This thesis provides a critical evaluation of certain selected works of Hayashi Fumiko and demonstrates the unique literary achievement of this important modern Japanese woman writer who is as yet little known in the West. This thesis contends that the element of struggle, so omnipresent in this writer's life and works, is the essence of her artistic vision. Herein, struggle is examined not only in terms of theme, characterization, imagery, and style but also as a major determining factor in the development and progression of narrative itself. Four principal struggles are discerned: (1) for art and beauty, (2) for love, (3) for maturity and independence, and (4) for survival. It is shown also that the first three of these categories of struggle belong to what in Hayashifs writings may be designated as the inner world of human feeling. This inner world is opposed to and in conflict with the outer world of hardship and necessity in which the struggle for survival takes place. Five major stages in the development of Hayashifs work are proposed, and representative works are discussed in each period to illustrate the developments and modifications of the struggle element. Chapter One, dealing with the period 1922-1930, discusses Hayashi's early poetry and her first major work, Hōrōki. Here, the inner struggle for art and beauty is affirmed amidst the hardship of the outer struggle for survival. Chapter Two discusses the period 1931-1934, and focuses on the short stories "Fūkin to sakana no machi'' and "Seihin no sho." In these works the inner struggles for love and for maturity are brought to the fore as Hayashi's early autobiographical fiction reaches the peak of lyrical expression. In Chapter Three, covering the period 1936-1942, Hayashi's change to "objective" fiction is examined, in particular her first full-length novella, Inazumaf in which the inner struggle is weakened and debilitated by the struggle with outside circumstances. Chapter Four covers the years 1946-1949, a period which represents Hayashi's full maturity. In Ukigumo, her masterpiece, the forces of the inner struggle assume demonic proportions, overpowering the outward struggle for survival and success. In Chapter Five, Hayashi's final years, 1950-1951, are examined. Here, in Meshi, the author attempts to reconcile the dichotomies of the inner and outer elements of struggle as she portrays the lives of ordinary people, striving to find self-fulfillment in the modern world. The thesis concludes that the element of struggle provides a primary tool by which the works of this author can be fully appraised and appreciated. By providing an explication of this element, this thesis not only offers an insight into the mechanisms of Hayashi's genius but also presents a much-needed introduction to and interpretation of this writer's work. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Through examining the positionality of Hayashi Fumiko as well as the changing socio-political, economic and historical contexts in which she lived in, I look to better understand how Hayashi navigated through the patriarchal systems of society as a woman writer. This thesis includes a survey of the Meiji, Taisho and Showa periods as well as a comparative analysis of Hayashi's prewar, interwar and post-war works.

Recently, implementing Public Affairs Management (PAM) educational program, and increasing the graduate¡¦s abilities and management quality have become important issues for establishing postmodern public involvement citizenship. In other words, how to instruct a modern citizen to participate in the civic society relies mostly on the education avenue. However, there existed different promoting experiences of PAM education among Taiwan, China and the U.S.A. However due to the social context and history in each country, there existed each own strength and focus. Hence, to discern and compare the PAM course structures cross-nationally and to spotlight the direction and development of PAM education program in the future became the researcher¡¦s interest. This study contained 16 universities offering executive professional master programs of MPA (Master of Public Administration, MPA) in Taiwan and 24 universities in China as research subjects. Six universities in the U.S.A. were selected for the comparison purpose. ¡§Integrated Reference Framework for Public Affairs Management¡¨ was applied as the analysis model to compare these courses. The study aims were below: (1) to review the explicitness and reflectivity of this framework; (2) to present the main characteristics of PAM education courses structure dimension; (3) to discover the denotation between universities in Taiwan and China; and (4) to contribute to PAM education course design in the future. The findings of this study were summarized: 1. Quantification analysis results After conducting Hayashi¡¦s quantification theory analysis with MPA education courses structured from universities in Taiwan and China, and incorporating with representative universities in the U.S.A., this study extracted three characteristics as the following: (1) Sixteen universities in Taiwan reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨ and focused on postmodern issues. The main crucial courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, Taiwan-China politics and policy issues, product-quality management and innovation. (2) Twenty-four universities in China reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨, ¡§conditional side¡¨ and focused on modern issues. The main courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, science-technology policies, and information technology management. (3) Six universities in the U.S.A. reflected ¡§phenomenal side¡¨, ¡§essential side¡¨ and ¡§conditional side¡¨ and focused on postmodern issues. Furthermore, they influenced the universities in both Taiwan and China. The main courses could be categorized into institutional analysis and design, science-technology policies, information technology management, and rural-urban housing development and transportation. 2. Qualitative interview analysis results The qualitative research data were collected through in-depth interviewing with the professors lecturing at the PAM education institutions. The findings suggested: (1) When designing education course, the department shall take technical rationality and philosophical thoughts of administration into consideration. (2) The PAM courses shall aim to create its localized theories instead of replicating the foreign ones. Otherwise, the interviewees suggested that a critical thinking and the ability to modify the theories were essential. (3) PAM policies could be practiced with sustainable perspectives and these policies shall take whole-person education as one of the purposes. (4) PAM courses could integrate and strengthen theory and practices, in order to broaden the scopes of academics and researches. (5) When the universities and the departments set up a goal of transformation and development, the identity crisis should be concerned. (6) The interviewees suggested that the university could set up the school of public affairs to emphasize its status in education. Key Words¡G public administration, public management, public affairs management, education system, Hayashi¡¦s quantification theory.

