Deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) along a 5.6-km segment of United States Highway 1 (US 1) on Big Pine Key (BPK), Florida responsible for approximately 26% of endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) annual mortalities. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) constructed a 2.6-km long system of fencing, 2 underpasses, and 4 experimental deer guards to address DVCs along a portion of the US 1 roadway in 2001–2002. I evaluated the effectiveness of the project in reducing Key deer mortality by comparing (1) survival of radio-collared deer, (2) deer-vehicle collisions on US 1, and (3) determining the ability of deer to access the fenced segment. I found no significant difference in male or female survival. Key deer-vehicle collisions were reduced by 83–92% inside the fenced segment. However, overall US 1 Key deer-vehicle collisions did not change. Key deer entry into the fenced segment was minimized to 8 deer during the first-year resulting in 2 deer mortalities. I also assessed the potential impacts of the US 1 corridor project to Key deer movements by comparing (1) radio-collared Key deer annual ranges (2) radio-collared deer corridor movements, and (3) assessing Key deer underpass and corridor use. Female and male ranges and core areas did not change (P > 0.05). Deer movements within the US 1 corridor were comparable pre- (6 of 23 radio-collared deer crossed the corridor) and post-project (4 of 16). Infrared-triggered camera data indicate underpass movements increased over time. Collectively, post-project telemetry and camera data indicates US 1 highway improvements have not restricted Key deer movements. Hourly Key deer movement and US 1 traffic patterns were compared to annual US 1 DVCs. Hourly deer movements showed a positive correlation (P = 0.012, r = 0.505) to hourly DVCs for the full circadian period. Hourly US 1 traffic showed a significant positive relationship (P = 0.012, r = 0.787) with DVCs only during the night period. Evaluation of hourly deer movements and hourly traffic volume on US 1 found hourly DVCs to be the result of a combination between both variables.

Uniformed presences are thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do different uniformed people contribute to the same amount of safety and are there differences dependent on the situation? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18-86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of relatively safe and unsafe situations with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with and without two police officers, six police officers, a police car, two security guards, or two police volunteers. The results showed that uniformed presence does not increase feelings of safety in an already relatively safe situation, making patrol unnecessary. In relatively unsafe situations however, all types of uniformed presence increase feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police increased feelings of safety the most. Security guards and police volunteers created approximately the same amount of safety; making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative, although some situation, gender and age differences were found. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol (with some gender differences), making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol.

Este trabalho investigou a relação entre construção da subjetividade e condições de trabalho, realizando um estudo junto aos agentes de segurança penitenciária do estado de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida junto a agentes de segurança penitenciária do estado que trabalham ou trabalharam em algumas das unidades mineiras, através de conversas sobre o trabalho e também acompanhando as atividades destes profissionais em uma das unidades do estado. O trabalho traz uma melhor compreensão do papel das prisões na manutenção da desigualdade social e qual o impacto disto para os agentes de segurança penitenciária que passam a se aperceber como parte desta engrenagem. E ainda se apercebem diante das mesmas condições que os presos, tanto socialmente, fora das unidades, como dentro das unidades em seu momento de trabalho. Todas as contradições encontradas ao longo de trabalho trazem desdobramento para a vida dos agentes de segurança penitenciária e estão analisadas no texto. A pesquisa apontou que não só os detentos sofrem com as condições precárias de aprisionamento no Brasil, mas também os agentes que ali trabalham e que não há pequenas alterações possíveis no cotidiano que sejam capazes de transformar esta realidade a fim de minimizar seu impacto subjetivo. O único horizonte vislumbrado para a transformação deste ambiente insalubre de sofrimento é a sua extinção e este trabalho pretendeu contribuir para a construção de argumentos a este favor / This study investigated the relationship between construction of subjectivity and working conditions, conducting a study with the prison guards in the state of Minas Gerais. The research was conducted with the prison guards of the state who work or have worked in some of the local units, through conversations about work and following the activities of these professionals in one of the penitentiaries. The work brings a better understanding of the role of prisons in maintaining social inequality and what the impact of this for prison guards who come realize themselves as part of this gear. They realize that they are on the same conditions as the prisoners, both socially, outside the units, as within the units at the time of work. All the contradictions found at this workplace have a subjective impact in those workers and them are analyzed in the text. The survey showed that not only the inmates suffer from the poor conditions of imprisonment in Brazil, but also the agents who work there and that there is little potential changes in daily life that are able to transform this reality in order to minimize its subjective impact. The only glimpsed horizon for the transformation of this unhealthy environment of suffering is its extinction and this work aims to contribute to the construction of arguments in this favor

