In this dissertation, we develop Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) techniques for the steady-state multigroup SN neutron transport equation using a higher-order Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DGFEM). We propose two error estimations, a projection-based estimator and a jump-based indicator, both of which are shown to reliably drive the spatial discretization error down using h-type AMR. Algorithms to treat the mesh irregularity resulting from the local refinement are implemented in a matrix-free fashion. The DGFEM spatial discretization scheme employed in this research allows the easy use of adapted meshes and can, therefore, follow the physics tightly by generating group-dependent adapted meshes. Indeed, the spatial discretization error is controlled with AMR for the entire multigroup SNtransport simulation, resulting in group-dependent AMR meshes. The computing efforts, both in memory and CPU-time, are significantly reduced. While the convergence rates obtained using uniform mesh refinement are limited by the singularity index of transport solution (3/2 when the solution is continuous, 1/2 when it is discontinuous), the convergence rates achieved with mesh adaptivity are superior. The accuracy in the AMR solution reaches a level where the solution angular error (or ray effects) are highlighted by the mesh adaptivity process. The superiority of higherorder calculations based on a matrix-free scheme is verified on modern computing architectures. A stable symmetric positive definite Diffusion Synthetic Acceleration (DSA) scheme is devised for the DGFEM-discretized transport equation using a variational argument. The Modified Interior Penalty (MIP) diffusion form used to accelerate the SN transport solves has been obtained directly from the DGFEM variational form of the SN equations. This MIP form is stable and compatible with AMR meshes. Because this MIP form is based on a DGFEM formulation as well, it avoids the costly continuity requirements of continuous finite elements. It has been used as a preconditioner for both the standard source iteration and the GMRes solution technique employed when solving the transport equation. The variational argument used in devising transport acceleration schemes is a powerful tool for obtaining transportconforming diffusion schemes. xuthus, a 2-D AMR transport code implementing these findings, has been developed for unstructured triangular meshes.

As novel engineered nanoparticles such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are extensively used in nanotechnology due to their superior properties, it becomes critical to fully understand their biodistribution and effect when accidently inhaled. There fore, development of animaging technique which allow longitudinal in vivo follow-up of SWCNT effect based on their intrinsic properties is highly desirable. Non invasive free-breathing hyperpolarized 3He lung MRI protocol was developed complementary to proton systemic MR protocol to allow monitoring SWCNT based on their intrinsic iron impurities after intrapulmonary exposition. Combined toproton lung MRI and ex vivo optical and electron microscopy at different time points, this protocol represents a powerful multimodality imaging techniques which allows a full characterization of the biodistribution and biological impacts of iron containing SWCNT. SWCNT was found to produce granulomatous and inflammatory reactions in a time and dose dependent manner with their bio persistenc eafter intrapulmonary exposition.From biological impact evaluations after intrapulmonary exposition towards biomedical applications, SWCNT hold promise for applications in nanomedicine field with their distinct architecture and their novel physicochemical properties. The biodistribution and pharmacological profile of various well-dispersed pristine and functionalized SWCNT were assessed in blood and target tissues after their intra venous administration by longitudinal in vivo susceptibility weighted MRI and their potential effect on liver metabolism by ex vivo HRMAS 1H NMR. No presence ofacute toxicological effect (variation in liver metabolism) was observed confirmed by the absence of clustering in NMR spectra using Principal Component Analysis (specific biomarkers of toxicity).

