Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucilene Rezende Alcanfor.pdf: 1127608 bytes, checksum: 0823b790066d3b8b566eb356f1492e9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / His research aims to analyze, from a historical perspective of education, production and circulation the works: World history for children (1933) and Dona Benta Geography (1935) of the writer Monteiro Lobato in the political and education a context from the 1930s and the mid-1940s, a period when there was great expansion of publications from the literary genre facing child learning contents. The Children's themed school-books are going to be a form of scholarly literature often used by the Brazilian publishing market, during much of the republican period, for the reason of having a right and guaranteed public, it means primary pupils in a learning stage of reading and writing. The viability of public policy in encouraging new reading practices intensified the production of children's literature for the period in question, stimulating the creation of children's libraries and schools, in which the democratization of reading speech puts a new function into the book, witch does not represent only a single depository of universal culture anymore, but a rich source of experience that manifests between child and knowledge. The Comparative analysis of the content of Monteiro Lobato works, with manuals of history and geography from the corresponding period, allowed to observe the methodological differences proposed by the author on how to approach the learning contents in an attempt to overcome the traditional school literature / Essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva historiográfica da educação, a produção e circulação das obras História do mundo para as crianças (1933) e Geografia e Dona Benta (1935) do escritor Monteiro Lobato, comparando a proposta de abordagem dos conteúdos das disciplinas de História e Geografia dos livros didáticos tradicionais, no contexto político e educacional da década de 1930 e em meados de 1940, período em que houve grande expansão de publicações do gênero literário infantil voltado para os conteúdos escolares. Os livros infantis com temáticas escolares vão se constituir numa modalidade de literatura escolar bastante utilizada pelo mercado editorial brasileiro, durante grande parte do período republicano, por terem um público certo e garantido: o escolar. A viabilização de políticas públicas no fomento a novas práticas de leitura intensificou a produção da literatura infantil no período em questão, estimulando a criação de bibliotecas infantis e escolares, nas quais se inscreve o discurso de democratização da leitura que deposita no livro uma nova função, que não representa mais o papel de simples depositário da cultura universal, mas por ser uma rica fonte de experiência que se manifesta entre a criança e o conhecimento. A análise comparativa permitiu observar as diferenças metodológicas propostas pelo autor na forma de abordagem dos conteúdos escolares, na tentativa de superar a literatura escolar tradicional

This thesis is a study of Durham University, from its inception in 1831 to the opening of the College of Physical Science in Newcastle in 1871. It considers the foundation and early years of the University in the light of local and national developments, including movements for reform in the church and higher education. The approach is holistic, with the thesis based on extensive use of archival sources, parliamentary reports, local and national newspapers, and other primary printed sources as well as a newly-created and entirely unique database of Durham students. The argument advanced in this thesis is that the desire of the Durham authorities was to establish a modern university that would be useful to northern interests, and that their clear failure to achieve this reflected the general issues of the developing higher education sector at least as much as it did internal mismanagement. This places Durham in a different position relative to the traditional understanding of how universities and colleges developed in England and therefore broadens and deepens the quality of that narrative. In the light of the University's swift decline, and poor reputation, from the mid-1850s what were the ambitions of the founders and how did this deterioration occur? Were the critics' accusations against the University - principally that it was a theologically-dominated, inadequate imitation of Oxford, bound to the Chapter of Durham and ruled autocratically by its Warden - based on fact or prejudice? And if the critics were wrong, what were the factors that lead to the University's failings?

