This research looks at the ethnographies Mules and Men (1935) and Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938) by Zora Neale Hurston focusing on representations of Time and the anthropologist’s body. Hurston was an African-American anthropologist, folklorist, and novelist who conducted research particularly between the end of the 1920s and the mid-1930s. At first, her fieldwork and writings dealt with African-American communities in Florida and Hoodoo practice in Louisiana, but she consequently expanded her field of anthropological interests to Jamaica and Haiti, which she visited between 1936 and 1937. The temporal and bodily factors in Hurston’s works are taken into consideration as coordinates of differentiation between the ethnographer and the objects of her research. In her ethnographies, the representation of the anthropologist’s body is analysed as an attempt at reducing temporal distance in ethnographical writings paralleled by the performative experience of fieldwork exemplified by Hurston’s storytelling: body, voice, and the dialogic representation of fieldwork relationships do not guarantee a portrayal of the anthropological subject on more egalitarian terms, but cast light on the influence of the anthropologist both in the practice and writing of ethnography. These elements are analysed in reference to the visualistic tradition of American anthropology as ways of organising difference and ascribing the anthropological ‘Others’ to a temporal frame characterised by bodily and cultural features perceived as ‘primitive’ and, therefore, distant from modernity. Representations and definitions of ‘primitiveness’ and ‘modernity’ not only shaped both twentieth-century American anthropology and the modernist arts (Harlem Renaissance), but also were pivotal for the creation of a modern African-American identity in its relation to African history and other black people involved in the African diaspora. In the same years in which Hurston visited Jamaica and Haiti, another African-American woman anthropologist and dancer, Katherine Dunham, conducted fieldwork in the Caribbean and started to look at it as a source of inspiration for the emerging African-American dance as recorded in her ethnographical and autobiographical account Island Possessed (1969). Therefore, Hurston’s and Dunham’s representations of Haiti are examined as points of intersection for the different discourses which both widened and complicated their understanding of what being ‘African’ and ‘American’ could mean.

This dissertation focuses on the experiences of Haitians living in France who are active in organizations seeking to benefit Haiti. Focusing on “hometown associations”—collectives formed by members of the diaspora who are generally from the same town, that engage in activities and projects for the benefit of their home country—my main question is how do a group of Haitians, committed to transnational engagement between France and Haiti, manage the challenges, pressures, and expectations in being a “diaspora” in light of the category’s increasing institutionalization? Previous research has examined the impact of hometown associations in nations such as Mexico, but I sought to understand their importance in the context of personal, national, and international agendas, agendas that often neutralize or undermine the purpose of hometown associations. Despite increasing attention by national and international policy makers citing diasporas as integral to the survival and growth of struggling nations, my research shows that there is little support given to such collectivities, especially in the case of the Haitian diaspora. I argue that diaspora as a category has become more institutionalized, and as a result is inhibiting progressive, grassroots change more that it empowers. My research hopes to highlight this trend so that policy makers and humanitarians can take a step back to better identify the future of diaspora as a geopolitical force for change in countries like Haiti, and gauge whether it can still function under the weight of its signification. / text

This dissertation makes use of data from three large and detailed rural household surveys conducted in Haiti to examine elements of economic behavior in poor rural households. We use the earliest survey to formulate a set of hypotheses and use statistical meta-analysis to test them against all three surveys. Results in the areas of household vulnerability, form, migration, and education contribute to theory-refinement in Economic Anthropology.

This thesis examines the roles played by Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in addressing the broad issue of poverty and development by focusing on the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. A new and intricate interplay of the profit, public, and non-profit sectors has arisen as the importance of NGOs has grown throughout the Global South. NGOs, now at the heart of economic development in LAC, are actors in what has been called a global civil society and have demonstrated an immense breadth of specified knowledge and adaptability. The main objective of the paper is to explore whether, and to what extent, NGOs can strengthen the capacity of states to effectively and fairly govern, and promote sustainable development. What can NGOs do to improve states in Latin America and the Caribbean? NGOs are placed within the progressive spectrum of development, while uncovering the need for a balanced approach to the complex topic of development. Consequently, NGOs carrying out capacity building objectives can be seen to support the involvement of local actors and communities while serving as interlocutors between the state and civil society. Haiti is used as a case study because it provides a unique and extreme example of the role that NGOs can play in promoting the public sector.

Throughout the nineteenth century, New Orleans was repeatedly plagued by yellow fever epidemics. In this paper, cultural representations of yellow fever are considered in three novels: Baron Ludwig Von Reizenstein’s The Mysteries of New Orleans (1854-1855), George Washington Cable’s The Grandissimes (1880), and Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis’ The Queen’s Garden (1900). Because the etiology was unknown during the nineteenth century, yellow fever becomes a floating signifier on which to project the ills they observed in New Orleans society. Yellow fever thus becomes a representation of loose sexual mores, as well as a divinely retributive punishment for slavery, or a sign of adherence to an unequal, antiquated, aristocratic and un-American social system. Yellow fever, in these texts, exposes the struggles with race and racial superiority and illuminates tensions between groups of whites as New Orleans became an American city.