Esta pesquisa tem como enfoque a Cadeia Pública e a Casa de Correção localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, durante a vigência do Código Criminal do Império (1830-1890). Primeiramente, procuramos analisar o impacto das formulações do código de 1830 na dinâmica da Cadeia Pública da Capital, outrora regida pelo Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas. Em seguida, observamos a concepção da Casa de Correção, sua difícil construção até a inauguração parcial na década de 1850, que se insere no contexto das transformações políticas ocorridas no período e parece responder à demanda de organização e reestruturação do Estado. Em seguida, ponderamos que as propostas de modernização dos aparelhos repressores, baseadas nos modelos europeus e norte-americanos de punição e correção, não puderam ser efetivamente organizadas, especialmente levando-se em conta o crescimento populacional e o alto custo para sua implementação em grande escala. Paralelamente, procuramos estudar o perfil da população carcerária das duas instituições, tendo como fio condutor os trabalhos e serviços realizados pelos presos. Assim, observamos como funcionavam as oficinas da Casa de Correção, os trabalhos públicos dos galés e os serviços dos africanos livres e dos escravos detidos no calabouço. Em seguida, na outra ponta, estudamos os guardas e empregados dos estabelecimentos, investigando quem eles eram e que tipo de relações estabeleceram com aqueles que vigiavam. / This study focuses on the jail and the Penitentiary located in the city of São Paulo while the Criminal Code of the Empire was in force (18301890). Firstly, we sought to assess the impact of the provisions of the 1830 Code on the dynamics of the Capital City Jail, previously ruled by the Civil Code of the Philippines Book V. After that, we analyzed the Penitentiary conception, the pitfalls of its construction works up to the partial opening in the 1850s, which are connected to the political changes that occurred along this period and seems to be an answer to the call for organization and restructuring of the State. Next, we considered that the proposals for modernization of the coercive apparatus based on European and North- American models of punishment and correction could not be effectively organized mainly due to the population growth and costly large scale implementation. In addition, we studied the prison population profile in both institutions based on the works and tasks performed by the inmates. Therefore, we observed the Penitentiarys workshops, the public work of the inmates and the work of free African people and slaves imprisoned in dungeon. Finally, we studied the guards and other employees of these prisons to find out who they were and the kind of relationship they developed with the inmates.

China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) deeply wounded the collective identity of the nation’s population, as it caused dramatic chaos and violence in every social arena, bringing the country into a decade-long crisis. In the 1980s and 1990s, a wave of autobiographical works was published in China and overseas, commemorating the authors’ (mainly former Red Guards) participation in the Cultural Revolution and post-1968 Rustication Movement (1968-1980). Focusing on the Red Guards, the main participants of the movements, this research inquiries how autobiographical works reflect the impacts of their direct engagement in the history on their self-identification. This study applies a theoretical framework combining Maurice Halbwachs’s insights into collective memory and Jeffrey C. Alexander’s conceptualization of cultural trauma, with trauma and identity as the cores of textual analysis. This research analyses two selected works in each region to observe how the different cultural and social contexts in China and North America affect former Red Guards’ self-identification and their navigation of the traumatic past. Textual analysis of the four selected works shows that Red Guard autobiographies embody the nexus between individual memory and the social framework of the collective memory of the Cultural Revolution and Rustication Movement, as the latter reveals itself in the forms of narrative chronology, verbal conventions, and recurring scenes in the texts. While the social framework of collective memory shapes the Red Guard writers’ textual representations, the Red Guard writers engage in the collective remembering process and construct a victimhood-oriented narrative of the two movements through concentrating on the narrator or other characters’ tragedies. In social and practical aspects, Red Guard autobiographies have multiple roles in the trauma process of the events: the channel for emotional catharsis, the discursive field for former Red Guard writers’ exploration of their memories, and the medium through which the former Red Guard writers articulate their identities. Published in distinctive cultural and political contexts, China and North America, the Red Guard autobiographies embody authors’ different claims: the domestic Red Guard writers remain ambiguous in attribution of the undesired outcomes of the two movements and provide no clear identity of the victims, whereas the expatriate Red Guard writers in North America claim the movements’ experimental nature with stress laid on the inner-party struggles and identify the generation of the Red Guards and educated youths as the victims. Concentrating on collective memory and cultural trauma, this thesis provides new angles to understand the relations among personal narratives, social and cultural contexts, and national history. This study analyzes Red Guard memoirs’ functions in the working-through process of the two unsuccessful mass movements, showing how literary representations assist individuals and collectives with trauma healing and self-reflection. / Graduate

