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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Condicionamento Fisiol?gico em Sementes de Alface e Cenoura. / Priming in Lettuce and Carrot Seeds.

Rodrigues, Daniele Lima 25 August 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-06-01T15:58:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE LIMA RODRIGUES.pdf: 451475 bytes, checksum: 4d2837e6e6280d23bbeef937301d23ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T15:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELE LIMA RODRIGUES.pdf: 451475 bytes, checksum: 4d2837e6e6280d23bbeef937301d23ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective was to find alternative ways to achieve better seed germination under adverse environmental conditions, for lettuce and carrots seeds. The priming is a technique that can reduce the negative effects of environmental stresses on the germination and vigor in this seeds, so the present work we used four treatments: unprimed seeds and three priming methods, among them hydropriming on paper, hydropriming by immersion in distilled water and priming in PEG 6000 -1.5 MPa for lettuce seed and -1.0 MPa for carrot seeds. Initially, the water absorption marches were determined in each conditioning method for seeds of both species and these results were submitted to regression analysis. In lettuce seeds, cv Regina was evaluated jointly or without previous seeds immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution in some tests. The results of priming methods and treatment with NaClO effects in lettuce seeds were subjected to analysis of variance in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2 (4 methods x 2 treatment with NaClO) and means were compared by Tukey test, P <0.05. Tests for evaluating the physiological quality of lettuce seeds were the germination test, speed rate of emission of radicle, speed rate of germination, germination test at 35?C, electrical conductivity and pH test. In the experiment with carrot seed, used two lots of experimental design was completely randomized. The results of priming effects on carrot seeds were subjected to analysis of variance in a factorial 4 x 2 (4 methods x 2 batches) and means were compared by Tukey test, P <0.05. To evaluate the storage effect by up to 60 days after the priming results were subjected to analysis of variance in a factorial 4 x 3 (4 methods x 3 storage periods), and means were compared by Tukey test, P <0.05. Tests for evaluate the physiological quality of carrot seeds were the germination test, first count of germination test, speed rate of emission of radicle, speed rate of germination, germination test at 35?C and germination test with water restriction, and these tests performed immediately after priming and 30 and 60 days after storage. The rate of water absorption was lower in the priming for lettuce seed and obtained superior germination and vigor to other methods. The use of sodium hypochlorite in tests of physiological quality enhanced germination and vigor. The carrot seeds absorption rate was slower in hydropriming on paper and in priming and this methods increased the carrot seeds vigor in lot 2. After 60 days of storage at physiological seed quality decreased, but in hydropriming on paper and priming this effect was smaller. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi encontrar formas alternativas de alcan?ar melhor percentual de germina??o em condi??es ambientais adversas, para sementes de alface e cenoura. O condicionamento fisiol?gico ? uma t?cnica que pode diminuir os efeitos negativos de estresses ambientais sobre a germina??o e o vigor dessas sementes e neste trabalho os tratamentos utilizados foram quatro: sementes n?o condicionadas e tr?s m?todos de condicionamento fisiol?gico, dentre eles hidrocondicionamento em papel, hidrocondicionamento por imers?o em ?gua destilada e osmocondicionamento em solu??o de PEG 6000 -1,5 MPa para sementes de alface e -1,0 MPa para sementes de cenoura. Inicialmente foram determinadas as marchas de absor??o de ?gua em cada m?todo de condicionamento para sementes de ambas as esp?cies e esses resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de regress?o. Em sementes de alface da cultivar Regina avaliou-se conjuntamente a imers?o pr?via ou n?o das sementes em solu??o de hipoclorito de s?dio (NaClO) em alguns testes. Os resultados dos efeitos dos m?todos de condicionamento e tratamento com NaClO em sementes de alface foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia em um arranjo fatorial 4 x 2 (4 m?todos x 2 tratamentos com NaClO) e as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, P<0,05. Na avalia??o da qualidade fisiol?gica foram utilizados o teste de germina??o, primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, ?ndice de velocidade de emiss?o de rad?cula, ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, teste de germina??o a 35?C, condutividade el?trica e teste de pH. No experimento com sementes de cenoura, utilizaram-se dois lotes da cultivar Bras?lia e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados dos efeitos do condicionamento fisiol?gico em sementes de cenoura foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia em um arranjo fatorial 4 x 2 (4 m?todos x 2 lotes) e as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, P<0,05. Para a avalia??o do efeito do armazenamento em at? 60 dias ap?s o condicionamento os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia em um arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 (4 m?todos x 3 per?odos de armazenamento), e as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey , P<0,05. Os testes para avalia??o da qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes de cenoura foram o teste de germina??o, primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, ?ndice de velocidade de emiss?o de rad?cula, ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, teste de germina??o a 35?C e teste de germina??o com restri??o h?drica, sendo esses testes executados logo ap?s o condicionamento fisiol?gico, 30 e 60 dias ap?s armazenamento. A taxa de absor??o de ?gua foi menor no osmocondicionamento para sementes de alface e obtendo-se germina??o e vigor superiores aos demais m?todos. O uso de NaClO nos testes de avalia??o da qualidade fisiol?gica em sementes de alface favoreceu a germina??o e o vigor. A taxa de embebi??o de sementes de cenoura foi mais lenta no hidrocondicionamento em papel e no osmocondicionamento e esses m?todos aumentaram o vigor de sementes de cenoura do lote 2. Ap?s 60 dias de armazenamento a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes diminuiu, por?m no hidrocondicionamento em papel e no osmocondicionamento, esse efeito foi menor.