Kaidan is a genre of supernatural tales that became popular during Japan’s Edo period. In 1627, Hayashi Razan translated numerous supernatural tales from China and collected them in five volumes in a work known as Kaidan zensho, the “Complete Collection of Strange Works.” Hayashi Razan was an influential Neo-Confucian scholar and was instrumental in establishing Neo-Confucianism as a dominant ideological force in Tokugawa Japan. As his teachings and stories reached a wide audience, and the government was supportive of Neo-Confucian ideas in Japan, his Kaidan tales, which contained subtle didactic elements, enjoyed success. However, Kaidan zensho was never translated into English. Many of the tales within the Kaidan zensho expressed didactic messages by using supernatural depictions of animals as narrative devices. The animals usually were caricatures of a person or group, and were furthermore depicted in a negative fashion. These animals were shown to be unable to act in a moral manner, so their purpose in these tales was to highlight the moral decisions made on the part of the stories’ protagonists. Chapter one of this thesis introduces the kaidan genre, provides context for 17th century Japan, and how Neo-Confucianism influenced Tokugawa government and culture. Chapter two analyzes the Kaidan zensho tales for their use of animals, grouping the stories by theme – benevolence, ingratitude, fear of women, and impermanence. It explains what the animals represent and how they highlight the moral of the story. Chapter three is my original translation of fifteen tales focusing on animals found in Kaidan zensho, with notes to provide context to the stories.

No description available.

