de la confiance envers le manager présente de nombreux apports pour identifier les leviers managériaux de production de confiance en fonction du contexte / How can a manager build trust with his subordinates? To answer this research question, we focus on leadership practices, identified by specialists in the field, as a major determinant of the perceptions of trust towards a manager. By clarifying the ways in which trust is produced in a managerial relationship, we propose classifying leadership practices into two categories: membership practices and exchange practices. To do so, we first conduct an exploratory study that allows us to link membership and exchange practices to two forms of trust in a manager. Furthermore, the manager's positional power emerges as a variable that conditions the effectiveness of the two leadership practices. From a confirmatory view, we test our research model on a sample of alumni from a major French engineering school. Our results suggest that a manager exercising strong positional power over the interests of his subordinates must favor an exchange of resources as a principal strategy in building trust. Conversely, a manager with limited power over the interests of his subordinates will need to promote group membership to build trust with his subordinates. Our contingency approach to trust building has many contributions for identifying the managerial levers of trust creation, depending on the context, and provides recommendations for professionals, particularly within the area of managerial competence development

Desde sua criação, o Linux trouxe muita atenção ao movimento open-source, e à concreta possibilidade de se usar soluções de baixo custo em missões críticas. Nos últimos anos, esta possibilidade tornou-se real com a criação de vários clusters de alta disponibilidade. Atualmente, existem pelo menos 10 soluções de clusters open-source e mais de 25 comerciais. Cada um destes projetos teve uma abordagem diferente para o problema, embora todos tenham enfrentado dificuldades semelhantes. Se houvesse alguma padronização nesta área, esforços poderiam ter sido reaproveitados, e não duplicados. Neste contexto, o Open Clustering Framework (OCF) é um projeto open-source que visa definir um padrão para clusters em Linux. Um dos serviços mais importantes em um cluster é o serviço de pertinência. Ele é responsável por criar e manter o grupo, sendo assim importante para inúmeras aplicações. Sistemas de alta disponibilidade baseiam-se no serviço de pertinência para garantir o funcionamento dos recursos oferecidos por um cluster. Esta dissertação visa apresentar vários conceitos relativos a clusters, alta disponibilidade e serviços de pertinência. Com estes conceitos definidos, iremos implementar um serviço de pertinência, que será baseado no framework proposto pelo OCF, de maneira que esta implementação possa ser posteriormente incorporada a qualquer cluster que siga a especificação OCF. / Since its creation, Linux has brought attention to the open-source movement, and to the concrete possibility of using low cost solutions in critical mission systems. In the last years, this possibility has become real due to the creation of several high availability clusters. Today there are at least 10 open-source solutions and more than 25 commercial ones. Each one of these projects had a different approach to the problem, altought all of them had faced similar difficulties. If there was a standard in this area, efforts could be shared, and not duplicated. In this context, the Open Clustering Framework (OCF) is an open-source project that aims to define a cluster standard for Linux. One of the more important services in a cluster is the membership service. It is responsible for creating and maintaing the group. For this reason, it is important for many applications: high availability systems rely on this service to garantee the execution of the resources provided by a cluster. This thesis aims to present several concepts related to clusters, high availability and membership services. Having the concepts been defined, we will implement a membership service based on the OCF framework, in order to be able to incorporate this implementation in any OCF compliant cluster.