Orientador: Marcelo Santos / Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello / Banca: Sidney Antonio da Silva / Banca: Eric Gustavo Cardin / Banca: Joaquín Arango / Resumo: Essa pesquisa analisa o processo de imigração e trabalho dos Haitianos no Oeste do Paraná. Os primeiros imigrantes chegaram em 2012 trazidos do Acre por empresários locais para suprir a carência de trabalho manual inicialmente na construção civil. A falta de mão de obra delineou as primeiras migrações de haitianos para a região, fortalecida posteriormente com as redes de apoio. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização da pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas 60 entrevistas a fim de testar a hipótese se os empreendimentos frigoríficos privados têm contribuído para atrair a imigração haitiana no Oeste do Paraná. O município de Cascavel-PR foi selecionado como amostra por ser a cidade com o maior número de haitianos do Estado. Como resultados dessa pesquisa, destacam-se: a desconstrução do mito da crise migratória e sua importância enquanto ideologia para ocultar a existência de uma crise humanitária, com políticas estatais reduzidas ao fechamento das fronteiras e transgressão dos direitos humanos. Os imigrantes haitianos no Oeste do Paraná são força de trabalho substituta e disponíveis nos frigoríficos com organização produtiva baseada no fordismo/taylorismo que demandam mão de obra abundante, trabalho simplificado e intensa exploração da força de trabalho. Também constatou-se a vinculação dos frigoríficos à globalização, os quais sob o pseudo conceito de cooperativas, ocultam a presença de trustes na região ao passo que os representam e definem o preço da força de trabal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research analyses the process of immigration of Haitians to the West of Paraná. The first immigrants from Haiti came in 2012, brought from the state of Acre by local employers to work in civil construction to overcome the labour shortage in this field. The process of immigration was later strengthned by local support nets. Through qualitative research and field research, 60 interviews were made in order to test the the following assumption the local cold stores have been contributed to push the immigration process through in the West of Paraná. The city of Cascavel was chosen as a sample because it is the city where there are the largest number of Haitians in the state. As a result of this research, it is worth stressing the dispelling of the myth of the migration crisis and its importance as an ideology created to hide the existence of a humanitarian crisis, with state policies reduced to borders closing and transgression of human rights. The Haitian immigrants in the West of Paraná are a substitute and available labour force to work in the cold stores, which productivity is based on the Fordism and Taylorism. The work is simplified and the exploitation of the labor force is intense. It was also found the link between the cold stores and globalization. The cold stores also hide the presence of trusts in the region under the false concept of a farm cooperative. They represent and define the price of the labour force in the cold stores. As a result of this process, there ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by PPG Psicologia (psicologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-12T11:25:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALICE_QUEIROZ_TELMO_ROMANO_DIS.pdf: 1096344 bytes, checksum: aee89de8b2da6db640f0f1e4bd72c845 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-24T13:46:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALICE_QUEIROZ_TELMO_ROMANO_DIS.pdf: 1096344 bytes, checksum: aee89de8b2da6db640f0f1e4bd72c845 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T13:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALICE_QUEIROZ_TELMO_ROMANO_DIS.pdf: 1096344 bytes, checksum: aee89de8b2da6db640f0f1e4bd72c845 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 / The present work aims to address a recent Haitian immigration in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, exploring the significance of the migratory phenomenon for Haitian women. For this to happen, two studies were carried out, a theoretical article and an empirical article. In the first article entitled "Feminization of involuntary migration in Brazil: intersections of gender, race / ethnicity and class", a critical review of the studies published on the issue of female migration in Brazil was carried out. The work was analyzed through the intersectional perspective, which includes different forms of agency and discrimination, from the interaction between different modes of subordination, such as issues of gender, race / ethnicity, class. From this study was verified, in spite of increasing the number of research on the subject, few take into consideration of markers according to the intersectional way. In the second article entitled "Trajectory of migration of Haitian women in Porto Alegre: a qualitative study", a panorama is outlined about the feminization of migration, especially Haitian immigration. In order to make a discussion with the current theory on migrations, the analyzes of interviews with Haitian women are carried out. Based on these analyzes, it is sought to understand how the migration trajectory of these women is, what has been found of similarities and differences with what has been published about migration of Haitian women. Some issues, such as language, family and work, have been highlighted and deepened. In their speeches it was observed how being Haitian is linked to the experience of migration. It has also been seen that their trajectories are marked by protagonism when deciding to migrate alone to other countries. Even in the cases of accompanied migration there are passages in which the protagonism 10 of the immigrants is also perceived. As one of the pioneering studies in our context, the results discussed here provide indications that can be explored in future studies, which can further investigate the concepts explored here with other migratory groups in other contexts. Thus, the findings of this research offer a still limited and limited panorama of the reality of Haitian women in Porto Alegre, but which can serve as a support for thinking about public policies and interventions aimed at raising the awareness of the Brazilian population about this emerging issue, possibilities for the reception and promotion of human rights for the immigrant and refugee population. / A presente disserta??o visa abordar a recente imigra??o haitiana no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, explorando o significado do fen?meno migrat?rio para mulheres haitianas. Para tanto foram realizados dois estudos, um artigo te?rico e um artigo emp?rico. No primeiro artigo, intitulado ?Feminiza??o da migra??o involunt?ria no Brasil: intersec??es de g?nero, ra?a /etnia e classe?, ? realizada uma revis?o cr?tica dos estudos publicados na tem?tica migra??o feminina no Brasil. Os trabalhos foram analisados atrav?s da perspectiva interseccional, que compreende diferentes formas de agenciamento e discrimina??o, a partir da intera??o entre diversos modos de subordina??o, tais como os relacionados ?s quest?es de g?nero, ra?a/etnia, classe. A partir deste estudo foi verificado que, apesar do crescente n?mero de pesquisas acerca da tem?tica, poucas levam em considera??o os marcadores mencionados de maneira interseccional. No segundo artigo, intitulado ?Trajet?ria de migra??o das mulheres haitianas em Porto Alegre: um estudo qualitativo?, ? tra?ado um panorama sobre a feminiza??o da migra??o, em especial da imigra??o haitiana. Afim de fazer uma discuss?o com a teoria atual sobre migra??es s?o realizadas as an?lises das entrevistas feitas com as mulheres haitianas. A partir destas an?lises busca-se compreender como ? a trajet?ria de migra??o destas mulheres, o que foi encontrado de semelhan?as e diferen?as com que vem sendo publicado sobre migra??o de mulheres haitianas. Algumas quest?es, como idioma, fam?lia e trabalho houveram destaque e foram aprofundadas. Em suas falas foi observado como ser haitiana encontra-se vinculada a viv?ncia de migra??o. Tamb?m foi visto que suas trajet?rias s?o marcadas por protagonismo ao decidirem migrar sozinhas para outros pa?ses. Mesmo nos casos de migra??o acompanhada h? trechos nos quais percebese tamb?m o protagonismo das imigrantes. Por ser um dos estudos ainda pioneiros em nosso contexto, os resultados aqui discutidos trazem indicativos que poder?o ser explorados em futuros estudos, os quais podem investigar mais a fundo os conceitos aqui explorados com outros grupos migrat?rios em outros contextos. Deste modo, os achados desta pesquisa oferecem um panorama ainda circunscrito e delimitado da realidade das mulheres haitianas em Porto Alegre, mas que pode servir de suporte para pensar pol?ticas p?blicas e interven??es que visam tanto conscientizar a popula??o brasileira quanto a este tema t?o emergente, quanto apresentar possibilidades de acolhimento e fomenta??o de direitos humanos para a popula??o imigrante e refugiada.