Le diagramme des phases du C60 continue d'être un sujet de discussion et de controverse, malgré la grande quantité de travaux expérimentaux et théoriques fait au fil des ans. Ceci est principalement dû au manque d'études in situ, a l'existence d'états désordonnés présentant des pics de diffraction très mal résolus et à la coexistence de plusieurs polytypes de faible densité. Ce manuscrit présente une étude systématique in situ des transformations hétérogènes du C60 sous haute pression et haute température dans la gamme 1-10 GPa et 300-1200 K. Afin de discriminer les poly(a)morphes de densité similaire dans des échantillons hétérogènes, nous avons utilisé une combinaison de micro-diffraction et micro-tomographie. Les échantillons ont été synthétisés dans une cellule Paris-Edimbourg et caractérisés à l'aide de diffraction des rayons X in situ en dispersion angulaire. Des images tridimensionnels à haute résolution ont été obtenus sur des échantillons trempés par la méthode de micro-tomographie de diffraction/diffusion. Cette méthode permet l'analyse 3D de l'intensité de diffusion reconstruite à partir de séries de projections 2D. Une telle analyse est non destructive et offre une grande sensibilité (0,1% en volume), une haute résolution spatiale (μm3) et peut être multimodale, fournissant des données quantitatives sur la morphologie, la densité, la composition élémentaire ou la structure des matériaux. En outre, nous décrivons le développement d'un système de micro-tomographie in situ sous haute pression et haute température en utilisant une nouvelle cellule rotative Paris-Edimbourg (RoToPEC), combinée avec le rayonnement synchrotron. La capacité à tourner complètement la chambre de l'échantillon sous charge, surmonte la contrainte d'ouverture angulaire limitée des cellules ordinaires et permet l'acquisition de projections tomographiques pour l'imagerie de plein champ ainsi que pour l'imagerie par micro-diffraction. Cette méthode innovante permet l'étude des matériaux sous conditions extrêmes de pression, température ou stress, et pourra être appliquée dans des domaines variés tels que la physique, la chimie, la science des matériaux ou la géologie. Le potentiel de cette nouvelle technique expérimentale est démontré par l'étude de la polymérisation de C60 sous haute-pression et haute température. Mots-clés: C60, diagramme de phase, diffraction, micro-tomographie, haute pression et haute température

Submitted by Kesley Leandro da Silva (kesley.leandro@gmail.com) on 2016-03-10T17:32:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação v02.docx: 272937 bytes, checksum: 8b3b51152e65026481b1ba2a1541fcde (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Kesley, Segue abaixo as alterações que deverão ser realizadas em seu trabalho: - O arquivo deve estar em pdf. - Nome e Título em Letra maiúscula. - Retirar a sigla SP que consta ao lado de SÃO PAULO. - A ficha catalográfica deve estar na parte inferior da pagina - Centralizar os títulos Resumo e Abstract - As páginas anteriores da Introdução não podem estar numeradas. Em seguida, submeter novamente o trabalho. Att on 2016-03-10T21:57:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by Kesley Leandro da Silva (kesley.leandro@gmail.com) on 2016-03-11T15:24:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação v03.pdf: 1405923 bytes, checksum: 28d2a1fb855d75506c6f1f010f4ff5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-03-11T15:42:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação v03.pdf: 1405923 bytes, checksum: 28d2a1fb855d75506c6f1f010f4ff5a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T16:00:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação v03.pdf: 1405923 bytes, checksum: 28d2a1fb855d75506c6f1f010f4ff5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Utilizo dados semanais para investigar a lucratividade de estratégias de momentum no mercado de câmbio baseadas em dois diferentes métodos de extração da tendência, possivelmente não linear. Comparo a performance com as tradicionais regras de médias móveis, método linear bastante utilizado pelos profissionais do mercado. Eu encontro que o desempenho de todas as estratégias é extremamente sensível à escolha da moeda, às defasagens utilizadas e ao critério de avaliação escolhido. A despeito disso, as moedas dos países do G10 apresentam resultados médios melhores com a utilização dos métodos não lineares, enquanto as moedas dos países emergentes apresentam resultados mistos. Adoto também uma metodologia para o gerenciamento do risco das estratégias de momentum, visando minimizar as 'grandes perdas'. Ela tem êxito em diminuir as perdas máximas semanais, o desvio-padrão, a assimetria e curtose para a maior parte das moedas em ambas as estratégias. Quanto ao desempenho, as operações baseadas no filtro HP com gestão do risco apresentam retornos e índices de Sharpe maiores para cerca de 70% das estratégias, enquanto as baseadas na regressão não paramétrica apresentam resultados melhores para cerca de 60% das estratégias. / I use weekly data to investigate the profitability of momentum strategies in the currency market based on two different methods of trending extraction, possibly nonlinear. I compare the performance with the traditional moving averages rules, linear method of trading broadly used by market professionals. I find that the performance of all strategies is extremely sensitive to the choice of currency, lags parameters and the evaluation criteria. Nevertheless, the G10 currencies show better average results with the nonlinear methods, while the emerging market currencies show mixed results. I also adopt a methodology for managing the risk of momentum strategies to minimize the “worst crashes”. It works to lower the maximum weekly losses, the standard deviation, the skewness and the kurtosis for most currencies in both strategies. In terms of performance, HP filter with risk-managed momentum shows higher return and Sharpe ratio for about 70% the observations, while those based on nonparametric regression show higher numbers for about 60% the observations.