Esta tese é resultado de um estudo sócio-histórico que teve por objetivo compreender como se configuraram as relações entre educação e estatística no Brasil no período de 1871 até a década de 1940. A partir da análise de documentos de Estado - publicados pela Diretoria Geral de Estatística, pelo Ministério da Educação e Saúde, pelo Serviço de Estatística de Educação e Saúde, pelo INEP e pelo IBGE - foi possível identificar como se consolidou a legitimidade que usufruem as estatísticas educacionais para a condução de decisões políticas e de que maneira estas estatísticas colaboraram na formulação de representações sobre a escola primária brasileira. Procedeu-se, inicialmente, ao relato das iniciativas do poder público no sentido de criar e aperfeiçoar um aparato capaz de elaborar informações numéricas consideradas confiáveis. Foi, também, descrita a maneira pela qual eram produzidas as estatísticas educacionais, localizando as fontes de informação e explicando os procedimentos para coleta dos dados. Pretendeu-se, por essa iniciativa, diminuir o desconhecimento acerca da origem de números escolares que, eventualmente, são utilizados em pesquisas atuais sem o conveniente exame crítico. Foram indicadas, ainda, algumas das falhas na elaboração das estatísticas (declaradas pelos seus produtores), possibilidades de divergência de interpretação, limitações inerentes ao objeto, inconsistências na argumentação - aspectos estes que obrigam à cautela no uso de tais informações. Foram examinadas, além disso, as análises oficiais dos números do ensino, em especial aquelas que circularam na década de 1940, buscando-se identificar as lutas simbólicas travadas em torno da sua interpretação legítima. Desse modo, foi possível contribuir na compreensão de como as estatísticas incidem sobre a construção de determinadas imagens sobre a escola. Por fim, cabe enfatizar que o conceito de representação assume uma importância fundamental neste estudo, permitindo situar as estatísticas e o discurso produzido sobre elas como elementos de mediação das relações dos indivíduos com o mundo social. Ao classificarem e circunscreverem a realidade, constroem e fixam modos de apreender o mundo, a partir dos quais os indivíduos tomam decisões, equacionam problemas, conformam seus comportamentos e consolidam mecanismos de controle social. É preciso destacar, ainda, a centralidade que o conceito de campo - de Bourdieu - tem na análise empreendida. / This thesis is the result of a social-historical study which has have as aim to understand how the relationship between Education and Statistics in Brazil was formed in between 1871 and the decade of 1940. Starting from the analysis of official documents of the State - produced by the General Directory of Statistics, by the Ministery of Education and Health, by the Education and Health Statistics Service, by INEP and by IBGE - it was possible to identify how the legitimacy of which educational statistics for conducting the political decisions were consolidated and in which way they colaborated in the formulation of representation about Brazilian primary school. Inicially, we related the initiatives by the public services to create and improve an aparatus capable of producing numerical information which would be considered reliable. Also, we described the way in which educational statistics were produced, locating the sources of information and explaining the proceedings for the collection of data. What was intended, by using this initiative, was to diminish the ignorance about the school numbers which, sometimes, are used in recent surveys without the convenient critical exam. Yet, some of the failures in the elaboration of the statistics (declared by their producers), possibilities of divergency of interpretation, limitation inherent to the object, inconsistencies in arguments - all these being a complexion which obligate to the caution in using that information - were indicated. Further more, the official analysis of the numbers in education, specially those which circulated in the decade of 1940, seeking to identify the symbolical fights held on the legitime interpretation, were examined. Therefore, it was possible to contribute in the understanding of how statistics concur in the construction of some [piece of representation] about the school. Finally, we shall emphasize that the concept of representation gain a fundamental importance in this study, allowing us to place statistics and the speeches which were produced about them as elements of mediation of the relationship between the individuals and their social world. As they classify and encicle the reality, they build and set ways of apprehend the world, from whose concept people take decisions, solve problems, form their behaviour and consolidate the machanisms of social control. It is important to be outstanding, yet, the centrality that the concept of field - as formulated by Bordieu - assumes to this work.

