Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "December, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-89). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientador: Percília Cardoso Giaquinto / Resumo: As abelhas têm grande importância na polinização; no entanto, o desaparecimento e morte de colônias de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) têm aumentado em várias regiões do mundo, prejudicando a sobrevivência da espécie e a estrutura dos ecossistemas. O uso de agrotóxicos em cultivos agrícolas vem sendo apontado como um dos fatores responsáveis pela intensificação do desaparecimento das abelhas. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a toxicidade, as alterações comportamentais e motoras de abelhas campeiras de A. mellifera expostas aos herbicidas 2,4-D e glifosato, isolados ou associados, por testes de ingestão e contato. Para determinação da dose letal (DL50) foi analisada a mortalidade de abelhas expostas a diferentes doses dos herbicidas por contato e ingestão por 24 horas. A atividade motora das abelhas expostas aos herbicidas glifosato, 2,4-D e associação de ambos foi avaliada 4 e 24 horas após sua exposição utilizando caixa de observação comportamental. As DL50 encontradas dos herbicidas glifosato e 2,4-D foram respectivamente: 273,93 e 127,70 µg/abelha para ingestão e 255,73 e 97,09 µg/abelha para contato. As doses subletais dos herbicidas glifosato e 2,4-D foram, respectivamente: 5,47 e 2,55 µg/abelha para ingestão e 5,11 e 1,94 µg/abelha para contato. A dose letal de 4 horas e subletal de 24 horas foram altamente tóxicas para as abelhas causando alterações locomotoras, as quais em campo podem influenciar o forrageamento das campeiras. Dos testes de doses sub... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bees are very important for pollination, however, disappearance and death of Apis mellifera hives in many regions of the world has increased, damaging the species survival and ecosystems maintenance. The use of herbicides in agricultural crops has been accused as one of the factors responsible for this disappearance. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity, behavioral and motor abnormalities on foraging honey bees Apis mellifera exposed to 2,4-D and glyphosate alone and combined. To determine the lethal dose (LD50), bees were exposed to different herbicides doses by contact or ingestion and mortality was analyzed. After 24 hours, the mortality results were analyzed. The glyphosate and 2,4-D LD50 found were, respectively: 273,93 and 127,70 μg/bee for ingestion and 255,73 and 97,09 μg/bee for contact. The sublethal doses for glyphosate and 2,4-D were, respectively: 5,47 and 2,55 μg/bee for ingestion and 5,11 and 1,94 μg/bee for contact. The bee’s motor activity was assessed 4 and 24 hours after herbicides and combination exposure, using a behavioral observation box. The 24 hours lethal and sublethal doses were highly toxic to bees causing locomotors changes, which in the field can influence the bees foraging activity. Only the 4h sublethal herbicide association test showed additive effect, however this fact deserves attention because when carried to the colony, the herbicides can influence other bees behavior and cause weakening or even death of the hive. / Mestre

The aim of the work is an analysis influence of years and altitude above sea levels on the honey production of sample localitys in different altitude above sea levels. For observation of the years 2002{--}2006 was choice five localitys in different altitude above sea levels (472 {--} 650 m). The interaction sea level and year is a determine factor wich influence honey production of one bee colony from 89.77%. On increase sea level about 100 m is speeding of the honey production about 5 kg of one bee colony. Than the direct influence one factor (altitude above sea level, year) is strikinger on the honey production their interaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosALFN_DISSERT.pdf: 3603295 bytes, checksum: ea97b70f80dd8e319514db5c869b3bda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Although the provision of many ecosystem services has proven affected by changes in land cover and land use, the relationship between landscape structure and the production and quality of stingless bee honey has not been studied yet. This work aimed to analyze the influence of landscape structure on the production and quality of honey from the bee Jandaira (Melipona subnitida) in Rio Grande do Norte. To do so, 15 meliponaries were selected in several areas this state, in urban and rural areas and represented by different landscape structures. Land cover was mapped in scales of 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters around each meliponary. Land use was classified based on 6 classes: primary forest, secondary forest, tree crop, diverse land use, water body and urbanized area. Different landscape metrics were then calculated based on these maps, using the programs ArcGIS 10.3 and Fragstats. In each meliponary were randomly selected three colonies of M. subnitida from which a sample of honey was collected. The honey collected was sent to the laboratory for physico-chemical diagnosis (humidity, pH, water activity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose and acidity) and assessing the sensory properties (color). The condition of the colonies was assessed by measuring the relative volume of brood cells, and honey-pots. Interviews were also performed to the beekeepers to estimate the production of honey and the number of colonies. Honey production and quality and colony condition were then related to the different landscape metrics, using a model selection approach. The results show that the proximity and amount of areas of primary forest have a positive effect on honey quality. Secondary forests had a positive effect on the pH and color of honey and a negative influence over the unused space of the boxes used to rear M. subnitida. The amount of urbanized area around the meliponaries was related negatively with honey humidity and positively with the unused space of the boxes. Hence, our work shows that protect areas of preserved Caatinga and secondary forests are important to build a refuge for pollinators and ensure the current and future provision of ecosystem services / Embora a provisão de diversos serviços ecossistêmicos tenha-se mostrado afetada por mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra, a relação entre a estrutura da paisagem e a produção e qualidade de mel de abelhas sem ferrão ainda não foi estudada. Neste trabalho analisamos a influência da estrutura da paisagem sobre a produção e a qualidade de mel da abelha jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) na Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, 15 meliponários foram selecionados em diversas áreas do Estado, situados em zonas urbanas e rurais e representados por diferentes estruturas da paisagem. Fizemos mapeamentos do uso e cobertura do solo em escalas de 300, 1000, 2000 e 3000 metros ao redor de cada meliponário. As paisagens foram classificadas com base em 6 variáveis: mata primária, mata secundária, cultura arbórea, uso diverso do solo, corpo d água e área urbanizada. De acordo com esses mapeamentos, calculamos diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando os programas ArcGIS 10.3 e Fragstats. Em cada meliponário foram escolhidas aleatoriamente três colônias de M. subnitida. De cada colônia foi retirada uma amostra de mel. O mel coletado foi encaminhado ao laboratório da UFERSA para diagnóstico físico-químico (umidade, pH, atividade de água, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente e acidez) e sensorial (cor). Das colônias selecionadas também foram realizadas medições (comprimento, altura e largura) dos favos de cria, dos potes de mel e da caixa racional para avaliação da condição da colônia. Fizemos também entrevistas aos meliponicultores sobre a produção de mel e quantidade de colônias no meliponário. Os dados de produção e qualidade de mel, bem como de condição das colônias, foram então relacionados com as diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando um procedimento de seleção de modelos. Os resultados mostraram que a proximidade e quantidade de áreas de mata primária tiveram um efeito nos parâmetros de qualidade do mel. A classe da paisagem mata secundária teve efeito positivo no pH e na coloração do mel e negativo no espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais de criação de M. subnitida. Já a quantidade de área urbanizada ao redor dos meliponários relacionou-se de maneira negativa com a umidade do mel e positiva com o espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais. Portanto, proteger as áreas de caatinga preservada e as matas secundárias é a base para alicerçamos o refúgio para os polinizadores e garantir os seus serviços ecossistêmicos para o presente e futuro

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-04T14:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaGMEP_TESE.pdf: 3479072 bytes, checksum: e4bafc0b62cb21500cc5eaedb78e8ee1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:00:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaGMEP_TESE.pdf: 3479072 bytes, checksum: e4bafc0b62cb21500cc5eaedb78e8ee1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-13T15:04:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaGMEP_TESE.pdf: 3479072 bytes, checksum: e4bafc0b62cb21500cc5eaedb78e8ee1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T15:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaGMEP_TESE.pdf: 3479072 bytes, checksum: e4bafc0b62cb21500cc5eaedb78e8ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-22 / Jandaira bee (M. subnitida Ducke) is found in Brazilian northeastern. Your honey is characterized by the large amount of water (moisture) and clear color predominant. The honey characteristics can be influenced by several factors such as species, flowering, temperature, harvesting and storage. In addition, its qualityis marked by the presence of microorganisms, pesticides and others. This study aimed to characterize the Jandaira honey produced in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte. In order to do this, we evaluated 35 samples from three mesoregion state of 12 cities, which were collected directly from meliponary. The honey composition (moisture, Aw, pH, HMF, acidity, sucrose, reducing sugars, insoluble solids, ash and color) and the influence of flowering were evaluted; qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pollen (melissopalynology) was conducted; the effect of storage period (M0, M12, M18) on their characteristics was observed; and the presence of microorganisms and pesticides in honey was researched. Samples of Jandaira honey presented high moisture, an average of 24.4%. Staining was a predominantly clear (white and extra white). There was a predominance of pollen from native plants of the Caatinga biome, such as Mimosa tenuiflora and M. arenosa, among others and the predominance of unifloral honey. During the storage it was found that moisture and pH reduced, while the HMF, the acidity, and the color increased at the end of the storage period. Regarding to the investigated microorganisms there was contamination by fungi and yeasts, Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum type C and different species of Bacillus. Contamination was observed by pesticides in 25 honey samples, all in the organophosphates class. The Jandaira honey produced in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte State presented parameters that cannot be compared with existing legislation, and contamination by microorganisms and pesticides. Therefore, we suggest the creation of a normative instruction that addresses the identity and quality of Jandaira honey, which also contemplates the product validity period, acceptable limits of microorganisms and pesticides so that the product offered to the population would have a good quality. In addition to maintaining native flowering and consequent preservation of Jandaira bee, the constant monitoring is necessary to avoid the use of pesticides and deforestation in the areas of Caatinga / A abelha jandaíra (M. subnitida Ducke) é encontrada no Nordeste brasileiro. O seu mel é caracterizado pela grande quantidade de água (umidade) e coloração predominante clara. As características do mel podem ser influenciadas por diversos fatores, como: espécie, florada, temperatura, colheita e estocagem. E sua qualidade pela presença de microrganismos, pesticidas e outros. Objetivou-se caracterizar o mel de abelha jandaíra produzido no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, avaliou-se 35 amostras provenientes de três mesorregiões do estado, de 12 municípios, as quais foram coletadas diretamente dos meliponários. Sendo avaliada a composição do mel (umidade, Aa, pH, HMF, acidez livre, sacarose, açúcares redutores, sólidos insolúveis, cinzas e cor) e a influência da florada; realizou-se análise qualitativa e quantitativa do pólen (melissopalinologia); verificou-se o efeito do período de estocagem (M0, M12, M18) sobre suas características; e pesquisou-se a presença de microrganismos e pesticidas no mel. As amostras do mel de abelha jandaíra apresentaram umidade elevada, média de 24,4%. A coloração foi predominante clara (branco d´água e extra branco). Houve predominância de pólen de plantas nativas do bioma Caatinga, como a Mimosa tenuiflora e M. arenosa, entre outras e predomínio de mel unifloral. Durante a estocagem verificou-se que a umidade e pH reduziram, já o HMF, acidez livre e a cor aumentaram no fim do período de estocagem. Com relação aos microrganismos pesquisados verificou-se contaminação por fungos e leveduras, Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum Tipo C e diferentes espécies de Bacillus. Observou-se contaminação por pesticidas em 25 amostras de mel, sendo todos da classe dos organofosforados. O mel de abelha jandaíra produzido no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte apresentou parâmetros que não podem ser comparados com as legislações existentes, além de contaminação por microrganismos e pesticidas. Portanto, sugere-se a criação de uma instrução normativa que aborde a identidade e qualidade do mel de abelha jandaíra, a qual contemple também o período de validade do produto, limites aceitáveis de microrganismos e pesticidas, para que o produto oferecido à população seja de qualidade. Além disso, para a manutenção da florada nativa e consequente preservação da abelha jandaíra, se faz necessária a fiscalização constante para evitar o uso de pesticidas e o desmatamento nas áreas de bioma Caatinga / 2017-04-04

Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.

This Master's thesis is focused on study of color compounds formed during processing of alliaceous plants, especially during processing of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Sicilian honey garlic (Nectaroscordum siculum (Ucria) Lindl.). Color compounds formed in alliaceous plants significantly reduce their sensory quality percieved by consumers and represent a relatively significant financial burden for the food industry. While especially blue and yellow compounds are formed during processing of garlic, pink to red compounds are formed during processing of Sicilian honey garlic. The theoretical part of the Master's thesis is focused on two plants of the genus Allium L. - garlic and Sicilian honey garlic, their significance, occurrence and usage. The study also discusses the mechanism of color compounds formation, that involves mainly sulfur compounds. The experimental part of the Master's thesis is focused on isolation and identification of the most significant color compounds formed during processing of alliaceous species and proposal probable mechanism of their formation.