Esta tese apresenta o estudo da transição para um escoamento tridimensional da esteira de um cilindro oscilando. Esta é a transição secundária do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro, sendo a primária a própria esteira de von Kármán. A investigação é realizada na mesma faixa de número de Reynolds (Re) que ocorre a transição da esteira de um cilindro fixo: 200 Re 400. O estudo envolve simulações numéricas diretas bi- e tridimensionais do escoamento incompressível ao redor de um cilindro oscilando usando o método dos elementos espectrais. A transição também é analisada através do estudo de estabilidade linear do escoamento. O método de Gaston Floquet é adequado para a análise de estabilidade a perturbações tridimensionais devido à periodicidade característica da esteira de von Kármán. Além disto, o método é mais geral e não é aplicado somente a equações autônomas com soluções periódicas: ele também pode ser usado em análises cujo campo base é estacionário como a análise da transição primária da esteira de um cilindro. Mostra-se que a transição da esteira para tridimensionalidade é influenciada pela oscilação do cilindro. As oscilações podem atrasar a transição quando em amplitudes baixas e com escoamento a um número de Reynolds até 260. Em outros casos, a transição é similar à observada no escoamento ao redor um cilindro fixo. Além disso, quando há mudança de padrões de desprendimento de vórtices devido às oscilações, desencadeiam-se modos instáveis diferentes dos observados na esteira de um cilindro fixo. A comparação dos resultados da análise de estabilidade de Floquet com simulações numéricas diretas e experimentos publicados mostra na maioria dos casos que, apesar de ser uma análise de estabilidade linear, muitas características da análise persistem além do limiar de estabilidade. As situações com discrepâncias são identificadas nesta tese, como padrão de desprendimento diferentes em simulações bi- e tridimensionais na mesma situação. As causa das discrepâncias são estudadas através das simulações numéricas diretas e considerações sobre o sistema linearizado e a abrangência da análise de estabilidade. Em adição, mostra-se que há um limiar de amplitude de oscilação acima do qual a dinâmica da esteira, e portanto a transição secundária, é afetada. Abaixo deste limiar, retoma-se o comportamento do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro fixo. / This thesis presents the investigation of the transition to a three-dimensional flow in the wake of an oscillating circular cylinder. This is the secondary transition of the flow around a circular cylinder, while the primary transition leads to the von Kármán wake. The investigative work is performed in the Reynolds number (Re) range which occurs the secondary transition of the wake o a circular cylinder: 200 Re 400. The study consists of two- and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the incompressible flow around an oscillating circular cylinder by means of the spectral/hp method. The transition is also analyzed through linear stability study of the flow. The Gaston Floquet method is an appropriate method for this linear stability analysis to three-dimensional perturbations due to the typical periodicity of the von Kármán wake. Furthermore, the Floquet method is of a general kind and it is not specifically applied to autonomous equation with periodic solutions: it can be employed in analysis with a stationary base flow like the primary transition of the wake of a circular cylinder. The thesis shows that the transition to a three-dimensional wake is affected by the cylinder oscillation. The oscillations can delay the transition when they have low amplitudes and the flow has Reynolds number below 260. In other situations, the transition is similar to that observed in the flow of a fixed circular cylinder. In addition, when there is a change in the vortex shedding pattern due to the oscillatory motion, the observed unstable modes are different than those in a wake of a fixed circular cylinder. The comparison of the results from the Floquet stabilty analysis with the ones from direct numerical simulations and published experiments shows that in most cases, despite the linearization for the stability analysis, many features of the analysis persist beyond the instability threshold. The discrepant features observed are specified in this thesis, e.g. vortex shedding patterns different in two- and three-dimensional simulations with the same parameters. The cause of the discrepancies are studied through direct numerical simulations and careful considerations on the linearized system and the range of the stability analysis. In addition, this thesis shows that there is a threshold amplitude of oscillation for which the wake dynamics, therefore the secondary transition, is affected. Below this threshold, the wake behaves the same way as in the flow around a fixed circular cylinder.