2

Avalia??o qu?mica e biol?gica do Jambu (Acmella oleracea L.) seco com ar frio e liofilizado / Chemical and biological evaluation Jambu (Acmella oleracea L.) dry with cold air and lyophilized

BARBOSA, Alan Franco 15 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T17:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Alan Franco Barbosa.pdf: 6969234 bytes, checksum: 6f0ea0da3698193a91ae661b3c8aee8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / CAPES / CNPq / FAPERJ / The chemical and biological properties of Jambu, as well as the evaluation of the stability of spilanthol and the procedures of isolation this amide by solvents extraction are described. Were determined the amino acid profile, fatty acids, minerals, and free polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) by the processes of drying with cold air and lyophilization. Adsorption isotherms were constructed using the set of experimental data of eight mathematical models. Lyophilized capitula, leaves and stems of Jambu were extracted with methanol at 100 ?C, and 10 MPa, and analyzed by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of methanol extract, and of fractions obtained by partitions with hexane and dichloromethane of methanol extracts, of the Jambu on the tyrosinase enzyme such as the antimicrobial activity front against of Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. The activation index of NKCC2 phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting. The rate of aquaporin 2 apical expression was analysed by confocal laser microscopy. Jambu dryed by cold air showed higher content of nutrient, except for the mineral content, and antioxidant capacity compared to lyophilized Jambu. At all evaluated temperatures, the model of Peleg presented the best adsorption isotherms of Jambu dryed by cold air. Spilanthol concentrations in capitula, leaves and stems were 16.5, 0.344 and 0.241 mg/g dry weight. The methanol extract from Jambu and the hexane fraction (84.28 % of spilanthol) were able to activate oxidant activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. On the other hand, the dichloromethane fraction (about 100 % spilanthol) showed strong inhibitory effect of tyrosinase enzyme in the first 10 min. There was no antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and hexane fraction about L. casei. But the hexane fraction created inhibition zone on M. luteus. Induced inhibition of cAMP by spilanthol modulates negatively the urine-concentrating mechanisms. It is concluded that Jambu subjected to the drying process with cold air offers better chemical quality and antioxidant capacity. The major component, espilantol, present mainly in inflorescences, does not change with extreme storage conditions. The methanolic extract of Jambu strongly activates the enzyme tyrosinase, whereas the dichloromethane fraction inhibits the tyrosinase. The hexanic fraction inhibits Micrococcus luteus growth and espilantol inhibits the production of cAMP, contributing to its application in drugs with diuretic function. / Esta tese teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades qu?micas e biol?gicas do Jambu, bem como avaliar a estabilidade do espilantol e isolar esta amida por extra??o com solventes. Foram determinados o perfil de amino?cidos, ?cidos graxos, minerais, polifen?is totais e livres e a capacidade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS) do Jambu pelos processos secagem com ar frio e liofiliza??o. As isotermas de adsor??o foram constru?das usando o conjunto de dados experimentais de 8 modelos matem?ticos. Cap?tulos, folhas e hastes liofilizados de Jambu foram extra?dos com metanol a 100 ?C e press?o de 10 MPa e analisados por CL-EM e RMN. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do extrato metan?lico e de fra??es obtidas com hexano e diclorometano do Jambu sobre a enzima tirosinase e atividade antimicrobiana frente ao Micrococcus luteus e o Lactobacillus casei. A fosforila??o de NKCC2 foi avaliada como ?ndice da sua ativa??o atrav?s de Western blotting. A taxa de express?o apical aquaporina 2 foi analisada por microscopia confocal a laser. O Jambu seco com ar frio apresentou maior teor dos nutrientes avaliados, com exce??o do teor de minerais, e maior capacidade antioxidante em rela??o ao Jambu liofilizado. O modelo de Peleg, em todas as temperaturas avaliadas, apresentou melhores isotermas de adsor??o de umidade do Jambu seco com ar frio. As concentra??es de espilantol nos cap?tulos, folhas e hastes foram de 16,5, 0,344 e 0,241 mg/g do peso seco. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu, bem como a fra??o hex?nica (84,28 % de espilantol) foram capazes de ativar a enzima tirosinase, por outro lado, a fra??o obtida com diclorometano (cerca de 100 % espilantol) mostrou forte efeito de inibi??o da enzima tirosinase nos primeiros 10 min. N?o foi observada a??o antimicrobiana do extrato metan?lico e fra??o hex?nica sobre L. casei, por?m, a fra??o hex?nica criou halo de inibi??o sobre M. luteus. O espilantol inibiu a produ??o de cAMP, modulando negativamente os mecanismos de concentra??o de urina. Conclui-se que o Jambu submetido ao processo de secagem com ar frio ofereceu melhor qualidade qu?mica e capacidade antioxidante. O componente majorit?rio, espilantol, presente sobretudo nas infloresc?ncias, n?o se altera com condi??es extremas de armazenamento. O extrato metan?lico de Jambu ativa fortemente a enzima tirosinase, enquanto que a fra??o diclorometano inibe a tirosinase. J? a fra??o hex?nica inibe o crescimento Micrococcus luteus e o espilantol inibe a produ??o de cAMP, contribuindo para sua aplica??o em f?rmacos com fun??o diur?tica.
3

Utiliza??o de Flemingia macrophylla como adubo verde na produ??o org?nica de hortali?as em sistema de al?ias / Use of Flemingia macrophylla as a green manure for vegetable production under alley cropping

SALMI, Alexandre Porto 15 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T20:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Alexandre Porto Salmi.pdf: 1519360 bytes, checksum: b9b9fa22eb2e7ce024fb1e8d7df0afe2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T20:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Alexandre Porto Salmi.pdf: 1519360 bytes, checksum: b9b9fa22eb2e7ce024fb1e8d7df0afe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / CAPES / The recent increased pressure on natural resources, especially soil and vegetation cover, calls for locally based food production systems. The dependence on external inputs and non-renewable natural resources is then diminished. The practices used in alternative agricultural systems pursue the harmonious combination of all available resources such as nutrient cycling and maximal use of in situ generated inputs. Among various practices available, green manuring, which is defined by the use of legumes or other plant species in rotation or intercropped, deserves attention. Such plants may be incorporated into the soil or mowed and kept on the soil surface, providing improvement on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils. Hence, the objective of this research was to use the legume Flemingia macrophylla under an alley cropping system to grow lettuce, chicory and arugula. The experiments dealt with various agronomic aspects of flemingia to facilitate its inclusion on the crop system proposed. First, the evaluation of flemingia regrowth capacity was studied after cutting at different heights from ground level (0.0 m; 0.3 m; 0.6 m; 1.2 m). The treatments were imposed on