Como a prática de uso dos uniformes escolares se configurou nas escolas públicas do estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 1950 a 1970? Este trabalho procura contribuir para a compreensão do modo pelo qual os uniformes escolares foram retratados pela imprensa educacional, seja mediante artigos assinados por autores prestigiados pelo campo, seja pelas propagandas que intercalavam os textos em questão. Pretende ainda examinar a percepção dos alunos acerca dos uniformes escolares por meio do estudo do jornal escolar e as prescrições relacionadas ao uso deste vestuário nos manuais pedagógicos. Além disso, a legislação educacional vigente no período estudado complementa a análise. O período estudado compreende a época de expansão da escola pública no estado de São Paulo, quando as oportunidades de educação pública passaram a estender-se a significativas parcelas da população que antes estavam à margem deste processo. Busca-se com esta pesquisa identificar como a obrigatoriedade material de uso dos uniformes acompanhou a oferta de vagas à população mais carente de recursos. Ainda foi necessário buscar compreender um quadro geral acerca da história da educação no Brasil no período, de modo a conhecer os eventos que marcaram a história nacional e acabaram por influenciar as políticas públicas educacionais. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: a primeira parte é composta pela \"Apresentação\", na qual são descritos os objetivos da investigação e por um primeiro capítulo intitulado \"Modos de Produção do Trabalho\", em que são apresentadas as fontes consultadas e a forma como as mesmas foram exploradas e incorporadas ao estudo. A segunda parte traz considerações acerca da história da educação e elementos acerca da história do vestuário, constituindo o capítulo II. A terceira parte apresenta a análise do uniforme escolar enquanto objeto de estudo histórico a partir do exame das fontes e é constituída por quatro capítulos: III \"Decentemente trajados e com asseio\"; IV \"Criança Calçada, Criança Sadia!\"; V \"A professora não deve ir para a aula nem vestida de \'andar em casa\', nem como se fosse para uma festa\"; VI \"Deveres do bom aluno: capricho, ordem e limpeza\"; e um esforço de síntese busca retomar os principais elementos explicativos a que se chegou, sob a forma de \"Considerações finais\". / As the practical one of use of the pertaining to school uniforms if configured in the public schools of the state of São Paulo enters the years of 1950 the 1970? This work looks for to contribute for the understanding in the way by which the pertaining to school uniforms had been portraied by the educational press, either by means of articles signed for authors sanctioned for the field, either for the propagandas that intercalated the texts in question. It still intends to examine the perception of the pupils concerning the pertaining to school uniforms by means of the study of the pertaining to school periodical and the lapsings related to the use of this clothes in pedagogical manuals. Moreover, the effective educational legislation in the studied period complements the analysis. The studied period understands the time of expansion of the public school in the state of São Paulo, when the chances of public education had started to extend significant parcels to it of the population that before were to the edge of this process. One searchs with this research to identify as the material obligatoriness of use of the uniforms folloied offers of vacant the population most devoid of resources. Still it was necessary to search to understand a general picture concerning the history of the education in Brazil in the period, in order to know the events that had marked national history and had finished for influencing educational the public politics. The work is divided in three parts: the first part is composed for the \"Presentation\", in which the objectives of the inquiry are described and for a first intitled chapter \"Ways of Production of the Work\", where the consulted sources and the form are presented as the same ones had been explored and incorporated to the study. The second part brings reflections concerning history of the education and elements concerning the history of clothes, constituting chapter II. The third part presents the analysis of the pertaining to school uniform while object of historical study from the examination of the sources and is constituted by four chapters: III \"Decentemente trajados e com asseio\"; IV \"Criança Calçada, Criança Sadia!\"; V \"A professora não deve ir para a aula nem vestida de \'andar em casa\', nem como se fosse para uma festa\"; VI \"Deveres do bom aluno: capricho, ordem e limpeza\"; e a synthesis effort searchs to retake the main clarifying elements the one that if arrived, under the form of \"Considerações finais\".

