In high power induction motor drives, the switching frequency of the inverter is quite low due to the high losses in the power devices. Real-time PWM strategies, which result in reduced harmonic distortion under low switching frequencies and have maximum possible DC bus utilisation, are developed for such drives in the present work. The space vector approach is taken up for the generation of synchronised PWM waveforms with 3-Phase Symmetry, Half Wave Symmetry and Quarter Wave Symmetry, required for high-power drives. Rules for synchronisation and the waveform symmetries are brought out. These rules are applied to the conventional and modified forms of space vector modulation, leading to the synchronised conventional space vector strategy and the Basic Bus Clamping Strategy-I, respectively. Further, four new synchronised, bus-clamping PWM strategies, namely Asymmetric Zero-Changing Strategy, Boundary Sampling Strategy-I, Basic Bus Clamping Strategy-II and Boundary Sampling Strategy-II, are proposed. These strategies exploit the flexibilities offered by the space vector approach like double-switching of a phase within a subcycle, clamping of two phases within a subcycle etc. It is shown that the PWM waveforms generated by these strategies cannot be generated by comparing suitable 3-phase modulating waves with a triangular carrier wave. A modified two-zone approach to overmodulation is proposed. This is applied to the six synchronised PWM strategies, dealt with in the present work, to extend the operation of these strategies upto the six-step mode. Linearity is ensured between the magnitude of the reference and the fundamental voltage generated in the whole range of modulation upto the six-step mode. This is verified experimentally. A suitable combination of these strategies leads to a significant reduction in the harmonic distortion of the drive at medium and high speed ranges over the conventional space vector strategy. This reduction in harmonic distortion is demonstrated, theoretically as well as experimentally, on a constant V/F drive of base frequency 50Hz for three values of maximum switching frequency of the inverter, namely 450Hz, 350Hz and 250Hz. Based on the notion of stator flux ripple, analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the harmonic distortion due to the different PWM strategies. The values of harmonic distortion, computed based on these analytical expressions, compare well with those calculated based on Fourier analysis and those measured experimentally.

This master thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Saab, Avionics Systems in Jönköping, Sweden, during the spring of 2017. The thesis investigates unidirectional rectifier topologies in aircraft and the focus has been on evaluating the power quality requirements according to the aircraft standards, in the course of the More Electric Aircraft concept. Both passive and active power factor correction topologies are considered, discussed and compared. Simulation models are designed in MATLAB/Simulink and the procedures are presented. A modular concept regarding components is discussed where different power supplies and loads are considered. The simulations present both a passive 12-pulse auto-transformer rectifier unit and an active Delta-switch rectifier fulfilling requirements for aircraft such as the total harmonic distortion of the supply current. In addition, the input power factor is close to unity and an efficiency greater than 97% is obtained. Lastly, future aspects of each topology are discussed and necessary improvements to obtain realistic simulation models are presented.

The aim of this thesis was to develop user interface in LabVIEW to make typical measurements with spectral analyzer HP89410A There is introduced the theory of operation of an analogue heterodyne and a digital FFT spectral analyzer. It is explained the background of the Fast Fourier Transform. There are discussed the key settings in measuring with FTT analyzer, like window function, bandwidth, number of frequency points, or the averaging. Further is described the program, which was developed for measuring frequency characteristic by white noise and by stepped measurement. It was also made a module for measuring Signal to Noise Ratio and module for Total Harmonic Distortion. In the last part of this thesis are shown the results of processed exemplar measurements.

The work analyzes the operation of hybrid substations. The first chapter provides an analysis of domestic traction systems and describes in detail specific station. The next chapter follows the first in a way in which obtained parameters are converted to parameters suitable for the simulation program and presents its results. The third chapter discusses the serial communication used in one switchgear and about voltage regulator that controls one high voltage field. The last chapter verifies the simulation results obtained from the second chapter with real measurement and direct comparison is also included.