one year old plants. This trial lasted for two years, enough time to accomplish eight cuttings. Dry matter and nitrogen content of the shoots of flemingia, as well as biometric variables such as height, stem diameter, and number of branches were determined. The highest cutting height (1.2 m) maximized biomass production, at all cutting dates. This same trend was observed for nitrogen accumulation. Decomposition dynamics and nutrient release from the shoots of flemingia were also studied along with the composition of invertebrates present during the process. Litter bags containing three different flemingia parts were used: leaves, stems and stems + leaves. Bags were set in the field and collected over time to determine moisture and levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Invertebrate composition was determined by placing plant biomass in Berlese funnels installed in a closet set with lamps placed above, collected in jars located below the funnels and sorted under stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, an alley cropping system was designed to test the production of lettuce, chicory and arugula. The system consisted of a control without flemingia, rows of flemingia cut at 1.2 m followed by mowing and rows of flemingia with no cutting. Nitrogen transfer from flemingia to the vegetables was estimated by isotopic dilution technique of 15. The incidence of spontaneous plants was also assessed. Contribution of N from flelmingia to the vegetables was verified. Generally, yield components in vegetables were superior on the control plots. Cutting flemingia at 1.2 m and deposing its biomass was better for vegetable yields than not cutting flemingia. This trend reflects the limitation of light incidence on the canopy of vegetables. Flemingia formed excellent mulch, which prevented the emergence of unwanted plants on the vegetable crops. The following year, the experiment was repeated at the same area, but replacing the cutting at 1.2 m to 0.6 m, so allowing more light into the canopy. Such adjustment resulted in gains in vegetable production. The data shows that the Flemingia macrophylla as a promising green manure to be included in vegetable organic systems. / Atualmente, devido ao aumento da press?o sobre os recursos naturais, sobretudo o solo e sua cobertura vegetal, o desafio ? produ??o de alimentos ? a busca por sistemas de produ??o agr?cola adaptados localmente, de tal forma que a depend?ncia de insumos externos e de recursos naturais n?o-renov?veis seja m?nima. As t?cnicas utilizadas em agricultura alternativa buscam mobilizar harmoniosamente todos os recursos dispon?veis na unidade de produ??o, com base na ciclagem de nutrientes e maximiza??o do uso de insumos gerados in loco. Dentre as diversas pr?ticas, merece destaque a aduba??o verde, que consiste na utiliza??o de plantas em rota??o ou cons?rcio com as culturas de interesse econ?mico. Tais plantas podem ser incorporadas ao solo ou ro?adas e mantidas na superf?cie, proporcionando, em geral, uma melhoria das caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas e biol?gicas do solo. Nessa ?tica ? que se pensou em utilizar a esp?cie Flemingia macrophylla em sistema de cultivo em al?ias consorciadas com hortali?as, neste caso alface, chic?ria e r?cula. Foram avaliados v?rios aspectos agron?micos da esp?cie, a fim de, possibilitar a adequa??o de seu manejo fitot?cnico ao ser consorciada com essas culturas. Para tanto uma das a??es experimentais realizadas foi ? avalia??o da capacidade da rebrota de flemingia, por meio da implanta??o de diferentes alturas de corte (0,0 m; 0,3 m; 0,6 m; 1,2 m do n?vel do solo). Os tratamentos foram impostos em plantas que se encontravam com um ano de desenvolvimento no campo. O tempo de avalia??o foi de dois anos, possibilitando realiza??o de oito cortes, onde quantificou-se a mat?ria seca e os teores de nitrog?nio da parte a?rea de flemingia e par?metros biom?tricos como altura, di?metro do caule e n?mero de ramifica??es. O corte mais alto favoreceu a produ??o de biomassa, que reduziu ? medida que altura de corte diminuiu, para todas as ?pocas de corte. Essa mesma tend?ncia foi observada para acumula??o de nitrog?nio na parte a?rea da rebrota. Outra a??o experimental realizada foi ? avalia??o da din?mica de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da parte a?rea de flemingia, associada ? atividade da fauna ed?fica. Para essa quantifica??o, utilizou-se bolsas litter bags contendo, os tr?s diferentes tratamentos adotados: folha, caule e caule+folha. Tais bolsas foram inseridas no campo simultaneamente e, ao longo do tempo foram retiradas para pesagem e, ap?s secas e mo?das, encaminhadas para avalia??o dos teores dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Por meio de Funis de Berleese instalados em um arm?rio com l?mpadas dispostas acima dos mesmos, coletaram-se em frascos localizados abaixo dos funis, os invertebrados que colonizavam o material remanescente que, posteriormente foi triado no Laborat?rio de Fauna do Solo da Embrapa Agrobiologia. Observou-se uma correla??o positiva entre a presen?a desses animais na biomassa remanescente e o processo de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da parte a?rea de flemingia. A a??o experimental que utiliza flemingia em um sistema de cultivo em al?ias foi realizada na ?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica do KM 47? no ano de 2010, onde al?ias constitu?das por flemingia pr?-estabelecidas foram consorciadas com alface, chic?ria e r?cula. Aplicaram-se diferentes tratamentos nas al?ias de flemingia, a saber: testemunha (aus?ncia de al?ias); corte a 1,2 m com deposi??o da palhada sobre os canteiros; aus?ncia de corte (?3,5 m de altura) e avaliou-se par?metros de produ??o como di?metro, mat?ria fresca, mat?ria seca e n?mero de folhas. Neste mesmo experimento avaliou-se a transfer?ncia de nitrog?nio da palhada de flemingia para as hortali?as por meio da t?cnica da dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Avaliou-se a incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas para os diferentes tratamentos adotados. A contribui??o da palhada de flemingia na nutri??o nitrogenada das hortali?as foi observada desde o plantio at? a colheita e complementa as necessidades nutricionais das hortali?as avaliadas. Em rela??o aos par?metros de produ??o, observou-se que na testemunha foram superiores aos demais tratamentos, sendo seguido do corte a 1,2 m com deposi??o da palhada sobre os canteiros e posteriormente pela aus?ncia de corte. Esse comportamento reflete a limita??o da incid?ncia luminosa sobre o dossel das hortali?as, sendo que ? medida que se sombreou mais o dossel, os par?metros de produ??o foram reduzidos. A palhada de flemingia forma uma excelente cobertura morta, o que evita o surgimento de plantas indesejadas nos canteiros cultivados com hortali?as. Desta forma, no ano de 2011 novamente foi realizado o cultivo em al?ias de flemingia, por?m, substituiu-se o tratamento com corte 1,2 m nas faixas para um corte mais baixo, correspondente a 0,6 m de altura, possibilitando maior entrada de luz no dossel das hortali?as. Tal adequa??o no manejo fitot?cnico, resultou em ganhos nos par?metros de produ??o, e em alguns casos onde n?o houve aduba??o de cobertura o corte a 0,6 m de altura superou o tratamento testemunha. Os dados do presente trabalho demonstram que a esp?cie Flemingia macrophylla mostra-se como uma excelente alternativa de adubo verde para ser inclu?da em sistema org?nico de cultivo em al?ias na produ??o de hortali?as.