Ein nichtparametrisches Schätzverfahren für die quadratische Kovariation von hochfrequent nicht-synchron beobachteter Itô-Prozessen mit einem additiven Rauschen wird entwickelt. Für eine artverwandte Folge von statistischen Experimenten wird die lokal asymptotische Normalität (LAN) im Sinne von Le Cam bewiesen. Mit dieser lassen sich optimale Konvergenzraten und Effizienzschranken für asymptotische Varianzen ableiten. Der vorgestellte Schätzer wird auf Grundlage von zwei modernen Verfahren, für die Anwendung bei nicht-synchronen Beobachtungen zum einen, und einem additiven Rauschen zum anderen, entwickelt. Der Hayashi-Yoshida Schätzer wird in einer neuen Darstellung eingeführt, welche einen Synchronisierungsalgorithmus mit einschließt, der für die kombinierte Methode ausgelegt werden kann. Es wird eine stabiles zentrales Grenzwerttheorem bewiesen, wobei spezieller Wert auf die Analyse des Einflusses der Nicht-Synchronität auf die asymptotische Varianz gelegt wird. Nach diesen Vorbereitungen wird das kombinierte Schätzverfahren für den allgemeinsten Fall nicht-synchroner verrauschter Beobachtungen vorgestellt. Dieses beruht auf Subsampling- und Multiskalenmethoden, die auf Mykland, Zhang und Aït-Sahalia zurück gehen. Es vereint positive Eigenschaften der beiden Ursprünge. Das zentrale Resultat dieser Arbeit ist der Beweis, dass der Schätzfehler stabil in Verteilung gegen eine gemischte Normalverteilung konvergiert. Für die asymptotische Varianz wird ein konsistenter Schätzer angegeben. In einer Anwendungsstudie wird eine praktische Implementierung des Schätzverfahrens, die die Wahl von abhängigen Parametern beinhaltet, getestet und auf ihre Eigenschaften im Falle endlicher Stichprobenumfänge untersucht. Neuen fortgeschrittenen Entwicklungen auf dem Forschungsfeld von Seite anderer Autoren wird Rechnung getragen durch Vergleiche und diesbezügliche Kommentare. / A nonparametric estimation approach for the quadratic covariation of Itô processes from high-frequency observations with an additive noise is developed. It is proved that a closely related sequence of statistical experiments is locally asymptotically normal (LAN) in the Le Cam sense. By virtue of this property optimal convergence rates and efficiency bounds for asymptotic variances of estimators can be concluded. The proposed nonparametric estimator is founded on a combination of two modern estimation methods devoted to an additive observation noise on the one hand and asynchronous observation schemes on the other hand. We reinvent this Hayashi-Yoshida estimator in a new illustration that can serve as a synchronization method which is possible to adapt for the combined approach. A stable central limit theorem is proved focusing especially on the impact of non-synchronicity on the asymptotic variance. With this preparations on hand, the generalized multiscale estimator for the noisy and asynchronous setting arises. This convenient method for the general model is based on subsampling and multiscale estimation techniques that have been established by Mykland, Zhang and Aït-Sahalia. It preserves valuable features of the synchronization methodology and the estimators to cope with noise perturbation. The central result of the thesis is that the estimation error of the generalized multiscale estimator converges with optimal rate stably in law to a centred mixed normal limiting distribution on fairly general regularity assumptions. For the asymptotic variance a consistent estimator based on time transformed histograms is given making the central limit theorem feasible. In an application study a practicable estimation algorithm including a choice of tuning parameters is tested for its features and finite sample size behaviour. We take account of recent advances on the research field by other authors in comparisons and notes.

Au début des années 1950, le cinéma japonais achève de se remettre des restrictions d'abord imposées par le régime militariste, puis entraînées par la défaite du pays. L'industrie cinématographique prospère rapidement et puise dans la littérature des histoires pour les films qu'elle doit produire à une cadence toujours plus élevée afin de répondre à la demande des salles de cinéma. C'est dans ce contexte que Naruse Mikio (1905-1969) a réalisé six films inspirés de textes de Hayashi Fumiko (1903-1951). Ces films sont représentatifs tout à la fois des relations que les institutions littéraires et cinématographiques entretenaient à l'époque où les films ont été réalisés, du rôle joué par la littérature dans la politique de production des studios de cinéma et de la façon dont l’adaptation était perçue par la critique de cinéma.Mais outre la présentation de ces aspects contextuels et historiques, l'objectif de cette thèse est de dégager des pistes qui aideraient à appréhender l'œuvre de Naruse Mikio à travers l'examen des choix qu'il opère lors du processus d'adaptation, que ce soit au niveau du sujet, de la construction du récit, ou encore de la mise en scène. Naruse parvient à trouver un équilibre entre ses ambitions formelles et les exigences du récit en élaborant avec virtuosité un style effacé ou « invisible ». Pour tenter d'en faire ressortir les particularités, notre effort s'est concentré sur l'analyse des éléments de notre corpus (films, textes et scénarios). Dans cette entreprise, les textes de Hayashi constituent un référent précieux qui aide à déterminer les rapports que le cinéaste entretient avec son sujet, avec le scénario ou encore avec les contraintes inhérentes au cadre dans lequel il travaille. / In the early fifties, the Japanese film industry had almost recovered from the restrictions imposed first by the military regime and then from Japan’s defeat in the Pacific War. The industry then prospered rapidly and found in literature the stories needed in order to produce enough movies to comply to the always growing demand of the cinemas. It was in this context that Naruse (1905-1969) realized six movies inspired by Hayashi Fumiko's (1903-1951) works. These movies are exemplary of the relationship between literary institutions and the film industry at the time they were shot. They are also typical of the importance of literature in the production policy of the diverse film studios as well as the manner movie critics received these screen adaptations.Besides the presentation of the contextual and historical aspects, our objective is to identify ways which would help to discover Naruse Mikio's works through the filter of choices made by him at the time of the adaptation, be it when choosing the topic, the story construction or the stage direction. Naruse was able to find a balance between his formal ambitions and the requirements of the story by skillfully elaborating a subdued or “invisible” style. In order to highlight the singularities of his personal style, we have concentrated our effort on the analysis of the diverse elements of our corpus: the films, texts and scripts. In this endeavour Hayashi’s writings are a precious point of reference helping us to determine the precise nature of the relationship the film director had with his subject, with the script as well as the constraints imposed by the frame he was working in.