This thesis deals with the testing process improvement and the implementation of specific improvement. Its objective is to describe the methodology TPI NEXT, define possible approaches to synchronization tools HP Quality Center and JIRA and implementation of the application for synchronization defects from HP Quality Center to JIRA. The first part of the thesis defines the basic terminology of testing and testing principles. Second part contains description of the methodology TPI NEXT, focusing on its key areas. The next part of the thesis describes synchronization of HP Quality Center and JIRA in the context of testing process improvement. The main part of the thesis focuses on approaches to synchronization tools HP Quality Center and JIRA and specific implementation of synchronization bridge. This bridge allows unilateral synchronization of defects from HP Quality Center to JIRA and is written in Java.

This thesis deals with design is condensing steam turbines burning fossil fuels with nominal capacity of the generator of 250 MW with steam reheating and regenerative eight uncontrolled extraction points. The turbine consists of two bodies: a combined high-intermediate pressure section and low pressure parts with dual way outlet down into the water-cooled condenser. Work includes calculating thermal scheme for 100% and 75% capacity, specific heat consumption calculation and design of the flow HP-MP body. Further strength control and basic engineering design of high-medium- work completed by longitudinal section. Achievements are at the end of work compared with work 3a and the conclusion summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the concept.

Cette étude vise à caractériser des fragments clés d’une interface de subduction fossile affleurant dans la Ceinture Métamorphique du Sud-Tianshan (Chine). Nous étudions les processus de subduction au travers de la profondeur critique de ~80 km, au-delà de laquelle la géophysique et les modèles prévoient un changement du couplage mécanique, et les roches océaniques ne sont normalement pas exhumées. Ce travail s’intéresse au Complexe Métamorphique Akeyazi (AMC), un épais empilement de roches métavolcanoclastiques enveloppant des écailles éclogitiques, exposé sur ~30 km dans la vallée de Kebuerte, et préservant de nombreuses reliques de coésites. L’étude structurale révèle que l’AMC est un dôme métamorphique consistant de plusieurs nappes cohérentes d’ampleur kilométrique avec des histoire P-T-t-d distinctes. 4 unités sur 6, i.e. UH (2.75 GPa/480-560°C), EB (2.1/505), MU (1.45/485) et GT (>0.7-1.0/470-520) ont été subduites à des profondeurs de ~85, 65, 45 et 30 km respectivement. La déformation rétrograde des unités, liée à leur exhumation, est caractérisée par des bandes de cisaillement top vers le Nord au faciès schiste bleu. Le pic d’enfouissement de ces unités a eu lieu à 320±1, 332±2, 359±2 et 280-310 Ma pour les unités UH, EB, MU et schiste vert, indiquant plusieurs courts épisodes de détachement de matériel de la plaque plongeante. L’évolution tectono-métamorphique de ~12 à 5-7°C/km au cours du temps peut refléter le refroidissement progressif de la subduction. La juxtaposition et l’exhumation à 1-3 mm/an de ces 4 unités à des profondeurs crustales a eu lieu autour de 290-300 Ma. / This study attempts to characterize key fossil fragments of material equilibrated along subduction plate boundary, now exposed in Chinese SW-Tianshan Metamorphic Belt (STMB). We herein elucidate some subduction zone processes across a critical depth range of ~80km, beyond which geophysicist and modeler infer a change in mechanical coupling and oceanic rocks are usually not recovered. It focuses on an unusually thick pile of HP/UHP metavolcanoclastics, wrapping eclogite slices and preserving pervasive coesite relics, along a ~30km-long transect across the Akeyazi metamorphic complex (AMC) in the Kebuerte valley. Structural studies reveal the current geometry of the AMC is a metamorphic dome with evidence of internal nappe stacking and should be subdivided into several coherent, km-scale tectonic units with distinct P-T-time-deformation histories. At least 4 of 6 sub-units identified here, i.e., the UH (2.75 GPa/480-560°C), EB (2.1/505), MU (1.45/485) and GT units (>0.7-1.0/470-520) were subducted and buried to depths of ~85, 65, 45 and 30 km respectively. Deformation following EC/BS-EC peak burial is marked by pervasive BS facies exhumation-related shear senses with a top to North component. Radiometric constraints yield peak burial ages of 320±1, 332±2, 359±2 and 280-310 Ma, respectively, for the UH, EB, MU and GS facies units, indicating several short-lived detachment episodes of material from the downgoing plate. The tectono-metamorphic evolution from ~12 to 5-7°C/km with time may reflect progressive cooling of the subduction system. Juxtaposition & exhumation of those 4 units to mid-crustal depth, at rates on the order of 1-3 mm/yr, was accomplished around 290-300Ma.

