O presente estudo trata, a partir de uma abordagem crítica do debate no campo dos Direitos Humanos, da análise do extermínio de crianças e adolescentes no Rio de Janeiro, tendo em perspectiva que esses homicídios retratam a criminalização da pobreza como principal mecanismo de ação do Estado diante do agravamento da questão social e suas expressões. Inicialmente, a apresentação do arcabouço conceitual referencia as particularidades das violações dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes no contexto da formação sociohistórica brasileira, trazendo o debate na constituição do mito das classes perigosas. Em seguida procuramos compreender o contexto da crise capitalista contemporânea e a trajetória da consecução de direitos para crianças e adolescentes, circunscritos entre os avanços legais e o adensamento do processo de criminalização da infância e juventude pauperizada. Concluímos com a análise dos índices de homicídios da Região Metropolitana, a partir dos anos 90, abordando-os como resultado de um processo sistemático de extermínio de crianças e adolescentes, a culminância da violência cotidiana a qual estão submetidas, em contraposição a doutrina da proteção integral e da universalização de direitos. / This work comes from a critical approach to the debate in the field of Human Rights, the analysis of the extermination of children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, taking into perspective that these homicides portray the criminalization of poverty as the main mechanism of action of the State due to the worsening of the "social question" and its expressions. Initially, the presentation of the conceptual framework references the particular violations of the rights of children and adolescents in the context of the Brazilian socio-historical formation, bringing the debate on the constitution of the myth of the "dangerous classes. Then try to understand the context of contemporary capitalist crisis and the trajectory of achieving rights for children and adolescents between the circumscribed legal advances and the thickening of the criminalization of children and impoverished youth process. We conclude with an analysis of homicide rates in the Metropolitan Region, from 90s, approaching them as a result of a systematic process of extermination of children and adolescents, the culmination of everyday violence which are submitted in opposition to the doctrine of protection comprehensive and universal rights.

Introdução: As mortes por homicídio ocupam posição de destaque, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros. Para a mídia e a opinião pública, homicídios associados ao uso e à venda de drogas são a face mais atemorizante e visível da violência urbana. Objetivos: Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o perfil e o padrão de distribuição das vítimas de homicídios, em Porto Alegre, em 2007, buscando identificar áreas críticas, ou seja, áreas de maior intensidade de homicídios, e conhecer as características socioeconômicas dessas áreas. Método: Estudo transversal dos casos de homicídios ocorridos em Porto Alegre, no ano de 2007. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e análise espacial de Kernel, para a distribuição das residências das vítimas de homicídios e identificação da densidade populacional. Conforme as taxas de homicídios, os bairros foram agrupados e comparados segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos. Resultados: A maioria das vítimas era jovem e do sexo masculino. O grupo etário mais atingido foi o de 20 a 29 anos (adultos jovens). Com relação às causas básicas de morte, a arma de fogo foi o meio mais utilizado para cometer os homicídios. Foi possível identificar áreas críticas, com maior intensidade de homicídios, regiões que coincidem com a existência de vilas irregulares, em condições precárias. Verificou-se, ainda, a existência de uma rota de expansão dos homicídios, em direção ao norte da cidade. Além disso, observou-se que o grupo de bairros com maiores taxas de homicídios apresentou piores condições socioeconômicas. Conclusões: Foram constatadas regiões críticas da violência na cidade de Porto Alegre, com alta concentração de vítimas de homicídios. Poder-se-ia pensar numa forma de desenvolver programas de prevenção para a redução dos homicídios nessas áreas. Desse modo, é possível apontar os melhores locais para os pontos de apoio dos órgãos de segurança pública, para que sejam avaliados os recursos e serviços disponíveis e, dessa forma, otimizados os investimentos. A população que reside nessas áreas críticas poderia ser, portanto, beneficiada por um maior controle e segurança. / Introduction: The number of deceases by homicides are high, numbers that are even higher mainly in big cities in Brazil. For the media and the public opinion, the homicides that are linked to the usage and commerce of drugs are the scariest and most apparent situation of urban violence. Objectives: In this context, this research had as a goal the analysis of the profile and standards of the distribution of the homicides victims in Porto Alegre in 2007, trying to identify the most sensitive areas, i. e., areas where the number of homicides were even higher, and to know the social and economic characteristics of those areas. Methods: Transversal study of the homicides cases that happened in Porto Alegre in 2007. A descriptive study and Kernel spatial analysis were done, to measure the distribution of the residences of the victims of homicides and to identify the population density. Observing the rates of homicides, the neighborhoods were grouped and compared according to their social and economic characteristics. Results: The majority of the victims were young male. The age group that was higher was the one from 20 to 29 years old (young adults). Concerning the basic causes of death, the fire weapon was the most used means to commit homicides. It was possible to identify environmentally sensitive areas, with a higher number of homicides, in regions where there are illegal settlements, with precarious conditions. It was verified the existence of an expansions homicides route in the direction of the north of the city. Besides, it was observed that the group of neighborhoods with the highest rates of homicides presented the worst social and economic conditions. Conclusions: It was identified sensitive violent regions in Porto Alegre, with a high concentration of homicides victims. A program for reduction and prevention of homicides could be thought for those areas. In this way, it is possible to point out the best places for public security support unities, so that the available resources and services can be evaluated and, so, having optimized investments. The population that live in those sensitive areas could be, in this way, benefited by a better and higher control and security.