Orientador: Luciano Félix Florit. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Centro de Ciências Humanas e da Comunicação, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.

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At first glance Thomas Jefferson's presidential actions concerning the Haitian Revolution seem to denote racially motivated decisions predicated upon fear. However, through a deeper analysis of primary documents, Jefferson's position appears more economically and politically ambitious. By 1791, the French colony of Saint Domingue held the title of the richest colony in the Caribbean and the world's leading producer of sugar. In addition, Saint Domingue consumed about sixteen percent of all of America's exports. Jefferson's personal opinions concerning revolution and trade on the island of Saint Domingue contradict the statements of his administration. Partisan politics manifested a stern voice within the Republican Party that cried out for an end to all trade with the island. Thomas Jefferson's republican and revolutionary ideals of freedom, as well as the ideals of many Americans, became transformed by the social transgression of the Caribbean blacks against white hegemony. Their actions, along with press accounts, become "grotesque" in comparison to pure republican and revolutionary ideals. Jefferson, though publicly in tune with the wishes of his party, used his chief advisors to carry out a foreign policy that appeased the South and allowed for continued trade with Saint Domingue. Contemporary historians often categorize Jefferson's foreign policy concerning Haiti as a completely racist agenda. For example, historians frequently cite Jefferson as having said he would, "reduce Toussaint to starvation," but in reality this excerpt comes from a report sent by Louis Pinchon, the French chargé d'affaires, to his superiors. While labeling this report false seems excessive, ignoring the possibility of exaggeration by Pinchon and placation by Jefferson becomes a dangerous oversight. Through a fresh analysis of primary documents, especially those used out of context, an understanding emerges that portrays Jefferson not as a racial equalitarian or as "a man intellectually undone by his negrophobia," but as a political figure who acknowledges the republican values inherent in revolution and, at the same time, the necessity of economic prosperity to sustain the United States.