The integration of distributed energy sources and systems is of high relevance for the transition towards a more sustainable energy system. Taking into consideration the  amount of emissions produced by the heating sector, which account for at least half of the energy demand in buildings, district heating systems have the potential to play a key role in the transition, by enabling the integration of various energy sources and provide flexible energy services to the grid. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential for flexible sector coupling between the electrical and heating sectors, utilizing thermal energy storage alongside various heat generation units, including heat pumps and a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. To examine this concept, we used a district heating facility located in Oskarshamn, Sweden, as our case study. At present, the production mix at this facility comprises various production units- that utilize mainly biomass as their fuel source, including wood pellets, wood chips, and occasionally, bio-oil. Extensive research was conducted to review the existing literature and gain a comprehensive understanding of the technologies and concepts associated with FSC. This thorough examination allowed for a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in FSC. As the main contributions of this work, two numerical models respectively for production and dispatch optimization were developed and simulated complementary, concerning the thermal and electrical system of the studied plant. A dispatch model was developed with the aim of analyzing the operating behaviour of the system, identifying the available energy sources and optimizing their hourly dispatch. Subsequently, utilizing the open-access tool for capacity and investment optimization (OSeMOSYS), various scenarios were examined to evaluate the potential of thermal energy storage (TES), where a water tank was found to be the most cost-effective solution, and heat pump integration in enhancing the plant performance and providing flexibility. The study was divided into two distinct time periods. The first period focused solely on hourly dispatch optimization until 2035. In the second period, the analysis extended to include investment optimization, followed by the subsequent dispatch optimization until 2050, hence, using both tools. To effectively compare and assess the different scenarios, several key performance indicators (KPIs) were chosen, including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), capital expenditure (CAPEX), generation costs, and emissions. These scenarios were designed to account for variations in crucial variables such as electricity prices, the plant’s self-consumption potential, and the capital cost of storage. By considering the aforementioned factors, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to determine the optimal approach for maximizing performance and cost-effectiveness. It is important to mention that the electrical self-consumption within the plant was considered as one of the potential improvements. While the potential for electrical self-consumption was mainly studied on a shorter-term, the variability in the capital cost of the TES system was better considered on the long-term investment analysis. From the different simulations, the cases where self-consumption is included result in smaller operating costs, as producing electricity via the CHP unit of the plant is cheaper on average than the prices offered by the local distribution company. The obtained capacities for TES and the heat pump vary among the studied scenarios. Higher electricity prices favor investments in alternative fuel boilers like wood chips or wood pellets, while lower electricity prices result in increased TES capacities