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-23T18:16:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) AVALIAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS DO PACTO PELA VIDA E A DINÂMICA DOS HOMICÍDIOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PERNAMBUCO.pdf: 813607 bytes, checksum: 175b7201c79201fa8956106cc562ac43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) AVALIAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS DO PACTO PELA VIDA E A DINÂMICA DOS HOMICÍDIOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PERNAMBUCO.pdf: 813607 bytes, checksum: 175b7201c79201fa8956106cc562ac43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / CNPQ / A segurança pública tem se tornado um assunto relevante para a sociedade, dado o aumento das taxas de criminalidade em geral, e dos homicídios em particular, em todo o Brasil desde 1980. Inicialmente, a literatura nacional buscou explicar o fenômeno através de variáveis socioeconômicas, como o aumento da pobreza e da desigualdade social. Posteriormente, variáveis do sistema de segurança pública, como o aprisionamento e o gasto em segurança pública, foram incluídos nas análises. Nos últimos anos, tem crescido a posição que atribui a redução dos homicídios em alguns estados da federação à implantação de políticas de segurança pública. Contudo, estudos de avaliação dessas políticas ainda são escassos. Neste trabalho, buscamos avaliar os resultados alcançados pela política de segurança pública Pacto Pela Vida, implementada no estado de Pernambuco desde o ano de 2007. Inicialmente, fazemos uma exposição das explicações do crime e da segurança pública no Brasil. Apresentamos aspectos gerais da avaliação de políticas públicas e apresentamos o Pacto Pela Vida de Pernambuco: seu histórico, características e resultados alcançados a nível do estado. Posteriormente, analisamos descritivamente a dinâmica dos homicídios nos municípios de Pernambuco. Empregamos um modelo de regressão linear múltipla para testar as relações de associação das variáveis socioeconômicas com a taxa de homicídios. As variáveis socioeconômicas são o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal em suas três dimensões (Emprego&Renda, Educação e Saúde), o log do PIB per capita municipal e o log da densidade populacional. A variável dependente é a taxa de homicídios bayesiana empírica por cem mil habitantes dos municípios de Pernambuco. Testamos a hipótese de que haveria uma associação negativa entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e a taxa de homicídios. Encontramos, na realidade, associação positiva entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e a taxa de homicídios, à exceção do IFDM Educação, que apresentou associação negativa. Descritivamente, observamos a diminuição do número de roubo de automóveis em Pernambuco, assim como a diminuição da taxa de homicídios, embora essa última redução possa ser explicada, parcialmente, pelo aumento dos homicídios ocultos. Nas considerações finais, fazemos uma revisão dos resultados encontrados e apontamos possibilidades de pesquisas futuras. / Public security has become an important issue for society, given the increase in crime rates in general, and in particular homicides in Brazil since 1980. Initially, the national literature sought to explain the phenomenon by socioeconomic variables, such as increased poverty and social inequality. Subsequently, variables of the public security system, such as imprisonment and spending on public safety, were included in the analysis. In recent years, it has grown to position attributed the reduction of homicides in some states of the federation to the implementation of public security policies. However, these policy evaluation studies are still scarce. In this work, we evaluate the results achieved by the public security policy Pact for Life, implemented in the state of Pernambuco since 2007. Initially, we present an exposition of explanations of crime and public security in Brazil. We present general aspects of evaluation of public policies and present the Pact for the Pernambuco life: its history, characteristics and results achieved at the state level. Later, descriptively analyze the dynamics of homicide in the municipalities of Pernambuco. We use a multiple linear regression model to test the association relationship of socioeconomic variables with the homicide rate. Socioeconomic variables are the Municipal Development FIRJAN Index in its three dimensions (Employment & Income, Education and Health), the log of GDP per capita municipal and the log of population density. The dependent variable is the rate of empirical Bayes homicides per hundred thousand inhabitants of the municipalities of Pernambuco. We tested the hypothesis that there would be a negative association between socioeconomic variables and the homicide rate. We find, in fact, a positive association between socioeconomic variables and the homicide rate, except for FMDI Education, which presented a negative association. Descriptively, we observed a decrease in auto theft number in Pernambuco, as well as reducing the homicide rate, although the latter reduction can be explained partly by the increase in hidden homicides. In the final considerations, we review of the results and point out future research possibilities.