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are important for genome stability and integrity. They are shortened with each cell cycle and during organismal aging. Although the most common telomere length compensation mechanism is the activity of a special reverse transcriptase, telomerase, in Drosophila telomeres are maintained by the retrotransposition of telomeric elements. In mammals, telomere length and telomerase activity can be influenced by lifestyle and the environmental conditions. This thesis is focused on activity of telomere length maintenance mechanism in insects in relation to aging and stress response.

Os felinos domésticos há muito tempo são utilizados como animais de companhia, tornando freqüentes os atendimentos veterinários a esta espécie. As afecções ortopédicas em gatos ocupam papel de destaque na rotina do traumatologista veterinário, que pode deparar-se com fraturas cominutivas de ossos longos, neoplasias ósseas, não-uniões ou uniões-viciosas de fraturas. Uma das opções para o tratamento dessas afecções é a utilização de enxerto ou implante ósseo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel, congelados a -70°C ou liofilizados na substituição de segmento diafisário do fêmur de felinos domésticos. Foi confeccionada uma falha óssea de três centímetros na região diáfisária do fêmur de 24 felinos adultos. Em seis felinos (grupo controle), a falha foi preenchida com o próprio osso removido após a retirada do periósteo, endósteo e medula óssea, e em outros 18 animais, foi preenchida com implantes ósseos corticais alógenos conservados em mel (seis animais), congelado (seis animais) e liofilizado (seis animais). Os animais foram avaliados clínica, radiográfica e histologicamente até completarem 180 dias de pós-operatório. A porcentagem de incorporação foi de 91,6% no grupo controle, com tempo médio necessário para consolidação de 83,1 dias; no grupo mel foi de 75%, com tempo médio de 105 dias; no grupo congelado foi de 83,3% com tempo médio de 78 dias e no grupo liofilizado foi de 25%, com tempo médio de 120 dias. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as porcentagens de consolidação do grupo liofilizado em relação aos grupos congelado e controle. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com relação ao tempo de consolidação. Foi identificada a bactéria Brevibacterium spp. em um dos implantes conservados no mel. Foi possível concluir que os implantes ósseos autógenos e os conservados no mel e a -70°C foram eficazes no preenchimento de defeito cortical em fêmur de felinos adultos, enquanto que os implantes liofilizados necessitam de maior avaliação da resistência e imunogenicidade para tornarem-se uma opção viável em felinos. / Cats with orthopedic conditions are a prominent part of the clinical work of veterinary traumatologists. Conditions such as comminuted fractures of the long bones, bone cancers and non-unions or unions that repeatedly fracture are often difficult to repair surgically and may require the use of bone grafts or implants for successful treatment. This study evaluated cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen at -70°C or lyophilized for correcting 3 cm long bone defects created in the diaphysis of the right femur of adult domestic cats (n=24). In the control group (n=6), the defect was repaired using the autologous bone following removal of the periosteum, endosteum and bone marrow. In the remaining animals (n=6/group), the defect was repaired with cortical bone allografts preserved in honey, frozen or lyophilized. Success of implant incorporation and length of time for consolidation were assessed through clinical, radiographic and histological evaluations performed up to 180 days after surgery. In the control, frozen, honey and lyophylized groups, respectively, success of implant incorporation was 91.6%, 83.3%, 75%, and 25%, with corresponding mean length of time for consolidation of 83.1, 78, 105 and 120 days. Consolidation percentage in the lyophilized group was significantly lower than in the frozen and control groups. Length of time for consolidation was not different between the groups. Brevibacterium spp. was isolated from one of the implants preserved in honey. In conclusion, bone grafts preserved in honey or frozen at -70°C were effective for repairing cortical defects in the femurs of adult cats as compared to autologous bone. Lyophilized implants require more evaluation of resistance and immunogenicity before they can be considered a viable option for bone repair in cats.