Desde sua criação, o Linux trouxe muita atenção ao movimento open-source, e à concreta possibilidade de se usar soluções de baixo custo em missões críticas. Nos últimos anos, esta possibilidade tornou-se real com a criação de vários clusters de alta disponibilidade. Atualmente, existem pelo menos 10 soluções de clusters open-source e mais de 25 comerciais. Cada um destes projetos teve uma abordagem diferente para o problema, embora todos tenham enfrentado dificuldades semelhantes. Se houvesse alguma padronização nesta área, esforços poderiam ter sido reaproveitados, e não duplicados. Neste contexto, o Open Clustering Framework (OCF) é um projeto open-source que visa definir um padrão para clusters em Linux. Um dos serviços mais importantes em um cluster é o serviço de pertinência. Ele é responsável por criar e manter o grupo, sendo assim importante para inúmeras aplicações. Sistemas de alta disponibilidade baseiam-se no serviço de pertinência para garantir o funcionamento dos recursos oferecidos por um cluster. Esta dissertação visa apresentar vários conceitos relativos a clusters, alta disponibilidade e serviços de pertinência. Com estes conceitos definidos, iremos implementar um serviço de pertinência, que será baseado no framework proposto pelo OCF, de maneira que esta implementação possa ser posteriormente incorporada a qualquer cluster que siga a especificação OCF. / Since its creation, Linux has brought attention to the open-source movement, and to the concrete possibility of using low cost solutions in critical mission systems. In the last years, this possibility has become real due to the creation of several high availability clusters. Today there are at least 10 open-source solutions and more than 25 commercial ones. Each one of these projects had a different approach to the problem, altought all of them had faced similar difficulties. If there was a standard in this area, efforts could be shared, and not duplicated. In this context, the Open Clustering Framework (OCF) is an open-source project that aims to define a cluster standard for Linux. One of the more important services in a cluster is the membership service. It is responsible for creating and maintaing the group. For this reason, it is important for many applications: high availability systems rely on this service to garantee the execution of the resources provided by a cluster. This thesis aims to present several concepts related to clusters, high availability and membership services. Having the concepts been defined, we will implement a membership service based on the OCF framework, in order to be able to incorporate this implementation in any OCF compliant cluster.

Rättsmedicinalverket som sluten institution är en expertmyndighet inom rättsväsendet som finns på sex skilda platser runt hela landet som omfattar cirka 500 medarbetare. Varje år görs det cirka 500 rättspsykiatriska undersökningar i Sverige. Omvårdnadspersonal på Rättsmedicinalverket hanterar dagligen individer som kommer från häktet, som mår psykiskt dåligt och behöver stöttning. Vissa av dessa fall kan vara väldigt tunga och påverkar de anställdas välbefinnande negativt. Personalen i sin arbetsroll måste se människan bakom brottet och därför agera som lojala, tillitsfulla och objektiva, vilket kan vara både krävande och svårt. Med hänsyn till institutionens karaktär har studien använt sig av en socialpsykologisk ansats och ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Med hjälp av teoretiska utgångspunkter i Kazemis modell om socialt välbefinnande och Goffmans teori om totala institutioner har studien sökt förståelse för problemet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka det sociala välbefinnandet hos personal inom den slutna institutionen Rättsmedicinalverket. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med omvårdnadspersonal på Rättsmedicinalverket, varav 8 var män och 2 kvinnor. Resultatet visade bland annat att personalen värderade sina sociala relationer högt, både mellan kollegor och chefer, samt med de intagna. Det framhöll även att personalen använde sig av en rad copingstrategier för att hantera arbetets specifika karaktär. Vidare visade resultatet den slutna institutionens beroende av säkerhet-/infrastruktur för hanteringen av det dagliga arbetet. / The National Board of Forensic Medicine is a closed institution and an expert authority within the legal system, that includes around 500 employees located in six different locations throughout the country. Every year, about 500 forensic psychiatric examinations are conducted in Sweden. Nursing staff at the National Board of Forensic Medicine deal with individuals daily who come from custody, are mentally unwell and require support. Some of these cases can be very heavy and negative for the well-being of the employees. In their role, the staff must see the person behind the crime and therefore act with loyalty, being trustworthy, and objective, which can be both demanding and difficult. The purpose of the study was to investigate the social well-being of staff at the closed institution National Board of Forensic Medicine. Considering the nature of the institution, the study used a social-psychological approach. Using theoretical frameworks such as Kazemi´s model of social well-being and Goffman's theory of total institutions, the study sought understanding of the problem. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing staff at National Board of Forensic Medicine, of which 8 were men and 2 were women. The result showed, among other things, that the staff valued their social relationships highly, both among colleagues and with the inmates. The result also showed that the staff used a range of coping strategies to deal with the specific nature of their work. Furthermore, the result showed that the functioning of the closed institution depended on its security and infrastructure.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les concepts « Image de soi » et « satisfaction professionnelle » dans les groupes d’appartenance du travail, dans une approche cognitive et conative (affect et ses effets). Il s’agit de montrer que l’Image de soi au travail est liée aux différents niveaux de satisfaction des sujets face à leur emploi. Ces niveaux de satisfaction dépendent de leur niveau d’attentes. La satisfaction professionnelle repose donc sur le sujet et non sur l’emploi lui-même. C’est pourquoi, cette notion s’insère dans un système comprenant, d’une part, les aspects de l’emploi et ses avantages et, d’autre part, l’individu et ses attentes. L’étude porte sur 63 sujets, une population relativement réduite d’un point de vue statistique mais avec laquelle nous avons pu mettre en lumière des résultats intéressants que, par prudence, nous considérerons comme valables pour ladite population seulement.À la lumière de l’analyse corrélée des divers paramètres explorés, l’étude révèle qu’il existe réellement un système d’attentes « théoriques », strictement inhérentes au sujet, et un système d’attentes diversifiées issu des différences individuelles et culturelles. La satisfaction des fonctionnaires du Ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Prévoyance Sociale du GABON est tributaire des avantages matériels que leur emploi leur procure (bureau climatisé et équipé, voiture de service, salaires et primes…), associés à des aspects extérieurs au travail (logement de standing, revenus complémentaires, reconnaissance sociale…). Tous ces éléments participent à la construction de l’image de réussite qu’ils renvoient aux autres. Et cette image est fortement tributaire de l’image que ces fonctionnaires se font d’eux-mêmes, associée à leurs attentes. À la lumière de cette étude expérimentale qui repose aussi sur une étude théorique consacrée à la psychologie du travail dans le contexte de la fonction publique et, plus spécifiquement au vécu des fonctionnaires au travail (leur représentation de leur position, directement dans la structure, mais aussi à l’extérieur, dans la société qu’ils côtoient), il apparaît que l’image de réussite requiert une image positive de soi, révélatrice d’un sentiment de satisfaction professionnelle et personnelle. Les résultats de notre expérimentation tendent à vérifier, cette dernière affirmation, étude qui appelle des recherches plus approfondies. / The objective of this research is to study the concepts of “self-Image” and “Satisfaction” in the membership of groups working in a cognitive and conative (affects and effect). It is shown that self-image at work is linked to different levels of satisfaction issues facing their jobs. These levels of satisfaction depend on their level of expectations. Job satisfaction is thus based on the subject and not on the job itself. Therefore, this concept fits into a system comprising, first, aspects of employment and benefits and, secondly, the individual and his expectations.The study covers 63 subjects, a relatively small population of a statistical point of view but with which we could highlight some interesting results that, by caution, we consider as valid only for that population.In light of the analysis correlated the different parameters explored, the study reveals that there is actually a system of expectations “theoretical” strictly inherent to the subject, and a variety of expectations from the individual and cultural differences. The satisfaction of officials of the Ministry of Labour, Employment, and Social Welfare of Gabon depends on the material benefits that their jobs provide them (room air-conditioned and equipped, car service, salaries and bonuses…), related to aspects outside the work place (luxury housing, additional income, social recognition…).All these elements contribute to building the image of success they relate to others. And this image is strongly dependent on the image that these officials are themselves associated with their expectations. In light of this experimental study is also based on a theoretical study devoted to the psychology of work in the context of public service and, more specifically to the experiences of staff at work (their representation of their position, directly in the structure, but also outside in the society around them), it appears that the image of success requires a positive self-image, revealing a sense of professional and personal satisfaction. The results of our experiments tend to verify this last statement, which calls for study of further research.