<p>Different Perspectives is a study of detainees' and guards' experiences of the remand prison. The result of the study shows that the remand prison brings forth the individuals anxiety, stress and fear. The individual detained in remand prison have a great need for contact with their families, but also with the guards. In the remand prison there is always a great level of control and always some kind of power practised. It is the guards who have the power and the competences to make the individuals detained in remand prison follow the rules and do what they have been told. The society possesses biases and a great curiosity about remand prisons and the people being there. This can lead to stigmatization among both the detained individuals as well as the guards.</p>

Different Perspectives is a study of detainees' and guards' experiences of the remand prison. The result of the study shows that the remand prison brings forth the individuals anxiety, stress and fear. The individual detained in remand prison have a great need for contact with their families, but also with the guards. In the remand prison there is always a great level of control and always some kind of power practised. It is the guards who have the power and the competences to make the individuals detained in remand prison follow the rules and do what they have been told. The society possesses biases and a great curiosity about remand prisons and the people being there. This can lead to stigmatization among both the detained individuals as well as the guards.

This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps&rsquo / (IRGC) relationship to politics, which evolved into different forms through the three decades of the revolution. Eventually the IRGC has become one of the most influential organizations with respect to Iranian politics. This situation has raised the following question / why and how has the IRGC become such an influential political actor in post-revolutionary Iranian politics? Considering different forms of the IRGC-politics relationship, this study also questioned the reasons that lay behind the shifts in that relationship. In order to answer these questions, this dissertation examined the relationship between the Revolutionary Guards and the political leadership in post-revolutionary Iran. It maintained that there are four variables that determined the IRGC-politics relationship, which are ideological position of the political leadership, power of the political leadership, ideological outlook of the Revolutionary Guards and corporateness of the Revolutionary Guards. In order to analyze forms of the IRGC-politics relationship and to explain shifts between these forms, it traced these variables through the post-revolutionary history of Iran, which was divided into four periods (i.e. transition, radical, thermidorian, and neo-radical periods) because of the changing political and revolutionary dynamics. It concluded that because corporateness of the IRGC reached into a high level whereas power of the political leadership was seriously weakened in the last two periods, the IRGC&rsquo / s clout significantly increased in Iranian politics. Congruence or incongruence between ideological values of the political leadership and of the IRGC, and their commitment to pursue those values determined the confrontationist or cooperative nature of the IRGC&rsquo / s relations with the political leadership.

[Truncated abstract] The aim of the research was to explore the association between wrist guard use and wrist fracture risk in snowboarders in Australia. During the study, the opportunity was also taken to examine the relationship between wearing wrist guards and the severity of wrist and elbow injury. A case-control study was conducted at the Mount Buller Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia. A total of 494 participants was recruited during the 2004 and 2005 ski seasons. Cases were defined as any snowboarder seen at the Clinic with a fractured wrist (N = 119), and controls as any snowboarder seen at the clinic for any reasons other than a fractured wrist (N = 375). Severity of forearm injuries were defined and analysed separately. Study participants completed a questionnaire consisting of: basic demographics (age and sex only); wrist guard use on the day of presentation; normal use of protective equipment; the number of days spent snowboarding that season; the ability of the snowboarder; and ski run difficulty. Risk taking behaviour was assessed by a history of any previous fracture or joint injury and psychometric questions. Clinic medical staff recorded site and severity of fractures and soft tissue injuries. Logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios for these risk factors against the main outcome measure. Presence of wrist fracture and injury in snowboarders with and without wrist guards. ... There was a significant association between wrist guard use and soft tissue elbow injuries (adjusted odds ratio = 17.6, p = 0.011, 95% CI: 1.93 – 160.2), but no significant association with elbow fractures (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, p = 0.385, 95% CI: 0.46 – 7.30). There was thus no evidence in this study that wrist guards increase the occurrence of other severe injuries in the forearm by transferring the impact force away from the protected wrist up the arm. No evidence was found for compensatory risk taking behaviour in participants wearing protective equipment. A local injury prevention strategy was implemented in schools in the Mt Buller district during the course of this study. Education about the protective effects of wrist guards enabled a policy change in the local secondary college so that wrist guard use is now mandatory for all snowboarders in the school ski programme: That policy states:

Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma solução de engenharia para o mapeamento e caracterização da oclusão dentária, não somente no âmbito de sua distribuição ao longo da arcada, mas também através da mensuração da intensidade de pressão nos pontos de contato oclusal interarco. Neste sentido, empregaram-se esforços no aprofundamento do conhecimento neste campo da Odontologia, assim como, na elaboração de um sistema experimental que, utilizando sensores de pressão/força resistivos (FSR) específicos para uso odontológico, viabilizou a análise do estado da oclusão, atuando como agente facilitador no diagnóstico de desequilíbrios oclusais. Inicialmente, são apresentados e esclarecidos os principais conceitos da esfera odontológica, os quais são tomados como base para todos os projetos deste trabalho, além da abordagem referente às formas de contato entre os dentes, aos diferentes tipos de oclusão e seus problemas. Em relação ao desenvolvimento do sistema, foram projetadas duas placas de circuito impresso para interface com os sensores e elaborados o firmware de acesso ao hardware, assim como o software de gerenciamento global do sistema. Todos os blocos do circuito de condicionamento foram avaliados e as suas funcionalidades validadas. Do mesmo modo, a caracterização da resposta dos sensores e a sua homogeneidade ao longo da extensão sensível foram analisadas, demonstrando que a resistência elétrica varia de forma análoga em todas as áreas do sensor. Através de ensaios realizados com sujeito envolvido no projeto, estabeleceu-se um comparativo entre a utilização do papel carbono e o sistema desenvolvido, mostrando as vantagens na utilização do segundo, principalmente atreladas à capacidade de avaliação da intensidade dos contatos oclusais. Por fim, ainda se valendo do uso paralelo do papel carbono, foram efetuados ensaios de análise da oclusão em sujeito envolvido no projeto utilizando placa miorrelaxante, possibilitando a utilização da capacidade do sistema desenvolvido para executar ajustes precisos na placa, com a finalidade de manter o balanço de pressões oclusais entre ambos os lados da arcada. / This essay has as objective the study and development of an engineer solution for the dental occlusion mapping and characterization, not only related to the interarch occlusal contact distribution, but also through the pressure magnitude measuring in each. In this sense, was employed effort in the Odontological knowledge increasing and also in the system elaboration allowing the occlusion state evaluation and acting as an easier agent in the occlusion disturbs diagnosing using a specific pressure/force sensing resistor (FSR) for dental use. Initially the main concepts of the Odontological sphere are presented, clarified and took as a base for all the projects in this essay. Besides this, different teeth contacts shapes are shown, as well as the occlusion’s types and its problems. In the system development, two printed circuit boards were designed for sensor interfacing. The hardware access through the firmware was elaborated, even as the global system managing software. All the conditioning circuit blocks and functionalities were evaluated and validated. In the same way, the sensor’s output and its homogeneity through all the sensible extension were evaluated, showing that the sensor’s electric resistance changes in the same form in all the sensor’s areas. In addition, it was showed the advantages of the developed system over the articulation paper through trials with a subject that is part of the project, showing the capacity of the system in the occlusion contacts magnitude evaluation. Ultimately, also in an articulation paper versus the developed system comparison, it was made occlusion analysis trials with subject using a night guard for teeth grinding (bruxism), showing the system capacity of precisely adjust the night guards for pressure balance between the both arch sides.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma solução de engenharia para o mapeamento e caracterização da oclusão dentária, não somente no âmbito de sua distribuição ao longo da arcada, mas também através da mensuração da intensidade de pressão nos pontos de contato oclusal interarco. Neste sentido, empregaram-se esforços no aprofundamento do conhecimento neste campo da Odontologia, assim como, na elaboração de um sistema experimental que, utilizando sensores de pressão/força resistivos (FSR) específicos para uso odontológico, viabilizou a análise do estado da oclusão, atuando como agente facilitador no diagnóstico de desequilíbrios oclusais. Inicialmente, são apresentados e esclarecidos os principais conceitos da esfera odontológica, os quais são tomados como base para todos os projetos deste trabalho, além da abordagem referente às formas de contato entre os dentes, aos diferentes tipos de oclusão e seus problemas. Em relação ao desenvolvimento do sistema, foram projetadas duas placas de circuito impresso para interface com os sensores e elaborados o firmware de acesso ao hardware, assim como o software de gerenciamento global do sistema. Todos os blocos do circuito de condicionamento foram avaliados e as suas funcionalidades validadas. Do mesmo modo, a caracterização da resposta dos sensores e a sua homogeneidade ao longo da extensão sensível foram analisadas, demonstrando que a resistência elétrica varia de forma análoga em todas as áreas do sensor. Através de ensaios realizados com sujeito envolvido no projeto, estabeleceu-se um comparativo entre a utilização do papel carbono e o sistema desenvolvido, mostrando as vantagens na utilização do segundo, principalmente atreladas à capacidade de avaliação da intensidade dos contatos oclusais. Por fim, ainda se valendo do uso paralelo do papel carbono, foram efetuados ensaios de análise da oclusão em sujeito envolvido no projeto utilizando placa miorrelaxante, possibilitando a utilização da capacidade do sistema desenvolvido para executar ajustes precisos na placa, com a finalidade de manter o balanço de pressões oclusais entre ambos os lados da arcada. / This essay has as objective the study and development of an engineer solution for the dental occlusion mapping and characterization, not only related to the interarch occlusal contact distribution, but also through the pressure magnitude measuring in each. In this sense, was employed effort in the Odontological knowledge increasing and also in the system elaboration allowing the occlusion state evaluation and acting as an easier agent in the occlusion disturbs diagnosing using a specific pressure/force sensing resistor (FSR) for dental use. Initially the main concepts of the Odontological sphere are presented, clarified and took as a base for all the projects in this essay. Besides this, different teeth contacts shapes are shown, as well as the occlusion’s types and its problems. In the system development, two printed circuit boards were designed for sensor interfacing. The hardware access through the firmware was elaborated, even as the global system managing software. All the conditioning circuit blocks and functionalities were evaluated and validated. In the same way, the sensor’s output and its homogeneity through all the sensible extension were evaluated, showing that the sensor’s electric resistance changes in the same form in all the sensor’s areas. In addition, it was showed the advantages of the developed system over the articulation paper through trials with a subject that is part of the project, showing the capacity of the system in the occlusion contacts magnitude evaluation. Ultimately, also in an articulation paper versus the developed system comparison, it was made occlusion analysis trials with subject using a night guard for teeth grinding (bruxism), showing the system capacity of precisely adjust the night guards for pressure balance between the both arch sides.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Alessandra Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018. / A presente dissertação analisa o processo de formação da agenda governamental e as mudanças ocorridas do período da Ditadura Militar à promulgação do Estatuto das Guardas Municipais, em 2014, com foco na segurança pública, especialmente na área de policiamento repressivo, militarizado e extensivo. O surgimento das secretarias de segurança urbana nos municípios do Brasil e o crescente empoderamento das guardas municipais, tanto em quantidade quanto na vertiginosa amplitude de atribuições frente às competências originalmente instituídas na Constituição Federal de 1988. As mudanças são irreversíveis e tendem a aumentar a conflituosidade de poder e espaço entre os componentes das guardas municipais e as polícias estaduais, principalmente a militar. / This dissertation analyzes the process of formation of the governmental agenda and the changes that occurred from the period of the Military Dictatorship to the promulgation of the Municipal Guard Statute in 2014, focusing on public security, especially in the area of repressive, militarized and extensive policing. The emergence of urban security secretariats in Brazilian municipalities and the increasing empowerment of municipal guards, both in quantity and in the vertiginous range of attributions vis-à-vis the competences originally established in the 1988 Federal Constitution. The changes are irreversible and tend to increase the conflict of power and space between the components of the municipal guards and the state police, especially the military police.