This research report is submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Arts in Social and Psychological Research, 2017 / South Africa has undergone a number of social and geographical changes since the end of apartheid. This has drastically changed urban spaces, where we have seen the proliferation of Gated Communities (GCs). These spaces have come to signify how inequality has evolved from being an issue exclusively bound to race to one that now occurs within races and between classes. Therefore, in order to better understand inequality the current study considered the individuals who occupy spaces of privilege, but are not necessarily part of those spaces – such as security guards. It attempts to provide descriptions of inequality, moving away from a traditional macroeconomic understanding. This is done through a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with security guards from GCs. The analysis outlines the descriptions given by the security guards on their experience of working at GCs. Four superordinate themes were derived: Professionalism; Education and Knowledge; Commodification of Life; and Violence. From these themes it is clear that we cannot only interpret inequality from an income perspective as there are a number of psychosocial factors that are integrated into the construct of inequality. / XL2018

yes / The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps or IRGC is a multilayered political, ideological, and security institution that has steadily acquired an increasing role in Iran’s economy in recent years. This paper analyses the increasing economic and business involvement of the IRGC in the broader context of Iranian state-society relations in general, and its civil-military dynamics in particular. More specifically, we look at the political and socio-economic processes within which the IRGC operates at the interrelated levels of the state and society. This analysis sets out the framework based on which we examine the IRGC’s increasing power in the course of its engagements and various conflicts in both political and societal arenas, and in particular its economic expansion under Ahmadinejad’s presidency. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of the IRGC’s rise on the economic policy of the new government under President Rouhani. / The full text is unavailable in the repository due to copyright restrictions.

During the United States Civil War, southwestern Virginia was mired in a bloody guerrilla conflict that involved Confederate irregular combatants defending the region from invading or raiding Union Army forces. Simmering for the entirety of the war, this conflict revolved around the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad (VandT), a critical railway that ran through southwestern Virginia and connected the southwestern Confederacy with Richmond and the rest of Virginia. As the war progressed, this railway moved increasingly large amounts of foodstuffs and minerals vital to the Confederate war effort, and by the later stages of the war it was the most important railway in the South. Union Army commanders in West Virginia recognized the incredible importance of the VandT to the Confederacy, and launched a multitude of major and minor invasions and raids into southwestern Virginia with the intent of crippling the railroad. Confederate partisan rangers, bushwhackers, and home guards played separate roles in weakening, distracting, and hampering Union Army operations in southwestern Virginia, thereby helping to defend the VandT from attacks. Their actions played a crucial role in ensuring the survival of the railroad until nearly the end of the war, and thus Confederate guerrillas had a strategic effect on the course of the war in southwestern Virginia. / Master of Arts

Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma solução de engenharia para o mapeamento e caracterização da oclusão dentária, não somente no âmbito de sua distribuição ao longo da arcada, mas também através da mensuração da intensidade de pressão nos pontos de contato oclusal interarco. Neste sentido, empregaram-se esforços no aprofundamento do conhecimento neste campo da Odontologia, assim como, na elaboração de um sistema experimental que, utilizando sensores de pressão/força resistivos (FSR) específicos para uso odontológico, viabilizou a análise do estado da oclusão, atuando como agente facilitador no diagnóstico de desequilíbrios oclusais. Inicialmente, são apresentados e esclarecidos os principais conceitos da esfera odontológica, os quais são tomados como base para todos os projetos deste trabalho, além da abordagem referente às formas de contato entre os dentes, aos diferentes tipos de oclusão e seus problemas. Em relação ao desenvolvimento do sistema, foram projetadas duas placas de circuito impresso para interface com os sensores e elaborados o firmware de acesso ao hardware, assim como o software de gerenciamento global do sistema. Todos os blocos do circuito de condicionamento foram avaliados e as suas funcionalidades validadas. Do mesmo modo, a caracterização da resposta dos sensores e a sua homogeneidade ao longo da extensão sensível foram analisadas, demonstrando que a resistência elétrica varia de forma análoga em todas as áreas do sensor. Através de ensaios realizados com sujeito envolvido no projeto, estabeleceu-se um comparativo entre a utilização do papel carbono e o sistema desenvolvido, mostrando as vantagens na utilização do segundo, principalmente atreladas à capacidade de avaliação da intensidade dos contatos oclusais. Por fim, ainda se valendo do uso paralelo do papel carbono, foram efetuados ensaios de análise da oclusão em sujeito envolvido no projeto utilizando placa miorrelaxante, possibilitando a utilização da capacidade do sistema desenvolvido para executar ajustes precisos na placa, com a finalidade de manter o balanço de pressões oclusais entre ambos os lados da arcada. / This essay has as objective the study and development of an engineer solution for the dental occlusion mapping and characterization, not only related to the interarch occlusal contact distribution, but also through the pressure magnitude measuring in each. In this sense, was employed effort in the Odontological knowledge increasing and also in the system elaboration allowing the occlusion state evaluation and acting as an easier agent in the occlusion disturbs diagnosing using a specific pressure/force sensing resistor (FSR) for dental use. Initially the main concepts of the Odontological sphere are presented, clarified and took as a base for all the projects in this essay. Besides this, different teeth contacts shapes are shown, as well as the occlusion’s types and its problems. In the system development, two printed circuit boards were designed for sensor interfacing. The hardware access through the firmware was elaborated, even as the global system managing software. All the conditioning circuit blocks and functionalities were evaluated and validated. In the same way, the sensor’s output and its homogeneity through all the sensible extension were evaluated, showing that the sensor’s electric resistance changes in the same form in all the sensor’s areas. In addition, it was showed the advantages of the developed system over the articulation paper through trials with a subject that is part of the project, showing the capacity of the system in the occlusion contacts magnitude evaluation. Ultimately, also in an articulation paper versus the developed system comparison, it was made occlusion analysis trials with subject using a night guard for teeth grinding (bruxism), showing the system capacity of precisely adjust the night guards for pressure balance between the both arch sides.

La garde républicaine, entre 1871 et 1914, corps de gendarmerie atypique, constitue une unité militaire mixte, regroupant des formations à cheval et d’autres à pied, dont le service essentiel est municipal. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de préciser sa filiation avec les unités qui l’ont précédée, de définir ses spécificités en terme d’organisation, de fonctionnement et d’infrastructures, de décrypter et de disséquer son service intérieur et municipal afin de le confronter à celui des autres régiments de l’armée et légions de gendarmerie, de situer la place de ces « gardiens de la cité » au sein de la gendarmerie de l’époque et de la comparer à celle tenue par notre actuelle garde républicaine.En trois parties, cette thèse détaille successivement :- les composantes de la garde, infanterie et cavalerie, son organisation régimentaire et son administration, ses différents rouages et sa composition, son recrutement, sa symbolique et ses uniformes ;- sa vie quotidienne, sa formation militaire et municipale, ses casernes, sa discipline ;- la police de la voie publique à Paris et les forces qui l’assurent, l’influence du préfet de police sur la garde, ses différents services, son utilisation au maintien et au rétablissement de l’ordre.L’hypothèse de travail est de constater à quel point la garde républicaine de la Belle Époque diffère de l’actuelle garde, si proche d’elle par ses silhouettes, ses représentations, ses traditions, son implantation, si éloignée par son unique vocation de garde présidentielle, protectrice des institutions de la République. / The Republican Guard, between 1871 and 1914, an atypical unit of the French Gendarmerie (military police), is comprised of joint military forces, combining horseback and foot patrols, which is mainly on duty in the city of Paris. The goals of this thesis are to specify its connection to the previously existing units, describe its specific character in terms of organization, operations and infrastructures, to decipher and dissect its domestic and municipal service in order to compare it with that of other French military regiments and Gendarmerie legions, to define the role of these “guardians of the city” within the Gendarmerie of this period and compare it with that of our current Republican Guard.Divided into three parts, this thesis consecutively examines :- the components of the Guard’s infantry and cavalry, its regimental organization and administration, its various inner mechanisms and composition, its recruitment, symbolism and uniforms;- its daily life, military and municipal training, barracks and discipline;- the public roadway police in Paris and the forces which ensure it, the influence of police headquarters on the Guard, its role in maintaining and reestablishing order.The working hypothesis is to show how different the Republican Guard of the Belle Epoque is compared to the current Guard, so similar to it in its shape, performances, traditions, and establishment, so far-removed in its sole purpose of presidential guard, guardian of the French Republic’s establishments.