Most research that has examined the variation in homicide levels has examined their correlation with socioeconomic structural variables. In Latin America however, economic and social development has occurred, but high homicide levels remain, suggesting the involvement of other influencing factors. Recent research has established causal relationships between the role of state institutions and the numbers of homicides. I hypothesize that the perception of corruption may contribute in explaining the variation in homicide levels, and in particular in the Latin America region, because of grievance motivated violence. This hypothesis is tested through a quantitative method that includes more specifically linear regression analysis. My results show that there is no clear relationship between the perception of corruption and homicides on the global level. Nevertheless, the results show that the perception of corruption of the military influences homicides which highlights the importance of supporting the military in improving for example their transparency and accountability so that reductions in homicide can be achieved. The results in Latin America show that there is a negative strong relationship, suggesting that the lower the perception of corruption is, the higher the amount of homicides. This could be a result due to a lot of different reasons that get analyzed in this paper. More research, particularly in Latin America, is needed before drawing conclusions.

Contexte et objectifs. En 1995, le gouvernement canadien a promulgué la Loi C-68, rendant ainsi obligatoire l’enregistrement de toutes les armes à feu et affermissant les vérifications auprès des futurs propriétaires. Faute de preuves scientifiques crédibles, le potentiel de cette loi à prévenir les homicides est présentement remis en question. Tout en surmontant les biais potentiels retrouvés dans les évaluations antérieures, l’objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer l’effet de la Loi C-68 sur les homicides au Québec entre 1974 et 2006. Méthodologie. L’effet de la Loi C-68 est évalué à l’aide d’une analyse des bornes extrêmes. Les effets immédiats et graduels de la Loi sont évalués à l’aide de 372 équations. Brièvement, il s’agit d’analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues où toutes les combinaisons de variables indépendantes sont envisagées afin d’éviter les biais relatifs à une spécification arbitraire des modèles. Résultats. L’introduction de la Loi C-68 est associée à une baisse graduelle des homicides commis à l’aide d’armes longues (carabines et fusils de chasse), sans qu’aucun déplacement tactique ne soit observé. Les homicides commis par des armes à feu à autorisation restreinte ou prohibées semblent influencés par des facteurs différents. Conclusion. Les résultats suggèrent que le contrôle des armes à feu est une mesure efficace pour prévenir les homicides. L’absence de déplacement tactique suggère également que l’arme à feu constitue un important facilitateur et que les homicides ne sont pas tous prémédités. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour clairement identifier les mécanismes de la Loi responsables de la baisse des homicides. / Context and objectives. Laws with extensive background checks and making mandatory the registration of all guns have been adopted by some governments to prevent firearms-related homicides. On the other hand, methodological flaws found in previous evaluations question the potential of such laws to prevent gun homicides. By taking into account previous limitations, the main objective of this study is to estimate the effect of Bill C-68 on homicides committed in the Province of Quebec, Canada, between 1974 and 2006. Methodology. Using extreme bounds analysis, we assess the effect of Bill C-68 on homicides. Estimates of the immediate and gradual effects of the law are based on a total of 372 equations. More precisely, interrupted time series analyses were conducted, using all possible variable combinations, in order to overcome biases related to model specification. Results. We found that Bill C-68 is associated with a significant and gradual decline in homicides committed with a long gun (either a riffle or a shotgun). The substitution effects are not robust with respect to different model specifications. Patterns observed in homicides involving restricted or prohibited firearms suggest that they are influenced by different factors, not considered in our analyses. Conclusion. Results suggest that enhanced firearm control laws are an effective tool to prevent homicides. The lack of tactical displacement supports the concept of firearm as a crime facilitator and suggests that all homicides are not carefully planned. Other studies are however needed to pinpoint law provisions accountable for the decrease in homicides.