A pesquisa em apreço tem por finalidade verificar os aspectos jurídicos e sociais que desvelam o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado no âmbito das cidades. Sua relevância e pertinência temática se desnuda a partir da explosão demográfica no meio urbano promovendo a ocupação territorial desordenada à revelia do ordenamento jurídico que ampara a questão. Nesse sentido, formula-se hipoteticamente a indagação acerca da possibilidade de utilização das guardas municipais para fiscalizar e proteger o ambiente urbano, bem como, prevenir a degradação ambiental ampla a partir do regular poder de polícia dos entes municipais, fiscalizando a implementação e o regular cumprimento das políticas setoriais urbanas conforme as diretrizes do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, procura-se responder à questão nuclear por meio do método analítico-dedutivo enfrentando os argumentos a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Ante o exposto, apresenta-se no desenvolvimento dos blocos da estrutura capitular, informações relevantes para compreensão acerca da constituição e surgimento das cidades a partir das afirmações de Fustel de Coulanges, Lewis Munford e Henri Lefebvre, apreciando os conceitos, princípios e diretrizes da política nacional do meio ambiente com lastro na Constituição Federal de 1988 e analisando com relevância o Estatuto das Cidades e as dimensões da sustentabilidade a partir do pensamento de Ignacy Sachs. Ao fim e ao cabo a pesquisa se debruça sobre as principais políticas setoriais no âmbito das cidades, especialmente, as ligadas a mobilidade urbana, a função socioambiental da propriedade, saúde e saneamento básico e zoneamento ambiental, verificando as ações estatais de implementação e fiscalização da executoriedade dessas políticas por parte dos municípios e o manejo das guardas municipais como instrumento de fiscalização do cumprimento das regras estabelecidas nessas políticas setoriais, justificando assim, a preservação do meio ambiente urbano por meio das guardas municipais a partir das disposições da Lei n. 13.022/2014 (Estatuto Geral das Guardas Municipais). / The purpose of this research is to verify the legal and social aspects that reveal the right to the environment balanced in the cities. Its relevance and thematic relevance is stripped of the demographic explosion in the urban environment promoting the disordered territorial occupation in the absence of the legal system that supports the issue. In this sense, the hypothesis is made about the possibility of using municipal guards to monitor and protect the urban environment, as well as prevent widespread environmental degradation from the regular police power of municipal entities, supervising the implementation and the regular compliance with urban sectorial policies in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian legal system. In order to do so, we try to answer the nuclear question by means of the analytic-deductive method facing the arguments from the bibliographical and documentary research. In the development of the blocks of the structure of the Chapter, information relevant to understanding the constitution and emergence of cities is presented, based on the statements of Fustel de Coulanges and Lewis Munford, appreciating the concepts, principles and guidelines of the national environment policy environment with ballast in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and analyzing with relevance the Statute of the Cities and the dimensions of the sustainability from the thought of Ignacy Sachs. After all, the research focuses on the main sectorial policies in the cities, especially those related to urban mobility, the socio-environmental function of property, health and basic sanitation and environmental zoning, verifying the state actions of implementation and inspection of the city. the enforcement of these policies by the municipalities and the management of municipal guards as an instrument for monitoring compliance with the rules established in these sectoral policies, thus justifying the preservation of the urban environment through municipal guards, based on the provisions of Law no. 13.022 / 2014 (General Statute of Municipal Guards).