The use and firing of clay to make art instead of vessels was a revolutionary concept in Japan when it first was introduced by Hayashi Yasuo in 1948 with Cloud, and expanded upon by Yagi Kazuo in 1954 with Mr. Samsa’s Walk. Although both avant-garde artists were major forces in the advancement of abstract, nonfunctional ceramics, Yagi is usually given sole credit and occupies a prominent place in the literature, while Hayashi’s name can scarcely be found, despite his numerous international awards, large body of work and career spanning seven decades. This thesis seeks to identify the factors that influenced the direction of their careers and the unbalanced reception of their work. It compares their backgrounds, personality traits, avant-garde affiliations, and positions on art and ceramics, in relation to the norms and prerequisites for success in Kyoto’s deeply stratified, convention-bound ceramic community. The pervasive practice of rating and society’s emphasis on affiliation and rank were significant forces in this situation, as were issues that divided Japan’s art world -- the separation and unequal ranking of fine art and traditional craft, or the value of individual expression versus technique and tradition. Ultimately, this study reveals an insular world during a decade (1946–56) of crisis and transition that is rarely studied in the West from the perspective of ceramic art.

Ce mémoire de thèse est composé de deux parties distinctes ayant comme thématique commune, les réactions multicomposants (MCR). Nous nous sommes intéressés dans un premier temps au développement d’une nouvelle MCR conduisant à des dérivés de l’indole, hétérocycle rencontré dans de nombreuses substances naturelles et composés biologiquement actifs. Nous avons ainsi mis au point un nouvelle méthodologie MCR séquentielle, rapide et efficace permettant d’accéder sélectivement, à partir des trois mêmes substrats (un précurseur indolique, un alcyne vrai et un accepteur de Michael) à deux familles de composés : les cyclopent[b]indoles ou les pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles par une simple inversion de l’ordre des réactions. Puis dans un deuxième temps, nous avons élaboré une nouvelle synthèse totale diastéréosélective de lignanes tétrahydrofuraniques trisubstitués, connus pour leur abondance dans la nature et leurs propriétés biologiques très variées. Cette synthèse courte est composée de trois étapes clés : une réaction de cyclofonctionnalisation multicomposants palladocatalysée, une déméthoxycarboxylation -élimination utilisant des conditions de Krapcho modifiées et une réaction de type Hayashi-Miyaura permettant d’introduire le deuxième groupement aryle. Cette dernière réaction d’addition conjuguée a représenté le défi de cette synthèse et a donc fait l’objet d’une étude particulière sur un substrat modèle. / This thesis was split in two parts with the same thematic: multicomponent reactions (MCR). In the first one, we were focused on the development of two novel MCR leading to indole derivatives, an important heterocycle with numerous biological properties. We elaborated two new sequential, rapid and efficient methodologies involving three same partners, an indolic precursor, a terminal alkyne and a Michael acceptor added in predetermined order. This sequence allowed us to obtain two type of heterocycles, cyclopent[b]indoles or pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles. In the second one, we developed a new diastereoselective total synthesis of trisubstitued tetrahydrofurans-type lignans, known for their abundance in nature and diverse biological activities. This short and efficient synthesis was composed of three key steps: a palladium-catalyzed threecomponents cyclization step, a Krapcho demethoxycarboxylation-elimination procedure and a stereoselective rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of an aryl group. This Hayashi-Miyaura reaction has represented the synthetic challenge that we have firstly studied on a model substrate.

No description available.