Objectifs. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’améliorer les connaissances quant à l’effet des interventions policières sur la violence imputable aux bandes criminelles. À travers l’évaluation des cinq plus importantes opérations policières réalisées entre 1991 et 2008 au Québec, trois modèles conceptuels sont confrontés : 1) celui du marché qui prévoit une hausse des affrontements entres bandes rivales dont le but est de prendre possession d’un marché criminel maintenant disponible en raison du retrait d’un joueur clé, 2) celui de la dissuasion qui prévoit une baisse des violences criminelles, et 3) celui de l’attrition qui envisage une baisse des violences en raison de l’essoufflement des bandes. Méthodologie. Les données de cette étude proviennent de l’Enquête générale sur les homicides de Statistique Canada. Différents taux d’homicides furent agrégés sur une base annuelle pour différentes provinces et régions métropolitaines de recensement. Des analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues furent ensuite réalisées pour estimer l’effet des interventions policières. Résultats. L’opération Printemps 2001 est la seule intervention policière à être associée à une baisse significative des homicides reliés aux bandes criminelles. « Sans-Frontière », « Colisée » et les deux escouades Carcajou de Montréal et de Québec, n’ont produit aucun effet préventif notable. Au contraire, Carcajou Montréal et Québec ont été associées à une hausse des homicides liés aux gangs. Conclusion. Les présents résultats appuient davantage la thèse de la dissuasion que celles du marché ou de l’attrition. Afin de produire un effet de dissuasion, les résultats suggèrent que l’intervention policière doit : 1) cibler un nombre important de membres de l’organisation criminelle, 2) s’attaquer aux têtes dirigeantes, 3) assurer la neutralisation des membres de l’organisation, et 4) assurer la diffusion du message pénal auprès des délinquants concernés. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour estimer l’effet des interventions policières dans d’autres contextes. / Objectives. The objective of this dissertation is to further our understanding about the effects of police interventions on gang-related violence. Using the five most importance police strikes conducted in the Province of Quebec between 1991 and 2008, the relevance of three conceptual frameworks is compared: (1) the market thesis that predicts an increase in gang-related violence for the possession of illicit markets, following the withdrawal of a key player, (2) the deterrence/neutralization model that predicts a decrease in gang-related violence, and (3) the attrition model which predicts a gradual decline in violence (due to losses suffered by each party during a conflict). Methodology. Data come from the Homicide Surveys conducted by Statistics Canada. Various homicide rates were aggregated on an annual basis for different Canadian Provinces and metropolitan census areas. Pooled time series analyses were then conducted to estimate effects of police interventions. Results. Operation “Printemps 2001” is the sole police intervention to be associated with a significant decline in gang-related homicides. “Sans-Frontières”, “Colisée”, and both Wolverine squads, launched in the cities of Quebec and Montreal, did not produce any noticeable preventive effect. On the opposite, Wolverine Quebec was associated with an increase in gang-related homicides. Conclusion. The present results rather support the deterrence thesis than the market and attrition models. In order to produce deterrence, police interventions have to: (1) target a significant fraction of the members of the criminal organization, (2) target the leaders, (3) neutralize members of the organization, and (4) make sure that likely sanctions are known by potential offenders. Other studies are, however, required to estimate the impact of police interventions in other settings.