4

Fitossociologia de plantas daninhas em cultivos oler?colas sob diferentes formas de manejo de aduba??o / Phytosociology of weeds in olive groves under different forms of fertilization management

Freitas, Elis Marina de 23 February 2018 (has links)
?rea de concentra??o: Produ??o Vegetal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T19:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) elis_marina_freitas.pdf: 2391958 bytes, checksum: c5d03ef3dfbd42a105df5aa8ac0a3b43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T19:53:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) elis_marina_freitas.pdf: 2391958 bytes, checksum: c5d03ef3dfbd42a105df5aa8ac0a3b43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T19:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) elis_marina_freitas.pdf: 2391958 bytes, checksum: c5d03ef3dfbd42a105df5aa8ac0a3b43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Poucos trabalhos foram desenvolvidos para compreender a din?mica populacional de plantas daninhas em fun??o de diferentes sistemas de manejos de aduba??o no cultivo de esp?cies oler?colas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as altera??es da comunidade de plantas daninhas em fun??o de diferentes sistemas de manejo de aduba??o do solo, por meio de an?lises fitossociol?gicas, nas culturas de alface e cenoura. Os estudos foram conduzidos no setor de Olericultura da UFVJM, no munic?pio de Diamantina, MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos, referentes aos diferentes manejos de aduba??o, foram: Convencional; Com Plantas Daninhas; Sem Plantas Daninhas; Composto; Crotal?ria; Crotal?ria mais Composto; e Lab-Lab e Lab-Lab + Composto. Durante o ciclo das culturas cultivadas, alface e cenoura, foram coletadas mais de 3.000 esp?cimes de plantas daninhas, representadas por 25 esp?cies, distribu?das em 11 fam?lias, 88% dicotiled?neas e 22% monocotiled?neas. As fam?lias de plantas daninhas com maior ?ndice de valor de import?ncia (IVI) em todos os est?dios de coleta foram Asteraceae, Brassicaceae e Poaceae. J? as esp?cies com maiores representatividade na ?rea foram Eleusine indica, Cyperus rotundus L., Galinsoga parviflora, Richardia brasiliensis, Oxalis latif?lia, Cynodon dactylon e Conyza canadensis, destacando-se entre elas, com maior densidade de plantas, C. rotundus. Observou-se de acordo com as ?pocas de avalia??o fitossociol?gicas decr?scimo na densidade populacional de plantas daninhas ao longo do per?odo experimental. E apesar da grande diversidade de plantas daninhas no ecossistema, as diferentes formas de aduba??o com plantas de cobertura foram capazes de promover modifica??es na comunidade das plantas daninhas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / Few studies were developed to understand the population dynamics of weeds due to different systems of conduction and management of fertilization in the cultivation of oler?colas species. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of the weed community as a function of different fertilization management systems by phytosociological analyzes in lettuce and carrot crops. The studies were conducted in the Olericultura sector of the UFVJM, in the municipality of Diamantina, MG. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications. Eight treatments were used to study the different management of fertilization: Conventional; With Weeds Without Weeds; Compound; Crotalaria; Crotalaria more Compound; Lab-Lab and Lab-Lab + Compound. During the crop cycle, more than 3,000 weed specimens, represented by 25 species, were collected in 11 families, 88% of which were dicotyledons and 22% were monocotyledons. The families with the highest value of importance (IVI) in all collection stages were Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. The most representative species in the area were: Eleusine indica, Cyperus rotundus, Galinsoga parviflora, Richardia brasiliensis, Oxalis latifolia, Cynodon dactylon and Conyza canadensis, with the highest density of C. rotundus plants. It was observed according to the phytosociological evaluation times decrease in weed population density throughout the experimental period. And although in ecosystems there was a great diversity of weeds, the cover plants were able to promote changes in the weed community.
5

Emiss?es de NH3 e N2O de composto org?nico e outras fontes de nitrog?nio aplicadas em sistema de produ??o de beterraba e alface / Emissions of NH3 and N2O from organic compost and other sources of nitrogen applied in production system beet and lettuce

SANTOS, Silvio da Silva 30 April 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T18:01:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Silvio da Silva Santos.pdf: 1585710 bytes, checksum: 55512544fcf22f1d09c9080258d4c607 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T18:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Silvio da Silva Santos.pdf: 1585710 bytes, checksum: 55512544fcf22f1d09c9080258d4c607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / CAPES / There is a growing demand for organic fertilizers in Brazil, mainly for growing vegetables. Composting is a technique that can be used as an alternative to increase the availability and quality of organic fertilizers. During the composting process, there is emission gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), which contribute to the greenhouse effect in the planet, also of ammonia (NH3), which reduces the efficiency of the composting process. Emissions of N2O and NH3 to the atmosphere has been attributed in part to the decomposition of organic matter from crop residues that are used in soil management systems. Thus, Chapter I aimed to characterize mixtures of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with different materials in order to produce an organic fertilizer rich in nutrients and can be used in the cultivation of sugar beets. The treatments were: (i) elephant grass + cattle manure;(ii) elephant grass + gliricidia; and (iii) elephant grass + castor cake. The evaluations were performed for 120 days. In this study, the compound formulated with a mixture of elephant grass and gliricidia resulted in higher concentrations of N, which shows the high potential of the material to be used as organic fertilizer for crops with high nutritional requirements. The N losses by volatilization were not relevant in the composting process. In the Chapter II it was evaluated the emissions of N2O and NH3 in the compost and other organic N sources used in the production of beet and lettuce. The treatments consisted of: (i) organic compound, prepared from the mixture of elephant grass with gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) + fertilization coverage with castor bean; (ii) green manure dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana) + fertilization coverage with castor bean; (iii) cattle manure + fertilizer topdressing with chicken manure tanned; (iv) urea in planting and coverage; and (v) the control treatment (without nitrogen). Considering these results, the N2O emissions from the soil ranged from 7.37 and 2699.62 ?g N2O-N-1. The volatilization losses of ammonia ranged from 9.5 to 30% of the N applied. The application of cattle manure + chicken manure management proved to be environmentally more suitable for growing vegetables, since it resulted in lowest flow of nitrous oxide from the soil and ammonia volatilization. Moreover, urea is the N source that causes most losses by volatilization of ammonia, with zero residual effect for the next crop, in this case for the production of lettuce. The highest emissions were observed after rainfall, regardless of treatment, highlighting the importance of presence of water in the environment for the emissions of N2O to occur. / ? crescente a demanda por adubos org?nicos no Brasil, principalmente para o cultivo de hortali?as. A compostagem ? uma t?cnica que pode ser utilizada como alternativa para aumentar a disponibilidade e a qualidade dos fertilizantes org?nicos. Durante o processo de compostagem, h? emiss?o de gases, como g?s carb?nico (CO2), ?xido nitroso (N2O) e metano (CH4), que contribuem para o efeito estufa no planeta, al?m de am?nia (NH3), que reduz a efici?ncia do processo de compostagem. As emiss?es de N2O e NH3 para atmosfera tem sido atribu?das, em parte, ? decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica proveniente dos res?duos vegetais que s?o empregados nos sistemas de manejo do solo. Dessa maneira, o Cap?tulo I teve como objetivo caracterizar misturas de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) com diferentes mat?rias-primas, visando produzir um adubo org?nico rico em nutrientes e capaz de ser usado no cultivo de hortali?as. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: (i) capim-elefante + esterco bovino curtido; (ii) capim-elefante + gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium); e (iii) capim-elefante + torta de mamona. As avalia??es foram realizadas durante 120 dias. Neste estudo, o composto formulado com a mistura de capim-elefante e gliricidia resultou em maior teor de N, o que mostra o elevado potencial do material para ser usado como adubo org?nico em culturas com elevada exig?ncia nutricional. As perdas de N por volatiliza??o de am?nia n?o foram relevantes at? 34 dias de compostagem. O Cap?tulo II teve como objetivo avaliar as emiss?es de N2O e NH3 em composto org?nico e outras fontes de N usadas na produ??o de hortali?as. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplica??o de: (i) composto org?nico, preparado da mistura de capim elefante com gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) + fertiliza??o em cobertura com torta de mamona; (ii) aduba??o verde com mucuna an? (Mucuna deeringiana) + fertiliza??o em cobertura com torta de mamona; (iii) esterco bovino curtido + fertiliza??o em cobertura com esterco de ave curtido; (iv) ureia em plantio e cobertura; e (v) tratamento controle (sem aplica??o de N). Considerando os resultados obtidos neste estudo, as emiss?es de N2O do solo variaram de 7,37 e 2699,62 ?g N-N2O m2h-1. As perdas por volatiliza??o de am?nia variaram de 9,5 e 30% do N aplicado. A aplica??o de esterco bovino curtido + esterco de ave curtido mostra ser um manejo ambientalmente mais adequado para o cultivo de hortali?as, por resultar em menores fluxos de ?xido nitroso do solo e volatiliza??o de am?nia. Por outro lado, a ureia ? a fonte de N que provoca as maiores perdas de N por volatiliza??o de am?nia com efeito residual nulo para a cultura seguinte, neste caso para produ??o de alface. As maiores emiss?es foram observadas ap?s precipita??es, independente do tratamento, destacando a necessidade da presen?a de ?gua no ambiente para que ocorram as emiss?es de N2O.