Nesta tese de doutorado foram tomados como objeto de análise os livros usados pelos normalistas quando eles estudaram as questões relativas ao ofício de ensinar. Chamados aqui de manuais pedagógicos, esses textos começaram a ser publicados em períodos muito próximos em Portugal e no Brasil. A primeira edição encontrada datou de 1870 e outras foram sendo produzidas durante um século, aproximadamente, quando os livros passaram por transformações significativas em seu conteúdo e materialidade. Nesse período, eles apresentaram uma síntese do que se considerou ser o melhor da bibliografia usada pelos educadores. Isso porque seu intuito foi iniciar os estudantes no trabalho docente, reunindo, de forma fácil e acessível à leitura realizada pelos futuros professores, as referências nucleares para realizar tal atividade. Assim organizados, esses conhecimentos fundamentaram os modos pelos quais a escola foi concebida, pois explicaram as características dos vários elementos de sua cultura, compreendendo não só o papel do professor, como também a estrutura organizacional da escola, as tarefas do aluno e os métodos para conduzir a aula. Esses aspectos formaram uma espécie de gramática do ensino, difundida nas mais diversas partes do mundo e que não foi pensada como a modalidade mais apropriada, mas sim como a única forma imaginável de escolarização. Uma expansão como essa articulou-se à circulação intra e internacional de conhecimentos produzidos em diversos espaços, épocas e áreas de saber, os quais foram usados pelos profissionais da educação para construírem as suas proposições sobre o ensino. As lógicas desse processo de produção e apropriação de idéias foram examinadas aqui a partir da metáfora da viagem feita pelas referências usadas em diferentes lugares e momentos. Em outras palavras, isso assinalou que os conhecimentos viajaram através dos manuais pedagógicos, quando eles citaram idéias de outros autores, encontradas em outras obras, feitas em vários países do globo. Por isso, a tese examinou e comparou as referências mencionadas nas produções portuguesas e brasileiras, com o objetivo de conhecer quais informações foram selecionadas e como as mesmas foram articuladas ao se construírem as representações sobre a escola. Assim, a história dos manuais pedagógicos elaborada na presente tese atentou para os modos pelos quais eles produziram saberes e colaboraram para difundir o modelo de escolarização entre os professores. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze textbooks used in teacher education that dealt with issues of teaching. They are referred here as pedagogic manuals and began to be published in the same period in Portugal and Brazil. The first edition found is from 1870 and other were produced during the next century, when these books had significant changes in their content and materiality. In this period the manuals presented a synthesis of the best of the bibliography used by educators. Their goal was to initiate students in the teaching job, gathering, in an easy and accessible way, the fundamental references to the work. Organized in this way, this knowledge supported the ways in which school was conceived, because it explained the characteristics of the various elements of its culture, including not only the role of the teacher, but also the organization of the school, students tasks and the methods of conducing a classroom. These aspects became a kind of teaching grammar, that spread to many regions of the world. This grammar was thought as the only imaginable way of schooling. Such an expansion was linked to the national and international circulation of knowledge, which was produced in several areas and times, and was used by the education professionals to build their own propositions on teaching. The logics of these processes of production and appropriation of ideas were examined here using the metaphor of the journey made by the references, when they were used in different places and moments. In another words, we show that the knowledge traveled through the pedagogic manuals when they quote authors and ideas found in another countries. That\'s the reason why, in this thesis, the references found in the manuals from Portugal and Brazil were examined and compared: trying to understand which information was selected and how they were used to build representations on the school. So, the history of pedagogic manuals built in this work dealt with the ways they produced knowledge and contributed to diffuse the schooling model among teachers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Vidouto Brandespim Santander.pdf: 9870328 bytes, checksum: 43286e3f7663236f18757decb093c949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-31 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The objective of this research was to investigate the contribution of teacher Sylvio de Lima Nepomuceno in the rebuilding of the History of Mathematics Education at the time of influence of the Modern Mathematics Movement (MMM). The