Contexte et objectifs. En 1995, le gouvernement canadien a promulgué la Loi C-68, rendant ainsi obligatoire l’enregistrement de toutes les armes à feu et affermissant les vérifications auprès des futurs propriétaires. Faute de preuves scientifiques crédibles, le potentiel de cette loi à prévenir les homicides est présentement remis en question. Tout en surmontant les biais potentiels retrouvés dans les évaluations antérieures, l’objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer l’effet de la Loi C-68 sur les homicides au Québec entre 1974 et 2006. Méthodologie. L’effet de la Loi C-68 est évalué à l’aide d’une analyse des bornes extrêmes. Les effets immédiats et graduels de la Loi sont évalués à l’aide de 372 équations. Brièvement, il s’agit d’analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues où toutes les combinaisons de variables indépendantes sont envisagées afin d’éviter les biais relatifs à une spécification arbitraire des modèles. Résultats. L’introduction de la Loi C-68 est associée à une baisse graduelle des homicides commis à l’aide d’armes longues (carabines et fusils de chasse), sans qu’aucun déplacement tactique ne soit observé. Les homicides commis par des armes à feu à autorisation restreinte ou prohibées semblent influencés par des facteurs différents. Conclusion. Les résultats suggèrent que le contrôle des armes à feu est une mesure efficace pour prévenir les homicides. L’absence de déplacement tactique suggère également que l’arme à feu constitue un important facilitateur et que les homicides ne sont pas tous prémédités. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour clairement identifier les mécanismes de la Loi responsables de la baisse des homicides. / Context and objectives. Laws with extensive background checks and making mandatory the registration of all guns have been adopted by some governments to prevent firearms-related homicides. On the other hand, methodological flaws found in previous evaluations question the potential of such laws to prevent gun homicides. By taking into account previous limitations, the main objective of this study is to estimate the effect of Bill C-68 on homicides committed in the Province of Quebec, Canada, between 1974 and 2006. Methodology. Using extreme bounds analysis, we assess the effect of Bill C-68 on homicides. Estimates of the immediate and gradual effects of the law are based on a total of 372 equations. More precisely, interrupted time series analyses were conducted, using all possible variable combinations, in order to overcome biases related to model specification. Results. We found that Bill C-68 is associated with a significant and gradual decline in homicides committed with a long gun (either a riffle or a shotgun). The substitution effects are not robust with respect to different model specifications. Patterns observed in homicides involving restricted or prohibited firearms suggest that they are influenced by different factors, not considered in our analyses. Conclusion. Results suggest that enhanced firearm control laws are an effective tool to prevent homicides. The lack of tactical displacement supports the concept of firearm as a crime facilitator and suggests that all homicides are not carefully planned. Other studies are however needed to pinpoint law provisions accountable for the decrease in homicides.

Objectifs. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’améliorer les connaissances quant à l’effet des interventions policières sur la violence imputable aux bandes criminelles. À travers l’évaluation des cinq plus importantes opérations policières réalisées entre 1991 et 2008 au Québec, trois modèles conceptuels sont confrontés : 1) celui du marché qui prévoit une hausse des affrontements entres bandes rivales dont le but est de prendre possession d’un marché criminel maintenant disponible en raison du retrait d’un joueur clé, 2) celui de la dissuasion qui prévoit une baisse des violences criminelles, et 3) celui de l’attrition qui envisage une baisse des violences en raison de l’essoufflement des bandes. Méthodologie. Les données de cette étude proviennent de l’Enquête générale sur les homicides de Statistique Canada. Différents taux d’homicides furent agrégés sur une base annuelle pour différentes provinces et régions métropolitaines de recensement. Des analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues furent ensuite réalisées pour estimer l’effet des interventions policières. Résultats. L’opération Printemps 2001 est la seule intervention policière à être associée à une baisse significative des homicides reliés aux bandes criminelles. « Sans-Frontière », « Colisée » et les deux escouades Carcajou de Montréal et de Québec, n’ont produit aucun effet préventif notable. Au contraire, Carcajou Montréal et Québec ont été associées à une hausse des homicides liés aux gangs. Conclusion. Les présents résultats appuient davantage la thèse de la dissuasion que celles du marché ou de l’attrition. Afin de produire un effet de dissuasion, les résultats suggèrent que l’intervention policière doit : 1) cibler un nombre important de membres de l’organisation criminelle, 2) s’attaquer aux têtes dirigeantes, 3) assurer la neutralisation des membres de l’organisation, et 4) assurer la diffusion du message pénal auprès des délinquants concernés. D’autres études sont toutefois nécessaires pour estimer l’effet des interventions policières dans d’autres contextes. / Objectives. The objective of this dissertation is to further our understanding about the effects of police interventions on gang-related violence. Using the five most importance police strikes conducted in the Province of Quebec between 1991 and 2008, the relevance of three conceptual frameworks is compared: (1) the market thesis that predicts an increase in gang-related violence for the possession of illicit markets, following the withdrawal of a key player, (2) the deterrence/neutralization model that predicts a decrease in gang-related violence, and (3) the attrition model which predicts a gradual decline in violence (due to losses suffered by each party during a conflict). Methodology. Data come from the Homicide Surveys conducted by Statistics Canada. Various homicide rates were aggregated on an annual basis for different Canadian Provinces and metropolitan census areas. Pooled time series analyses were then conducted to estimate effects of police interventions. Results. Operation “Printemps 2001” is the sole police intervention to be associated with a significant decline in gang-related homicides. “Sans-Frontières”, “Colisée”, and both Wolverine squads, launched in the cities of Quebec and Montreal, did not produce any noticeable preventive effect. On the opposite, Wolverine Quebec was associated with an increase in gang-related homicides. Conclusion. The present results rather support the deterrence thesis than the market and attrition models. In order to produce deterrence, police interventions have to: (1) target a significant fraction of the members of the criminal organization, (2) target the leaders, (3) neutralize members of the organization, and (4) make sure that likely sanctions are known by potential offenders. Other studies are, however, required to estimate the impact of police interventions in other settings.