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εστιάστηκε στη μελέτη συστημάτων ακουστικής εκπομπής για απευθείας αναπαραγωγή ψηφιακού ήχου. Η ερευνητική διαδικασία βασίστηκε στον προσδιορισμό και βελτίωση των δυνατοτήτων δύο διαφορετικών υλοποιήσεων ακουστικής μετατροπής: i. Ένα υβριδικό πρωτότυπο θερμοακουστικό στοιχείο και ii. Μια συστοιχία 32 ηλεκτροδυναμικών μεγαφώνων σχεδιασμένη, ώστε να αναπαράγει ψηφιακά ηχητικά σήματα. Η θερμοακουστική μετατροπή προσφέρει μια εναλλακτική τεχνική για υλοποιήσεις ακουστικών στοιχείων. Είναι βασισμένη στο μετασχηματισμό των διακυμάνσεων της θερμικής ενέργειας σε ακουστικό κύμα που προκαλούνται από τη ροή του ηλεκτρικού σήματος ήχου σε μια συσκευή στερεάς κατάστασης που λειτουργεί χωρίς τη χρήση οποιουδήποτε κινούμενου τμήματος ή μηχανισμού. Η υλοποίηση αυτής της τεχνικής ηχητικής αναπαραγωγής, μελετάται με τη χρήση ενός πρωτότυπου μετατροπέα ο οποίος αναπτύχθηκε πάνω σε πλακέτα κρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (silicon wafer). H απόδοση της συσκευής αυτής βελτιώνεται ιδίως όσον αφορά στις μη γραμμικές παραμορφώσεις που προσθέτει ο φυσικός μηχανισμός κατά την αναπαραγωγή των ακουστών συχνοτήτων. Για τις ανάγκες της ερευνητικής μελέτης κατασκευάσθηκε εξειδικευμένο στάδιο οδήγησης, ενώ επίσης αναπτύχθηκαν εργαλεία που προσομοιώνουν την απόδοση αυτών των συσκευών. Οι ψηφιακές συστοιχίες μεγαφώνων (DLAs) σήμερα βασίζονται σε μικρούς μετατροπείς κινούμενου πηνίου για την ανακατασκευή ακουστικών σημάτων από ροές ψηφιακού ήχου. Τα σημαντικά ζητήματα απόδοσης για τα συστήματα αυτά αναλύονται από την παρούσα διατριβή, με στόχο να ερμηνευθεί η απόκριση συχνότητας και οι ρυθμοί των διακριτών (on/off) μεταβάσεων των μεγαφώνων, εξαιτίας των ψηφιακών σημάτων. Λεπτομερείς προσομοιώσεις που επιτρέπουν την πραγματοποίηση συγκρίσεων για μια πανομοιότυπη συστοιχία 32 μετατροπέων η οποία τροφοδοτείται από αναλογικά σήματα, σε παρόμοια τοποθέτηση και ενεργοποίηση των στοιχείων. Οι μελέτες αυτές παράγουν πρωτότυπα αποτελέσματα για τις απαιτήσεις σε ηλεκτρική ενέργεια και την ευαισθησία της συστοιχίας, καταλήγοντας στο συμπέρασμα ότι αυτά τα δύο συστήματα επιτυγχάνουν συγκρίσιμες επιδόσεις. / The present Phd Thesis is focused on the study of acoustic transduction systems for direct digital audio signal emission. The research process was based on the evaluation and optimization of the behavior of two different implementations: i. A novel hybrid thermoacoustic device and ii. A loudspeaker array consisting of 32 moving coil speakers designed for digital audio reproduction. Thermoacoustic transduction offers an alternative technique for transducer implementations, based on the transformation of thermal energy fluctuations into sound after the direct application of the electrical audio signal on a solid state device which operates without the use of any moving/mechanical components. Here, an implementation of this sound generation technique is studied based on a prototype developed on silicon wafer and its performance is optimised, especially with respect to non-linear distortions within the audio band. For the purposes of the research study a specialised driving circuit was constructed and also the appropriate tools were developed to simulate the performance of these devices. Digital loudspeaker arrays currently are based on small moving-coil speakers to reconstruct acoustic signals out of binary audio streams. An overview of significant performance issues for such systems is given here to explain frequency response and speaker discrete transition rates due to the digital data. Detailed simulations provided comparisons for a 32-speaker DLA with similar arrangements of speakers driven by analogue signals. These tests produce novel results for electrical power requirements and array sensitivity, concluding that these two systems achieve comparable performance.

<p dir="ltr">The short lifespan of capacitors in power electronics converters is a significant challenge. These capacitors, often electrolytic, are vital for voltage smoothing and frequency filtering. However, their susceptibility to heat, ripple current, and aging can lead to premature faults. This can cause issues like output voltage instability and short circuits, ultimately resulting in catastrophic failure and system shutdown. Capacitors are responsible for 30% of power electronics failures.</p><p dir="ltr">To tackle this challenge, scientists, researchers, and engineers are exploring various approaches detailed in technical literature. These include exploring alternative capacitor technologies, implementing active and passive cooling solutions, and developing advanced monitoring techniques to predict and prevent failures. However, these solutions often come with drawbacks such as increased complexity, reduced efficiency, or higher upfront costs. Additionally, research in material science is ongoing to develop corrosion-resistant capacitors, but such devices are not readily available.</p><p dir="ltr">This dissertation presents a capacitorless solution for dc-dc and dc-ac converters. The proposed solution involves harnessing parasitic elements and integrating them as intrinsic components in power converter technology. This approach holds the promise of enhancing power electronics reliability ratings, thereby facilitating breakthroughs in electric vehicles, compact power processing units, and renewable energy systems. The central scientific premise of this proposal is that the capacitance requirement in a power converter can be met by deliberately augmenting parasitic components.</p><p dir="ltr">Our research hypothesis that incorporating high dielectric material-based thin-films, fabricated using nanotechnology, into planar magnetics will enable the development of a family of capacitorless electronic converters that do not rely on discrete capacitors. This innovative approach represents a departure from the traditional power converter schemes employed in industry.</p><p dir="ltr">The first family of converters introduces a novel capacitorless solid-state power filter (SSPF) for single-phase dc-ac converters. The proposed configuration, comprising a planar transformer and an H-bridge converter operating at high frequency, generates sinusoidal ac voltage without relying on capacitors. Another innovative dc-ac inverter design is the twelve step six-level inverter, which does not incorporate capacitors in its structure.</p><p dir="ltr">The second family of capacitorless topologies consists of non-isolated dc-dc converters, namely the buck converter and the buck-boost converter. These converters utilize alternative materials with high dielectric constants, such as calcium copper titanate (CCTO), to intentionally enhance specific parasitic components, notably inter capacitance. This innovative approach reduces reliance on external discrete capacitors and facilitates the development of highly reliable converters.</p><p dir="ltr">The study also includes detailed discussions on the necessary design specifications for these parasitic capacitors. Furthermore, comprehensive finite element analysis solutions and detailed circuit models are provided. A design example is presented to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed concept in electric vehicle (EV) low voltage side dc-dc power converters used to supply EVs low voltage loads.</p>