choice of this teacher as part of this research is due to the fact he had registered his long experience as a teacher on a collection of textbooks and by his participation in the Research Group for the Teaching of Mathematics on training teachers. The theoretical support was supported in the ideas of authors such as the French researcher André Chervel, 1990 in his article History of school subjects: reflections on a search field and the ideas of Alain Choppin in his article History of books and educational editions: about the state of the art . The textbook, as a source of survey research in the history of school subjects, has an important role in that his analysis allows to see how the authors were appropriated or recommendations of the laws in a given period. We believe that the educational collection analyzed, geared to the ideals of the MMM, although with restrictions of the author, particularly as it referred to methodological issues and language. Sylvio de Lima Nepomuceno, to seek ways to improve was a good model of mathematics teacher, has been working to participate in study groups, of Olympics of Mathematics and production of educational material in this way contributing to the teaching of Mathematics in Brazil / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a contribuição do professor Sylvio de Lima Nepomuceno na reconstituição da História da Educação Matemática, ao tempo de influência do Movimento da Matemática Moderna (MMM). A escolha desse professor, como participante desta pesquisa, se deve ao fato de ele ter registrado sua longa experiência, como professor, numa coleção de livros didáticos e pela sua participação no Grupo de Estudos do Ensino da Matemática (GEEM), na formação de professores. A sustentação teórica foi apoiada nas idéias de autores, como o pesquisador francês André Chervel, 1990 no seu artigo História das disciplinas escolares: reflexões sobre um campo de pesquisa; e das idéias de Alain Choppin, em seu artigo História dos livros e das edições didáticas: sobre o estado da arte. O livro didático, como fonte de pesquisa na investigação da história da disciplina escolar, tem um papel importante na medida em que sua análise possibilita verificar como os autores se apropriaram das legislações ou recomendações num determinado período. Consideramos que a coleção didática analisada pautava-se no ideário do MMM, embora com restrições do autor, especialmente no que se referiam as questões metodológicas e de linguagem. Sylvio de Lima Nepomuceno, ao buscar caminhos para se aperfeiçoar, constituiuse num bom modelo de professor de Matemática, foi atuante ao participar de grupos de estudo, das Olimpíadas de Matemática e na produção de material didático contribuindo dessa maneira para o ensino da Matemática no Brasil

When Australian law teaching began in 1857, few lawyers in common-law systems had studied law at university. The University of Melbourne's new course joined the early stages of a dual transformation, of legal training into university study and of contemporary common law into an academic discipline. Victoria's Supreme Court immediately gave the law school what was known in America as 'diploma privilege': its students could enter legal practice without passing a separate admission exam. Soon university study became mandatory for locally trained lawyers, ensuring the law school's survival but placing it at the centre of disputes over the kind of education the profession should receive. Friction between practitioners and academics hinted at the negotiation of new roles as university study shifted legal training further from its apprenticeship origins. The structure of the university (linked to the judiciary through membership of its governing council) and the profession (whose organisations did not control the admission of new practitioners) aided the law school's efforts to defend both its training role and its curriculum against outside attack. / Legal academics turned increasingly to the social sciences to maintain law's claim to be not only a professional skill, but an academic discipline. A research-based and reform-oriented theory of law appealed to the nascent academic profession, linking it to legal practice and the development of public policy but at the same time marking out for the law school a domain of its own. American ideas informed thinking about research and, in particular, pedagogy, although the university's slender financial resources, dependent on government grants, limited change until after World War II. In other ways the law school consciously departed from American models. It taught undergraduate, not graduate, students, and its curriculum included history, jurisprudence and non-legal subjects alongside legal doctrine. Its few professors specialised in public law and jurisprudence, leaving private law to a corps of part-time practitioner-teachers. The result was a distinctive model of state-certified compulsory education in both legal doctrine and the history and social meanings of law.