Objetivo: Estudar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por Homicídios, Acidentes de Transporte e Suicídios no município de Belo Horizonte e Região Metropolitana, na série histórica de 1980 a 2000. Métodos: O estudo apresenta um desenho ecológico, do tipo série histórica. Os indicadores de mortalidade foram os coeficientes específicos por sexo, idade e gerais padronizados; a mortalidade proporcional; a razão de mortalidade segundo sexo e idade e os incrementos / decrementos percentuais. A população utilizada como padrão foi a de 1980. Os óbitos por Homicídios, Acidentes de Transporte e Suicídios e as estimativas populacionais, segundo o ano calendário, sexo, idade e município de residência foram extraídos da base de dados do DATASUS. No período entre 1980 e 1995, os óbitos foram codificados, segundo a IX Classificação Internacional de Doenças - CID 9ª Revisão, e, a partir de 1996, segundo a CID - 10ª Revisão. A análise de tendência temporal foi desenvolvida no software SPSS para Windows, utilizando-se a técnica de regressão linear simples, com nível de significância (? < 0,05). Resultados: Nas duas regiões geográficas, os indicadores de mortalidade apresentaram maior magnitude para o sexo masculino. A razão de coeficientes específicos de mortalidade apresentou maior magnitude nas faixas etárias entre 20 e 49 anos. Os coeficientes específicos de mortalidade por Homicídios apresentaram maior magnitude na região Metropolitana e os Suicídios e Acidentes de Transporte, em Belo Horizonte. Os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade por Homicídios e Suicídios, em ambas regiões e sexos, ocorreram entre a faixa de 15 a 49 anos, e por Acidentes de Transporte, na faixa etária de \"70 anos e mais\". Com relação à variação percentual dos coeficientes de mortalidade, verificaram-se incrementos percentuais para os Homicídios, exceto na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, ocorrendo decrementos destes indicadores para os Acidentes de Transporte, em todas as faixas etárias. Os Suicídios, mesmo com oscilações, apresentaram incrementos nas faixas etárias de \"15 a 19 anos\" e \"40 a 49 anos\". As tendências dos coeficientes específicos de mortalidade, ao longo da série, apresentaram ascensão para os Homicídios (p < 0,05), exceto, na faixa etária de \"40 a 49 anos\". Os Acidentes de Transporte apresentaram tendência de declínio ou estabilização, ao longo do período. Para os Suicídios ocorreu uma tendência de ascensão no sexo masculino, na faixa etária de \"20 a 29\" e de \"40 a 49 anos\". A tendência dos coeficientes gerais padronizados de mortalidade por Homicídios, em ambas regiões, apresentou um padrão de ascensão (p < 0,05). Nos Acidentes de Transporte e nos Suicídios observou-se uma tendência de estabilização, com um discreto declínio no sexo feminino.(p < 0,05). Conclusão: A evolução dos coeficientes, ao longo da série histórica, evidenciou a importância epidemiológica dos três grupos de causas externas, entre as quais destacaram-se os Homicídios, em ambas as regiões estudadas. Considerando os diferentes espaços geográficos e, as desigualdades sócio-espaciais, esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de implantação de programas efetivos de promoção e prevenção em saúde, direcionados para os jovens, adultos e idosos, principalmente do sexo masculino. Tais medidas podem contribuir para o controle e para a diminuição da expansão destes agravos, de fundamental importância para a Saúde Pública. / Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of mortality from Homicides, Traffic Accidents and Suicides in Belo Horizonte and its Metropolitan Region, Brazil, in a historical time series from 1980 to 2000. Methods: The study adopts an ecological design, by means of a time series. The mortality indices used were the age-specific and general standardized coefficients, proportional mortality, mortality rates according to gender and percentage increases / decreases. The 1980 population was as standard Homicides, Traffic Accidents and Suicides deaths and population estimates, according to calendar year, gender, age and city of residence were extracted from the DATASUS database. For the period between 1980 and 1995, deaths were coded according to the IX International Classification of Diseases - ICD 9th Review and, from 1996 onwards, according to the