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Produ??o de substratos e fertilizantes org?nicos a partir da compostagem de cama de cavalo / Substrat production and fertilizers organic from the horse bed composting

Santos, Marcelo Roberto Gomes dos 18 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-12T14:53:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Marcelo Roberto Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 476591 bytes, checksum: 15e8d5b96f14a4b7f24d373e861f4759 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T14:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016- Marcelo Roberto Gomes dos Santos.pdf: 476591 bytes, checksum: 15e8d5b96f14a4b7f24d373e861f4759 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Following the growing demand for organic products has also grown in Brazil to search for organic inputs that are produced respecting the environment and that have affordable costs to the farmer. The horse bed is an alternative feasible to meet this need in places where there is domestic or commercial establishment horses. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of obtaining substrates and organic fertilizers through composting bed horse. Initially, it was studied the process of composting bed and pure horse with the addition of pie castor, evaluating several features over 120 days of incubation. In then the compounds were evaluated as substrates for the production of seedlings organic vegetables and as fertilizers used on lettuce-based fertilizer and beet produced in an organic system. It was observed that compounds formulated base horse bed, regardless of the addition of castor bean, achieved and maintained by several days temperatures above 55 ?C, which is sufficient for removing herbal spontaneous and pathogens. The addition of castor cake mix in compost provided subtle increases in temperature of the battery and the final content of N compounds, compared to treatment with pure horse bed, but resulted in considerable increases emission of NH3 and N loss during the composting process, and representing an increase in production cost. The compounds horse bed, regardless of the addition of castor bean, they have proved efficient for use as substrates in organic production of lettuce seedlings, beets and tomatoes. fertilizers organic obtained from horse compost bed did not provide answers on lettuce grown in organic production system, but induced increases in beet production in organic system. Composting proved a efficient process for obtaining organic fertilizer substrates from the bed horse, enabling an environmentally correct disposal for this waste of equine / Acompanhando o crescimento da demanda por produtos org?nicos, tem crescido tamb?m no Brasil a busca por insumos org?nicos que sejam produzidos respeitando o meio ambiente e que tenham custos acess?veis ao agricultor. A cama de cavalo surge como uma alternativa vi?vel para atender esta necessidade em locais onde existe a cria??o dom?stica ou comercial de cavalos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da obten??o de substratos e fertilizantes org?nicos por meio da compostagem de cama de cavalo. Inicialmente, foi estudado o processo de compostagem da cama de cavalo pura e com adi??o de torta de mamona, avaliando-se diversas caracter?sticas ao longo de 120 dias de incuba??o. Em seguida, os compostos obtidos foram avaliados como substratos para a produ??o de mudas org?nicas de hortali?as e como fertilizantes utilizados na aduba??o de base de alface e de beterraba produzidos em sistema org?nico. Observou-se que compostos formulados a base de cama de cavalo, independente da adi??o de torta de mamona, alcan?aram e mantiveram por v?rios dias temperaturas acima de 55 ?C, o que ? suficiente para elimina??o de ervas espont?neas e pat?genos. A adi??o de torta de mamona na mistura da compostagem proporcionou t?nues aumentos da temperatura das pilhas e do teor final de N dos compostos, em rela??o ao tratamento com cama de cavalo pura, mas resultou em aumentos consider?veis de emiss?o de NH3 e da perda de N ao longo do processo de compostagem, al?m de representar um aumento no custo de produ??o. Os compostos de cama de cavalo, independente da adi??o de torta de mamona, se mostraram eficientes para serem utilizados como substratos na produ??o org?nica de mudas de alface, beterraba e tomate. Adubos org?nicos obtidos a partir da compostagem de cama de cavalo n?o proporcionaram respostas sobre a produ??o de alface cultivada em sistema org?nico, mas proporcionaram aumentos na produ??o de beterraba cultivada em sistema org?nico. A compostagem se mostrou um processo eficiente para a obten??o de substratos e fertilizantes org?nicos a partir da cama de cavalo, possibilitando uma destina??o ambientalmente correta para este res?duo da equinocultura.