The subject of the diploma thesis is to study architectural security prison in Brno. Prisons are devices filling the disqualification of persons who have committed anti-social acts of a society that considers freedom and freedom of movement for one of the highest social values. The site is located in the outskirts of Brno, Brno-Slatina. The main idea is the use of the buildings that already by the expression appropriate for the application. There are prison blocks that are strictly brutalism and on the other hand, there are buildings that its minimalist ventilated façade suggests a more liberal regime. The whole composition is supported park with a chapel, in which each view change regularity rigorous imprisonment.

The subject of the diploma thesis is to architectural study of new security prison in Brno. Prisons are devices filling the disqualification of persons who have committed anti-social acts of a society that considers freedom and freedom of movement for one of the highest social values. The site is located in Propojený obrázek nelze zo brazit. Příslušný soub or byl pravděpodobně přesunut, přejmenován nebo odstraněn . Ověřte, zda propojení odkazuje na sp ráv ný so ubor a umístění. the outskirts of Brno, Brno-Slatina. The main idea is to use clear communication connections between the buildings, which are structured according to the appropriate method of use; its structurally functional organization and clearly indicate its operating mode. Harmony of the whole is then expressed by a suitable composition of objects and surfaces areal vegetation, where the area according to the scheme uniformly distributed and completed at the close of the outdoor sports area.