and higher heat pump production. The capital cost of storage also determines the capacity chosen for the storage water tank, sometimes investing a bit more to gain efficiency and reduce operational costs. Throughout the project, various sustainability aspects have been addressed. These encompass environmental responsibilities, with a focus on reducing CO2 emissions, enhancing social equity by implementing a more efficient heating system within the municipality, and assessing the economic viability of these initiatives. In conclusion, the study provides evidence and showcases the viability of implementing FSC in Oskarshamn’s power plant, as results from the different scenarios commonly show that FSC could bring down the total costs, as well as the amount of CO2 emissions on a long-term basis. Based on the findings, additional recommendations are proposed to optimize the plant’s performance and leverage the potential of this innovative approach. The proposed recommendations include increasing the time resolution in the model simulations to improve result accuracy and exploring different scenarios, which may involve considering various electricity or fuel price predictions, among other factors. / Integreringen av distribuerade energikällor och energisystem är av stor betydelse för övergången till ett mer hållbart energisystem. Med hänsyn till det utsläpp från värmesektorn, som står för minst hälften av energibehovet i byggnader, har fjärrvärmesystem potential att spela en nyckelroll i omställningen genom att möjliggöra integrering av olika energikällor och tillhandahålla flexibla energitjänster till nätet. Syftet med denna forskning är att utvärdera Potentialen för flexibel sektorkoppling (FSC) mellan el- och värmesektorerna, med hjälp av termisk energilagring tillsammans med olika värmeproduktionsenheter, inklusive värmepumpar och en kombinerad kraftvärmeproduktion (CHP). För att undersöka detta koncept, använde vi en fjärrvärmeanläggning i Oskarshamn, Sverige, som vår fallstudie. För tillfället består produktionsmixen vid denna anläggning av olika produktionsenheter som huvudsakligen använder biomassa som bränslekälla, inklusive träpellets, träflis och ibland bioolja. Omfattande forskning genomfördes för att granska den befintliga litteratur och få en heltäckande förståelse för de tekniker och koncept som är förknippade med FSC. Denna grundliga undersökning möjliggjorde en omfattande översikt av det aktuella kunskapsläget inom FSC. Som de viktigaste bidragen i detta arbete utvecklades och simulerades två numeriska modeller för produktions- respektive leveransoptimering, som berör det termiska och elektriska systemet i den studerade anläggningen. En fördelningsmodell utvecklades i syfte att analysera systemets driftsbeteende, identifiera tillgängliga energikällor och optimera deras fördelning per timme. Med hjälp av det verktyget med öppna tillgång (open-aceess) för kapacitets- och investeringsoptimering (OSeMOSYS) undersöktes därefter olika scenarier för att utvärdera potentialen för termisk energilagring (TES), där en vattentank visade sig vara den mest kostnadseffektiva lösningen, och integration av värmepumpar för att förbättra anläggningens prestanda och ge flexibilitet. Studien var uppdelad i två olika tidsperioder. Den första perioden fokuserade enbart på optimering av timfördelning fram till 2035. Under den andra perioden utvidgades analysen till att omfatta investeringsoptimering, följt av efterföljande optimering av driften fram till 2050, vilket innebär att båda verktygen användes. För att effektivt kunna jämföra och bedöma de olika scenarierna valdes flera viktiga nyckelprestandaindikatorer (KPI:er), inklusive den nivellerade energikostnaden (LCOE), kapitalinvesteringar (CAPEX), produktionskostnader och CO2 utsläpp. Dessa scenarier utformades för att ta hänsyn till variationer i viktiga variabler som elpriser, anläggningens självkonsumtionspotential och kapitalkostnaden för lagring. Med hänsyn till de ovan nämnda faktorerna genomfördes en omfattande analys för att fastställa den optimala metoden för att maximera prestanda och kostnadseffektivitet. Det är viktigt att nämna att den elektriska självförbrukningen inom anläggningen betraktades som en av de potentiella förbättringarna. Medan potentialen för elektrisk självförbrukning främst studerades på kortare sikt, beaktades variationen i kapitalkostnaden för TES-systemet