<p>This dissertation deals with geometry instruction in Sweden in the period 1905-1962. The purpose is to investigate textbooks and other literature used by teachers in elementary schools (ES) and lower secondary schools (LSS) – Folkskolan and Realskolan – connection to geometry instruction. Special attention is given to debates about why a course should be taught and how the content should be communicated.</p><p>In the period 1905-1962, the Swedish school system changed greatly. Moreover, in this period mathematics instruction was reformed in several countries and geometry was a major issue; especially, classical geometry based on the axiomatic method. However, we do not really know how mathematics instruction changed in Sweden. Moreover, in the very few works where the history of mathematics instruction in Sweden is mentioned, the time before 1950 is often described in terms of “traditional”, “static” and “isolation”.</p><p>In this dissertation, I show that geometry instruction in Sweden did change in the period 1905-1962: geometry instruction in LSS was debated; the axiomatic method and spatial intuition were major issues. Textbooks for LSS not following Euclid were produced also, but the axiomatic method was kept. By 1930, these alternative textbooks were the most popular.</p><p>Also the textbooks in ES changed. In the debate about geometry instruction in ES, visualizability was a central concept. </p><p>Nonetheless, some features did not change. Throughout the period, the rationale for keeping axiomatic geometry in LSS was to provide training in reasoning. An important aspect of the debate on geometry instruction in LSS is that the axiomatic method was the dominating issue; other issues, e.g. heuristics, were not discussed. I argue that a discussion on heuristics would have been relevant considering the final exams in the LSS; in order to succeed, it was more important to be a skilled problem solver than a master of proof.</p>

This dissertation deals with geometry instruction in Sweden in the period 1905-1962. The purpose is to investigate textbooks and other literature used by teachers in elementary schools (ES) and lower secondary schools (LSS) – Folkskolan and Realskolan – connection to geometry instruction. Special attention is given to debates about why a course should be taught and how the content should be communicated. In the period 1905-1962, the Swedish school system changed greatly. Moreover, in this period mathematics instruction was reformed in several countries and geometry was a major issue; especially, classical geometry based on the axiomatic method. However, we do not really know how mathematics instruction changed in Sweden. Moreover, in the very few works where the history of mathematics instruction in Sweden is mentioned, the time before 1950 is often described in terms of “traditional”, “static” and “isolation”. In this dissertation, I show that geometry instruction in Sweden did change in the period 1905-1962: geometry instruction in LSS was debated; the axiomatic method and spatial intuition were major issues. Textbooks for LSS not following Euclid were produced also, but the axiomatic method was kept. By 1930, these alternative textbooks were the most popular. Also the textbooks in ES changed. In the debate about geometry instruction in ES, visualizability was a central concept. Nonetheless, some features did not change. Throughout the period, the rationale for keeping axiomatic geometry in LSS was to provide training in reasoning. An important aspect of the debate on geometry instruction in LSS is that the axiomatic method was the dominating issue; other issues, e.g. heuristics, were not discussed. I argue that a discussion on heuristics would have been relevant considering the final exams in the LSS; in order to succeed, it was more important to be a skilled problem solver than a master of proof.

Este trabajo estudia las condiciones sociales e institucionales que marcaron el inicio de la Didáctica de las Matemáticas como contenido de enseñanza y se describen las características que adoptó en esta primera época. Se centra en la aritmética y la cuestión central del estudio es: ¿Cómo se preparaba a los futuros maestros para enseñar aritmética en la escuela, desde la creación de las Escuelas Normales, durante el segundo tercio del siglo XIX? Esa formación se adquiría por una triple vía: las clases de aritmética en las Escuelas Normales, los estudios sobre Metodología de la aritmética que se impartían en una asignatura pedagógica y las prácticas en las escuelas primarias anejas a las Normales. Es un trabajo sobre la Historia de las disciplinas escolares, particularizada al caso de la aritmética en una institución naciente: las Escuelas Normales. Su temática y los métodos de análisis utilizados le confieren un carácter interdisciplinar. / The primary goal of this thesis is to study the social and institutional conditions that influenced the early stages of the art of teaching mathematics in Spain. It is focused on arithmetic and the main question of the study is: How were teachers prepared for teaching arithmetic in school since the creation of the Escuelas Normales, during the second third of the 19th Century? That training was provided in three ways: the arithmetic lessons imparted in the Escuelas Normales, the studies on arithmetic methodology imparted during a pedagogy subject, and a traineeship in one of the primary schools that were adjacent to the Escuelas Normales. This work is about history of school subjects, and in particular arithmetic in the then just born Spanish institution of the Escuelas Normales. Its subject and analysis methods make it an interdisciplinary research.