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O uso da agricultura org?nica na educa??o ambiental: Uma proposta interdisciplinar no curso t?cnico em agropecu?ria / Use of organic agriculture in environmental education: a proposal on technical interdisciplinary course in agricultural

PEREIRA, S?lvia Maria de S? Barreto 16 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-13T17:39:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - S?lvia Maria de S? Berreto Ferreira.pdf: 907631 bytes, checksum: 83122d961d78c54fedee1df798feecab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T17:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - S?lvia Maria de S? Berreto Ferreira.pdf: 907631 bytes, checksum: 83122d961d78c54fedee1df798feecab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / de Janeiro PPGEA/UFRRJ. Serop?dica/RJ, 2015. Under the picture of the use of organic agriculture to the work of interdisciplinarity, the food culture with its great importance for family farming (which provide the support of the majority of rural households) and knowing that school gardens have a role fundamental, both aesthetically, pedagogical, educational point of view also functions as a space of discovery and direct learning many subjects that are covered in the classroom. From this perspective it appears that an organic garden at school Agricultural Dom Augustine Ikas, with the participation of the whole school community. Conforming so, the study leaning out the possibility of growing a vertical garden as a teaching tool, with high school students and technical federal schools. This research aimed to identify the concept of organic agriculture as interdisciplinary approach to environmental education, gathering data to demonstrate the relevance of the subject and enables the work of environmental education as a transdisciplinary element in the curriculum of courses, discussing sustainability from development this garden vegetables and rescuing species from the city of S?o Louren?o da Mata. For this work we were used plastic bottles of 2 liters in the form of suspended planters (vertical planting). The substrate used was humos earthworm, Eisenia andrei, and topsoil. During the deployment and development of vegetables, which showed biological cycle of approximately 90 days, a great interest of the student body and teaching was observed in furthering the teaching-learning about sustainability from the concrete reality of the construction of the organic garden within a small urban space. / Sob o panorama do uso da agricultura org?nica para o trabalho da interdisciplinaridade, e do cultivo de alimentos com sua grande import?ncia para a atividade agr?cola familiar (que proporcionam o sustento da maioria das fam?lias rurais). Sobretudo, sabendo-se que as hortas escolares possuem um papel fundamental, tanto do ponto de vista est?tico, pedag?gico, educativo tamb?m funciona como um espa?o de descoberta e aprendizagem direta de muitas mat?rias que s?o abordadas na sala de aula. Nessa perspectiva ? que surge uma horta org?nica no col?gio Agr?cola Dom Agostinho Ikas, com a participa??o de toda a comunidade escolar. Conformando assim, o estudo debru?ado na possibilidade de cultivo a uma horta vertical, como uma ferramenta did?tica, com os estudantes do Ensino M?dio e T?cnico da Rede Federal de Ensino. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos identificar o conceito da agricultura org?nica como conhecimento interdisciplinar para a educa??o ambiental, reunindo dados que demonstrem a relev?ncia do tema e possibilite ao trabalho da Educa??o Ambiental como elemento transdisciplinar na grade curricular dos cursos, discutindo a sustentabilidade a partir do desenvolvimento desta horta e resgatando esp?cies hort?colas oriundas no munic?pio de S?o Louren?o da Mata. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho foram utilizadas garrafas pets de 2 litros em forma de jardineiras suspensas (plantio verticalizado). O substrato utilizado foi humos de minhoca, Eisenia andrei,e terra vegetal. Durante a implanta??o e o desenvolvimento das hortali?as, que apresentaram ciclo biol?gico de aproximadamente 90 dias, foi observado um grande interesse do corpo discente e docente em aprofundar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem sobre sustentabilidade a partir da realidade concreta da constru??o da horta org?nica dentro de um pequeno espa?o urbano
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Desempenho de Leguminosas para Aduba??o Verde e sua Utiliza??o no Cultivo Org?nico de Milho e Repolho no Cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Performance of Legumes for Green Manure and their use in organic cultivation of maize and cabbage at the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul

Cesar, Marcius Nei Zanin 30 April 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Cap. I The aim of this work is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of different legume species under cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven experiments were carried out, all of them in the experimental field of the (Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de MS), (Agency of rural development and extension of MS). Two of these experiments referred to the performance of legumes evaluation. The first experiment was carried out during the Spring- Summer period, and the second one during the Fall- Winter period. The treatments were constituted by the legume species (Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria mucronata, Crotalaria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp Cv Fava larga and Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o, Canavalia ensiformes and Canavalia brasiliensis). The third experiment was carried out to determine the dry phytomass decomposition rate and the nitrogen release of the species that were evaluated; this happened during the Fall-Winter period, and the treatments were the mulching of the legumes cited above, except C. breviflora, which was severely attacked by Fusarium sp. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with eleven treatments and nine harvest dates disposed with four replicates. The forth and the fifth experiments were carried out in the subsequent year, their aim was qualifying the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (hereinafter called BNF) and determining the isotope discrimination value ?B value?; their treatments were seven legume species previously selected due to their performances on the former experimental actions and three checks, Brachiaria decumbens, Helianthus annuus, and Zea mays cv BR 106, disposed in randomized blocks with four replicates. The sixth and the seventh experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the cabbage cv Astrus under organic management in no-tillage system. The treatments of the sixth experiment were maize-velvet bean intercrop. The later was sown in five different times after maize germination, mucuna alone, maize alone, spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil. The treatments of the seventh experiment were maize intercropped with Crotalaria juncea, the latter was slashed, slashed and pruned, maize with basic fertilizer, maize with basic and dressing fertilizers, crotalaria alone, maize alone, spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil. The experimental design adopted for both experiments was randomized blocks. The evaluation of the aerial phytomass production was determined when the legume species flowered and when the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling process. The quantification of BNF and the determination of the B value were estimated by using natural abundance 15N and the 15N dilution technique. Functional growth analyses were also carried out as well as soil cover rates, digestion time of the plant tissues, and the phytosociology were determined. On the sixth and seventh experiments the green manure contributions on the agronomic behavior of the cabbage cultivated in no-tillage system under organic management were evaluated. The results obtained have demonstrated the viability for the cultivations of these legume species at the Cerrado Biome, with the contribution of the BNF varying between 75 and 85% of the nitrogen found in the plant tissue originating from the air. They have also demonstrated the viability of using C. juncea and velvet bean when both are intercropped with maize in the mulching formation to the organic cultivation of the cabbage in no-tillage system Cap. II Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of legume species in which several components of plant growth were evaluated, such as aerial phytomass production, soil cover rate, seed production, besides phytosociology and in situ decomposition rate under cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul in two periods of the year. One experiment was carried out during the Spring-Summer period and the other one was carried out during the Fall-Winter period. Both experiments were carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Rural e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul (Mato Grosso do Sul Research center of the Agency of rural development and extension), in Campo Grande ? MS. The experimental design adopted for both was randomized blocks, formed by eleven treatments made up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus Cajans cv ?IAPAR an?o?, and Cajanus Cajans cv. giant broad bean. The agronomic behavior of the species that were studied was evaluated by the analysis of the stem and the leaf separately. It was observed that the aerial phytomass productions differed significantly with the species of the genus Crotalaria, showing the best results. Crotalaria juncea stands out with 14.16 Mg ha-1, followed by the Cajanus cajan cv. Fava larga with 11.58 Mg ha-1; there were no significant differences among the species of prostrate habit, mucunas and Brazilian jackbean (Canavalia brasiliensis). The later obtained 3.56 Mg ha-1 and the former did 2.85 Mg ha-1. Regarding seed production, the best performances were obtained during the Fall-Winter period for all legume species, except jack bean and feij?o-bravo (Capparis flexuosa), both obtained similar performances on the two periods of sowing, probably because they might be more tolerant to the drought stress. Regarding the decomposition rate, the results have revealed that the decomposition constants and the residue half-lives had different behaviors on the species that were studied; the Crotalaria species obtained higher decomposition rates when compared to the other species, differentiated behaviors were also noticed on the stem and on the leaf. The C. juncea, jack bean, and the two species of mucuna obtained higher soil cover rate, which reflected a higher suppression of spontaneous plants Cap. III Two experiments related to the quantification of BNF and the determination of the isotope discrimination, ?B value?, in legume species previously selected were simultaneously carried out in the experimental field of the AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS, during the Spring/Summer period in the 2005/2006 year of production. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, formed by ten treatments made up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, velvet bean, Brazilian jackbean, and Pigeon pea; there have been also, as checks, Sunflower, Maize, and Brachiaria species. The aerial phytomass productions were determined when each legume species flowered and when the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling process. With the samples of legumes and check plants, the quantities of N and the BNF were estimated by using the 15N dilution technique. Afterwards, when the BNF values were known, they were applied to the equation used in natural abundance 15N with the aim of estimating the B value. Regarding the aerial phytomass production, the Pigeon pea had the best performance, followed by the C. ochroleuca, reaching averages of 16.24 Mg ha-1 against 14.44 Mg ha-1. The legume species behaved similarly to the amount of accumulated nitrogen; the Pigeon pea, C. ohcroleuca, and C. mucronata reached values of 346.57 kg ha-1, 333.25 kg ha-1, and 277.35 kg ha- 1 respectively, and they deserve a distinction. Regarding the %BNF, it was observed that the 15N dilution technique could not be applied in all the species that were studied since the cycle of most legumes species was different from the checks; in this way, the checks were not appropriate because the technique demands that legumes and checks grow simultaneously and under the same conditions. However, to the varieties which were more precocious that the checks, the BNF value must be at least between 73 to 87%. Just on the specie C. mucronata it was possible to estimate the BNF and the B value with the rigor that the applied isotopic methodologies demand. The B value of this specie was -3.69. Cap. IV The aim of this study is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the cabbage in no-tillage system under organic management and the contribution of the prior cultivation of two legumes with different growing habits intercropping with maize in the mulching formation. Both experiments were carried out in the experimental field of AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS. The first experiment was the maize-C. juncea intercrop, the latter was managed, slashed, pruned, and slashed afterwards; besides the cultivation of single maize, single C. juncea, cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil with and without fertilization with equivalent amounts of 100 Kg N ha-1 at planting and sidressed 30 days after the maize cultivation, making up eight treatments with four replications in randomized blocks. The dry matter productions in the aerial part of the cover crops and the spontaneous vegetation were evaluated. Agronomic characteristics that were evaluated on the cabbage: productivity, commercial standard, fresh and dry weight, besides the dry phytomass of the prior cultivation. On this experiment it was possible to verify better yields regarding the fresh weight and head diameter when we used single, pruned C. juncea maize with basic fertilizer, and maize with base and dressing fertilizers, reaching a fresh weight over 1.0 Kg and heads diameter over 10 cm. Regarding maize and cabbage productivity, they were not influenced by the different kinds of intercrop systems; there were no significant statistic difference of treatments, which also reflected on the dry matter production of the prior cultivations. On the second experiment, the experimental design which was adopted was randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: maize-velvet bean intercrop, the later was planted in five different times: after the maize germination, maize alone, mucuna alone, cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil, and fallow with spontaneous vegetation, making up a total number of nine treatments. The parameters that were evaluated were similar to the ones of the former experiment.The cabbage production showed the most promising yield 2.06 Kg of head average weight and when cultivated as a sequential crop to the maize-velvet bean intercrop sown 15 days after the maize germination, differing significantly from the other treatments. When we analyzed the maize productivities, we noticed fall of productivity around 29% when it was intercropped with velvet bean at 15 and 30 days after its germination when it was compared to the other prior cultivations in which the intercrop system was used. / Cap. I O presente trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de diferentes esp?cies de leguminosas nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos, todos no campo experimental da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de MS, sendo que dois deles foram referentes ? avalia??o do desempenho das leguminosas. O primeiro foi instalado no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e o segundo no outonoinverno. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos das esp?cies de leguminosas Crotal?ria juncea, Crotal?ria ochroleuca, Crotal?ria mucronata, Crotal?ria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp cv Fava larga e Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o, Canavalia ensiformes e Canavalia brasiliensis. O terceiro experimento foi realizado para determinar a taxa de decomposi??o da fitomassa seca e libera??o de nitrog?nio das esp?cies avaliadas, realizado no per?odo de outono-inverno, com os tratamentos constituindo-se da palhada das leguminosas descrita acima, exceto C. breviflora, pois a leguminosa sofreu ataque severo de Fusarium sp. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com onze tratamentos e nove ?pocas de coleta distribu?dos em quatro repeti??es. O quarto e o quinto experimentos foram realizados no ano subsequente e tiveram como finalidade quantificar a Fixa??o Biol?gica de Nitrog?nio (FBN) e determinar o valor de discrimina??o isot?pica ?Valor B?, tendo como tratamentos sete esp?cies de leguminosas previamente selecionadas pelos seus desempenhos nas a??es experimentais anteriores e tr?s testemunhas, Brachiaria decumbens, Helianthus annuus e Zea mays cv BR 106, dispostos em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. O sexto e o s?timo experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o desempenho do repolho cv Astrus sob manejo org?nico em sistema plantio direto, sendo que o sexto experimento teve como tratamentos cons?rcio milho x mucuna cinza, sendo esta semeada em cinco ?pocas diferentes, ap?s germina??o do milho, mucuna em monocultivo, milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo com preparo convencional do solo. O s?timo experimento teve como tratamentos milho consorciado com Crotal?ria juncea, sendo esta ro?ada, ro?ada e podada, milho com aduba??o de base, milho com aduba??o de base e cobertura, crotal?ria em monocultivo, milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo com preparo convencional do solo. O delineamento experimental adotado em ambos os experimentos foi o de blocos ao acaso. A avalia??o da produ??o de fitomassa a?rea foi determinada por ocasi?o do florescimento para as esp?cies de leguminosas e de enchimento de gr?os para as n?o-leguminosas. A quantifica??o da FBN e determina??o do valor ?B? foram estimadas utilizando-se a t?cnica de abund?ncia natural 15N e da dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Foram tamb?m realizadas an?lises funcionais de crescimento, bem como determinadas as taxas de cobertura do solo, tempo de decomposi??o dos tecidos vegetais e a fitossociologia. No sexto e no s?timo experimentos, foram avaliadas as contribui??es da aduba??o verde no desempenho agron?mico do repolho cultivado em sistema de plantio direto, sob manejo org?nico. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do cultivo destas leguminosas no bioma cerrado, com a contribui??o da FBN, variando entre 75 e 85% do nitrog?nio encontrado no tecido vegetal proveniente do ar. Tamb?m, demonstraram a viabilidade do uso da C. juncea e M. cinza quando cultivadas em cons?rcio com milho para obten??o de palhada ao cultivo org?nico do repolho em sistema plantio direto. Cap. II Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de esp?cies de leguminosas, onde foram avaliados diferentes componentes do crescimento vegetal, como produ??o fitomassa a?rea, taxa de cobertura de solo, produ??o de sementes, al?m da fitossociologia e taxa de decomposi??o ?in situ?, nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul, em duas ?pocas do ano. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Centro de Pesquisa da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul, localizado em Campo Grande - MS, sendo um no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e outro no outono-inverno. Em ambos, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, formado de onze tratamentos constitu?dos das esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus Cajans cv. IAPAR an?o e Cajanus Cajans cv. fava larga gigante. O comportamento agron?mico das esp?cies estudadas foi avaliado analisando-se separadamente haste e folha. Observou-se que as produ??es de fitomassa a?rea diferiram de forma significativa com as esp?cies do g?nero crotal?ria, obtendo-se melhores desempenhos. Destacam-se a Crotal?ria juncea com 14,16 Mg ha-1, seguida do Guandu cv fava-larga com 11,58 Mg ha-1; entre as esp?cies de h?bito prostrado, n?o houve diferen?as significativas, mucunas e o feij?o-bravo-do Cear?, sendo que esse obteve 3,56 Mg ha-1 contra 2,85 Mg ha-1 da M. preta. Com rela??o ? produ??o de sementes, os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos no per?odo de outono-inverno para todas as leguminosas, com exce??o do feij?o-de-porco e feij?o-bravo, que obtiveram desempenhos semelhantes nas duas ?pocas de semeadura, provavelmente, por serem mais tolerantes ao estresse h?drico. No tocante ? taxa de decomposi??o, os resultados revelaram que as constantes de decomposi??o e tempo de meia-vida tiveram comportamentos diferentes para as esp?cies estudadas, com esp?cies de crotal?ria obtendo maiores velocidades de decomposi??o quando comparadas ?s demais esp?cies, notou-se tamb?m comportamentos diferenciados para haste e folha. A C. juncea, feij?o de porco e as duas esp?cies de mucuna obtiveram maior taxa de cobertura de solo, o que refletiu em uma maior supress?o da vegeta??o de ocorr?ncia espont?nea Cap III Foram conduzidos simultaneamente dois experimentos relacionados ? quantifica??o da FBN e determina??o do valor de discrimina??o isot?pica, valor ?B?, em esp?cies de leguminosas previamente selecionadas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo experimental da AGRAER-MS, localizado em Campo Grande-MS, no per?odo de primavera-ver?o, no ano agr?cola 2005/06. O delineamento estat?stico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, constitu?dos de dez tratamentos, sendo este compostos pelas esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, Mucuna cinza, Feij?o-bravo-do-cear? e Guandu fava larga; e como testemunhas as esp?cies Girassol, Milho e Braqui?ria. Por ocasi?o do florescimento de cada esp?cie de leguminosa e enchimento de gr?os das n?o-leguminosas, foram determinadas as produ??es de fitomassa a?rea. A partir das amostras de leguminosas e plantas testemunhas, estimaram-se as quantidades de N e a FBN, para tanto usando a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N . Posteriormente, conhecendo-se os valores de FBN, aplicou-se aos mesmos a equa??o utilizada na t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N com a finalidade de estimar o valor B. Com rela??o ? produ??o de fitomassa a?rea, o Guandu fava larga obteve melhor desempenho seguido da C. ochroleuca, atingindo m?dias de 16,24 Mg ha -1 contra 14,44 Mg ha-1. Para a quantidade de nitrog?nio acumulada as esp?cies de leguminosas se comportaram de maneira semelhante, com destaque para o Guandu fava larga, C. ohcroleuca e C. Mucronata, atingido valores de 346,57 kg ha-1, 333,25 kg ha-1 e 277,35 kg ha-1 respectivamente. No tocante ? %FBN, observou-se que a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N n?o poderia ser aplicada para todas as esp?cies estudadas, uma vez que a maioria das esp?cies de leguminosas teve ciclo diferenciado das testemunhas, desta forma, as testemunhas n?o foram apropriadas, visto que a t?cnica exige que tanto as leguminosas como as testemunhas cres?am nas mesmas condi??es e de forma simult?nea. Contudo, para as variedades mais precoces que as testemunhas, o valor de FBN deve estar no m?nimo entre 73 a 87%. Somente na esp?cie C. Mucronata, foi poss?vel estimar a FBN e o valor B com o rigor que exigem as metodologias isot?picas aplicadas. O valor B para esta esp?cie foi de -3,69. Cap. IV O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agron?mico do repolho em sistema plantio direto, sob manejo org?nico, e a contribui??o do pr?-cultivo de duas leguminosas de h?bitos de crescimento distintos em cons?rcio com milho, na forma??o de palhada. Ambos experimentos foram implantados no Campo Experimental da AGRAER, em Campo Grande-MS. O primeiro experimento consistiu no cons?rcio entre milho e C. juncea, sendo esta manejada, somente com ro?ada (taratamento 6), podada e posteriormente ro?ada (tratamento 5), al?m do cultivo do milho solteiro, C. juncea solteira, cultivo com preparo convencional do solo, com aus?ncia e presen?a de aduba??o, em quantidades equivalentes a 100 Kg N ha-1 no plantio e em cobertura 30 dias ap?s plantio do milho, perfazendo oito tratamentos com quatro repeti??es, dispostos em blocos ao acaso. Avaliaram-se as produ??es de mat?ria seca na parte a?rea das plantas de cobertura e da vegeta??o espont?nea. As caracter?sticas agron?micas avaliadas no repolho foram: produtividade, padr?o comercial, peso fresco e seco, al?m da fitomassa seca do pr?-cultivo. Neste experimento, verificaram-se melhores rendimentos quanto ao peso m?dio e di?metro da cabe?a quando se utilizaram C. juncea solteira, C.juncea ro?ada, milho com aduba??o de base e milho com aduba??o de base e cobertura, alcan?ando peso m?dio acima de 1,0 kg e di?metro das cabe?as acima de 10 cm. Quanto ? produtividade do milho e do repolho, estes n?o foram influenciados pelos diferentes tipos de cons?rcios, n?o havendo diferen?a estat?stica significativa entre os tratamentos, o que refletiu tamb?m na produ??o de mat?ria seca dos pr?-cultivos. No segundo experimento, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram: o cons?rcio entre milho e mucuna cinza, sendo esta plantada em cinco ?pocas diferentes - ap?s a germina??o do milho, monocultivo do milho, monocultivo da mucuna, cultivo com preparo convencional do solo e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea -, perfazendo um total de nove tratamentos. Os par?metros avaliados foram semelhantes aos do experimento anterior. A produ??o do repolho alcan?ou melhores rendimentos, 2,06 kg de peso m?dio da cabe?a; e, quando cultivado em sucess?o ao cons?rcio milho x M. Cinza, semeada aos 15 dias ap?s germina??o do milho, diferiu significativamente dos demais tratamentos. Ao se analisarem as produtividades do milho, notouse uma queda de rendimento em torno de 29% quando este foi consorciado com M. Cinza, aos 15 e 30 dias ap?s sua germina??o, ao comparar-lo aos demais pr?-cultivos utilizando-se cons?rcios

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