bättre i den långsiktiga investeringsanalysen. De olika simuleringarna visar att de fall där självförbrukning ingår resulterar i lägre driftskostnader, eftersom elproduktionen via kraftvärmeverket i genomsnitt är billigare än de priser som erbjuds av det lokala distributionsbolaget. De erhållna kapaciteterna för TES och värmepumpen varierar mellan de studerade scenarierna. Högre elpriser gynnar investeringar i alternativa bränslepannor som flis eller träpellets, medan lägre elpriser resulterar i ökad TES-kapacitet och högre värmepumpsproduktion. Kapitalkostnaden för lagring avgör också vilken kapacitet som väljs för vattentanken (some en TES), ibland investerar man lite mer för att öka effektiviteten och minska driftskostnaderna. Under hela projektet har olika hållbarhetsaspekter beaktats. Dessa omfattar miljöansvar, med fokus på att minska CO2-utsläppen, öka den sociala rättvisan genom att införa ett mer effektivt värmesystem inom kommunen, och bedöma den ekonomiska bärkraften i dessa initiativ. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att det är möjligt att implementera FSC i Oskarshamns kraftverk, eftersom resultaten från de olika scenarierna visar att FSC kan sänka de totala kostnaderna samt mängden CO2-utsläpp på lång sikt. Baserat på resultaten föreslås ytterligare rekommendationer för att optimera anläggningens prestanda och utnyttja potentialen i denna innovativa metod. De föreslagna rekommendationerna inkluderar att öka tidsupplösningen i modellsimuleringarna för att förbättra resultatens noggrannhet och utforska olika scenarier, vilket bland annat kan innebära att man överväger olika el- eller bränsleprisprognoser.

L’art performance est un art contemporain difficile à définir. Néanmoins il peut se décrire par l’action d’un artiste de performance qui, à la différence du théâtre traditionnel, se présente lui-même devant un public, s’infligeant parfois de véritable blessure. Cet art questionne le « pour de vrai » et le « vrai ». En le comparant au théâtre il semble moins fictif car les blessures est le sang sont « vrais », et sa trace (captations vidéos, captations sonores, photographies, objets, croquis, écrits, etc.) le prouve. La fiction et la trace paraissent opposées, là où la première est une invention (le « pour de vrai ») l’autre est un élément pérenne d’une action vécue (le « vrai »), l’art performance permettrait alors de penser ces deux notions non plus comme opposés mais comme corrélatives. L’art performance présente sa trace comme un élément pérenne d’une action plus ou moins inventée : le « vrai » dont la frontière avec le « pour de vrai » peut être questionné. Cette thèse argumente ces hypothèses à travers une première partie comparative entre l’art performance et l’art théâtral, avec comme problématique la fiction qui semble opposée au « vrai ». Et une seconde partie corrélative sur le possible « pour de vrai » de la trace, qui permet l’étude de trois traces épistémologiques : la mémoire, l’écriture et l’indice à travers des exemples respectifs d’artistes de performance. / Performance art is a contemporary art is hard to define but which can be described as an action made an audience by a performance artist who, in contrast to the traditional theater, is the artist himself is inflicting sometimes real physical injuries. This art questions the 'like true' and the 'true' and seems less fictitious than traditional theater because blood’s physical injuries is 'true' and that he uses his trace as evidence (video recordings, sound recordings, photographs, objects, sketches, written, etc.). If the fiction and the trace seem opposed, because the first is an invention (the "like true") the other is a sustainable living action (the ' true') element, performance art then would think these two concepts not as opposites but as Horn related. As performance art, object of study here, presents his trail as a perennial element of a more or less invented action: as the 'true' including the border with the "like true" can be questioned. This thesis argues its assumptions through a comparative part between performance art and theatrical art, with as problematic fiction that seems opposite to 'true'. And a second consequential part on the possible "like true" of the trace, which allows the study of three epistemological traces : memory, writing, and trifle through respective examples of performance artists.