ICD - 10th Review. The temporal tendency analysis was carried out using SPSS software for Windows, by means of the simple linear regression technique, with an ? < 0,05 significance level. Results: In both regions, mortality rates were higher among men. The age-specific mortality coefficient ratio was higher in the age ranges from 20 to 49 years. While age-specific Homicides mortality rates were more elevated in the Metropolitan region, a larger number of Suicides and Traffic Accidents occurred in Belo Horizonte. For both regions and genders, the highest Homicides and Suicides mortality rates occurred in the age range from 15 to 49 years, while Traffic Accidents deaths were highest in the range of \"70 years and older\". Concerning the percentage variation in mortality coefficients, a percentage increase occurred for Homicides, except in the age range from 40 to 49 years, while Traffic Accidents mortality rates decreased along all age ranges. In spite of oscillations, Suicides deaths increased in the group \"15 to 19 years\" and from \"40 to 49 years\". The time series displayed a rising tendency in specific Homicides mortality rates (p < 0,05), except in the age group \"40 to 49 years\". Traffic Accidents revealed a downward or stabilizing tendency throughout the period. For Suicides, an upward tendency appeared among men between \"20 and 29\" and between \"40 and 49\" years old. In both regions, there was a rising tendency in the general standardized Homicide mortality rates (p < 0,05). A stabilizing tendency was observed for Traffic Accidents and Suicides, with a slight decrease among women.(p < 0,05). Conclusion: The evolution in mortality rates in the time series disclosed the epidemiological importance of these three groups of external causes, especially Homicides, in both regions. In view of different geographical areas and socio-spatial inequalities, these results point towards the need to implant efficient health promotion and prevention programs, mostly at men, aimed young, adult and aged persons. These measures can contribute to the control and decrease in the expansion of these harmful situations, which is essential for Public Health.

Objetivo: Estudar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por Homicídios, Acidentes de Transporte e Suicídios no município de Belo Horizonte e Região Metropolitana, na série histórica de 1980 a 2000. Métodos: O estudo apresenta um desenho ecológico, do tipo série histórica. Os indicadores de mortalidade foram os coeficientes específicos por sexo, idade e gerais padronizados; a mortalidade proporcional; a razão de mortalidade segundo sexo e idade e os incrementos / decrementos percentuais. A população utilizada como padrão foi a de 1980. Os óbitos por Homicídios, Acidentes de Transporte e Suicídios e as estimativas populacionais, segundo o ano calendário, sexo, idade e município de residência foram extraídos da base de dados do DATASUS. No período entre 1980 e 1995, os óbitos foram codificados, segundo a IX Classificação Internacional de Doenças - CID 9ª Revisão, e, a partir de 1996, segundo a CID - 10ª Revisão. A análise de tendência temporal foi desenvolvida no software SPSS para Windows, utilizando-se a técnica de regressão linear simples, com nível de significância (? < 0,05). Resultados: Nas duas regiões geográficas, os indicadores de mortalidade apresentaram maior magnitude para o sexo masculino. A razão de coeficientes específicos de mortalidade apresentou maior magnitude nas faixas etárias entre 20 e 49 anos. Os coeficientes específicos de mortalidade por Homicídios apresentaram maior magnitude na região Metropolitana e os Suicídios e Acidentes de Transporte, em Belo Horizonte. Os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade por Homicídios e Suicídios, em ambas regiões e sexos, ocorreram entre a faixa de 15 a 49 anos, e por Acidentes de Transporte, na faixa etária de \"70 anos e mais\". Com relação à variação percentual dos coeficientes de mortalidade, verificaram-se incrementos percentuais para os Homicídios, exceto na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, ocorrendo decrementos destes indicadores para os Acidentes de Transporte, em todas as faixas etárias. Os Suicídios, mesmo com oscilações, apresentaram incrementos nas faixas etárias de \"15 a 19 anos\" e \"40 a 49 anos\". As tendências dos coeficientes específicos de mortalidade, ao longo da série, apresentaram ascensão para os Homicídios (p < 0,05), exceto, na faixa etária de \"40 a 49 anos\". Os Acidentes de Transporte apresentaram tendência de declínio ou estabilização, ao longo do período. Para os Suicídios ocorreu uma tendência de ascensão no sexo masculino, na faixa etária de \"20 a 29\" e de \"40 a 49 anos\". A tendência dos coeficientes gerais padronizados de mortalidade por Homicídios, em ambas regiões, apresentou um padrão de ascensão (p < 0,05). Nos Acidentes de Transporte e nos Suicídios observou-se uma tendência de estabilização, com um discreto declínio no sexo feminino.