O estudo que ora apresentamos visa resgatar, a partir de uma análise imanente dos textos, os elementos críticos necessários a uma contraposição entre Marx e Habermas, no que concerne àquelas categorias consideradas, a cada um em particular, essenciais ao processo de construção da sociabilidade humana: o trabalho e a comunicação. / The study we presented, aims to rescue, starting from an immanent analysis, the critical elements for an opposition between Marx and Habermas in which concern, to each one in particular, essential to the process of construction of the human sociability: the work and the communication.

This study examines how the most viewed Swedish entertainment shows represent the population of Sweden in 2005 compared to 2020. This was executed through quantitative coding and content analysis of the participants in the chosen television programs and compared to the population in Sweden during these separate years. The coding was based on the dimensions juridical sex, skin color, age, residence, profession/social group and whether the participant had a visible or pronounced disability. Moreover the study investigated if there is a better representation on the shows that are aired by Swedish public service, than by the commercial channels. The result showed a big improvement in representation of non-white participants from year 2005 to year 2020, but that there are still a few shortcomings in some of the dimensions, such as in the dimension visible or pronounced disability. The improvements in representation are in accordance with McQuails normative theory – that the media will adapt their content to the demands of the public, one of them being diversity. Another result of the study was that the entertainment programs in public service had a more fair representation than the commercial channels in the dimensions: gender, skin color and age. This is in accordance with McQuails theory on Public Broadcasting. Despite this, the Public Service channel did not live up to the requirements on diversity from the state in several dimensions in the selected programs. The lack of representation of the society as an entirety that the results showed can be interpreted as a threat to democracy since it does not allow everyone to take part in the public sphere that television as a medium consists of.

The following content is a way of trying to understand how music is practiced in Swedish preschools. To understand this, we have looked into preschool teachers' interest and knowledge in music, to see if or how their musical background may affect their teaching methods and didactics about music. The study relies on interviews with eight preschool teachers. This data has then been subjected to a phenomenographic analysis. The background of our interest in this particular subject stems from an observation of how the utilization of music has decreased in Swedish preschools. We have seen less musical instruments in the environment, and the importance of music appears to have faltered over time. We also make an attempt at understanding why math and language hold priority over music in Swedish preschools. The study is based on two theoretical perspectives: Haberma's thoughts on modern society, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The result shows that preschool teachers display a great interest in music, in addition to basic knowledge with grounds in their education. It also displays their willingness to use produced music from digital platforms. While the children receive opportunities to choose what music to play, the study also shows a lack of encouragement of the children's own music making by the educators. Factors such as a lack of time, routines, large groups of children, and loud noise are referenced as underlying reasons that limit childrens' opportunity to make music. Experiences of pressures from curricula and school subjects, in addition to the attitude of colleagues also affect the role music plays in everyday life.

No description available.

Ce mémoire s'intéresse à l'universalité de la modernité occidentale et donc au rapport que cette modernité entretient avec son Autre, c'est-à-dire celui qui n'est pas moderne ou qui n'est pas perçu comme étant moderne. L'Autre prend ici la figure du monde arabomusulman que j'ai cherché à rencontrer chez lui, sur le sol de ses écrits, sur le terrain de sa langue. L'enjeu de cette lecture du rationalisme arabe est relativement simple, il s'agit d'identifier les bases d'une modernité arabe pour nourrir le sol de la philosophie politique contemporaine. Partant ainsi du cadre de l'éthique de la discussion développée par Jürgen Habermas, ce mémoire focalise sur la notion de " décontextualisation " comme passage de l'agir communicationnel - par lequel se reproduisent les valeurs d'une communauté donnée (pour nous) - à la discussion argumentée où ces valeurs sont mises à distance pour que puisse être recomposé un jugement moral universel (pour tous). Selon mon hypothèse, ce passage du " pour nous " au " pour tous " se complique dans le monde arabe en vertu de deux pôles identitaires : la religion, mais surtout la solidarité clanique.

Tout d'abord engagé dans la poursuite du développement de la théorie critique élaborée par la première école de Francfort, l'oeuvre de Jürgen Habermas connaît un tournant avec la publication de la Théorie de l'agir communicationnel en 1981. La thèse présentée ici entend reconstruire les fondements épistémologiques, ontologiques et anthropologiques que dessine le nouveau projet philosophique habermassien tout en présentant une analyse critique des limites de la perspective qu'il propose. En suggérant peu ou prou de convertir la philosophie en science reconstructive fondée sur la raison communicationnelle, Habermas croyait s'offrir un substitut à la philosophie transcendantale qui serait en mesure de sauver l'héritage normatif des Lumières. Or, en dépit de son indéniable envergure, l'ouvrage propose une redéfinition de la philosophie adossée à la raIson communicationnelle et à un cadre analytique trop éclectique, restreint et sélectif qui tend à occulter toute manifestation de l'autre de la raison dialogique et à réduire l'expérience humaine et le champ de la philosophie à l'ordre du discours orienté vers l'entente. Face aux dangers et aux défis qu'impose le monde actuel et compte tenu des limites inhérentes au type d'approche privilégiée par Habermas, il nous semble impératif de pouvoir compter sur une conception plus "forte" de la philosophie qui aura su se réapproprier de son histoire les fondements de sa spécificité, de son autonomie et de son lieu premier, condition préalable de sa capacité analytique et critique d'une expérience humaine individuelle et collective non diminuée et de sa contribution à tout effort de "réenchantement du monde".

Univ., Diss.--Oxford.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

The role of a municipality is to make sure that their citizens are pleased and that the community is constantly evolving. The number of municipalities that are actively working with their communication is increasing as well as the municipalities acknowledging the opportunities with social media. The municipality of Härjedalen is facing different challenges while at the same time not having a presence on social media. It is, therefore, interesting to explore how the municipality work to further develop their community. The aim of this study is to highlight and problematize a group of Härjedalen’s citizens’ different views and opinions on their municipality, their work with communication and the function of the community in general. It strives to understand the citizen’s expectations on the municipality and research how big the support for the organization’s use of social media is. Four focus groups with the citizens of the municipality were held for this study and were furthermore analyzed with the help of Grunig and Hunts models on Public Relations, Habermas theory of communicative action and Sztompkas theory on trust. The study shows that the citizens in general have negative views on the municipality and their communication. They perceive it as unmodern, difficult to understand and that the municipality lack a dialogue with its citizens. Moreover, they would prefer that the municipality began to use social media as it would lead to a better communication between the two parties. The results imply that for communities to function well it is important for them to actively work with their communication. They also show how digital platforms are popular among the citizens of Härjedalen and that organization’s in the public sector should utilize them for their success.

No description available.