(p < 0,05). Conclusão: A evolução dos coeficientes, ao longo da série histórica, evidenciou a importância epidemiológica dos três grupos de causas externas, entre as quais destacaram-se os Homicídios, em ambas as regiões estudadas. Considerando os diferentes espaços geográficos e, as desigualdades sócio-espaciais, esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de implantação de programas efetivos de promoção e prevenção em saúde, direcionados para os jovens, adultos e idosos, principalmente do sexo masculino. Tais medidas podem contribuir para o controle e para a diminuição da expansão destes agravos, de fundamental importância para a Saúde Pública. / Objective: To study the epidemiological profile of mortality from Homicides, Traffic Accidents and Suicides in Belo Horizonte and its Metropolitan Region, Brazil, in a historical time series from 1980 to 2000. Methods: The study adopts an ecological design, by means of a time series. The mortality indices used were the age-specific and general standardized coefficients, proportional mortality, mortality rates according to gender and percentage increases / decreases. The 1980 population was as standard Homicides, Traffic Accidents and Suicides deaths and population estimates, according to calendar year, gender, age and city of residence were extracted from the DATASUS database. For the period between 1980 and 1995, deaths were coded according to the IX International Classification of Diseases - ICD 9th Review and, from 1996 onwards, according to the ICD - 10th Review. The temporal tendency analysis was carried out using SPSS software for Windows, by means of the simple linear regression technique, with an ? < 0,05 significance level. Results: In both regions, mortality rates were higher among men. The age-specific mortality coefficient ratio was higher in the age ranges from 20 to 49 years. While age-specific Homicides mortality rates were more elevated in the Metropolitan region, a larger number of Suicides and Traffic Accidents occurred in Belo Horizonte. For both regions and genders, the highest Homicides and Suicides mortality rates occurred in the age range from 15 to 49 years, while Traffic Accidents deaths were highest in the range of \"70 years and older\". Concerning the percentage variation in mortality coefficients, a percentage increase occurred for Homicides, except in the age range from 40 to 49 years, while Traffic Accidents mortality rates decreased along all age ranges. In spite of oscillations, Suicides deaths increased in the group \"15 to 19 years\" and from \"40 to 49 years\". The time series displayed a rising tendency in specific Homicides mortality rates (p < 0,05), except in the age group \"40 to 49 years\". Traffic Accidents revealed a downward or stabilizing tendency throughout the period. For Suicides, an upward tendency appeared among men between \"20 and 29\" and between \"40 and 49\" years old. In both regions, there was a rising tendency in the general standardized Homicide mortality rates (p < 0,05). A stabilizing tendency was observed for Traffic Accidents and Suicides, with a slight decrease among women.(p < 0,05). Conclusion: The evolution in mortality rates in the time series disclosed the epidemiological importance of these three groups of external causes, especially Homicides, in both regions. In view of different geographical areas and socio-spatial inequalities, these results point towards the need to implant efficient health promotion and prevention programs, mostly at men, aimed young, adult and aged persons. These measures can contribute to the control and decrease in the expansion of these harmful situations, which is essential for Public Health.