This thesis illustrates a general sense of national identity within the Taiwanese people brought on by the Kuomintang (KMT) and existing throughout the KMT's reign over the island, and contrasts this with the new identity that came to exist in the post-KMT period. Comparisons are centered around two works of literature: Sayonara, Zaijian!, written in 1979 by Chunming Huang, and My Diary of Japanomania, written in 1999 by Hari Xingzi. Louis Althusser's view of history-based on structural materialism, complexity and overdetermination---will be employed to discuss and explain the contrast between Sayonara, Zaijian! and My Diary of Japanomania in order to discover how national subject is formed and how it interacts within ideology.

Submitted by Juliana Crespo (juliana.crespo4@gmail.com) on 2018-09-11T13:45:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta__o_Mestrado-merged.pdf: 4063780 bytes, checksum: f6ae8f648e0fa9a35cae1d80aacf9d16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-09-18T13:45:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta__o_Mestrado-merged.pdf: 4063780 bytes, checksum: f6ae8f648e0fa9a35cae1d80aacf9d16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T12:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta__o_Mestrado-merged.pdf: 4063780 bytes, checksum: f6ae8f648e0fa9a35cae1d80aacf9d16 (MD5) / A transformada de Hilbert-Huang é um método relativamente recente para ana- lisar séries temporais. Incentivados por seus resultados positivos em séries temporais de diversas naturezas, decidimos implementar o mesmo em duas bases de dados de mobilidade urbana do Rio de Janeiro, sendo uma de GPS de ônibus e a outra de telefonia celular, para encontrar possíveis ciclos, sazonalidades e tendências, ao longo dos anos, devido a mudanças significativas nas vias exploradas.

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Este trabalho tem seu foco na monitoração dos processos de usinagem das máquinas ferramentas sem a utilização de sensores dedicados à medição direta das grandezas mecânicas envolvidas no processo de usinagem em si. Assim sendo, optou-se por um método de medição indireta utilizando um estimador de potência e torque baseado nas grandezas elétricas na entrada de energia do motor de indução da máquina ferramenta. O núcleo central do trabalho consiste na medição de processos de usinagem utilizando um dinamômetro de alta precisão próprio para máquina ferramenta para obter os valores médios e os modos de vibração do processo máquina ferramenta-usinagem e fazer a confrontação com os mesmos dados obtidos pelo estimador de torque. A pesquisa realizada utilizou ferramentas clássicas de processamento de sinais, como é o caso da FFT, assim como duas poderosas ferramentas atuais, a transformada de wavelet (WT) e a transformada de Hilbert-Huang (HHT). Em adição foi utilizado um processo de otimização para a determinação dos parâmetros do motor de indução on-line baseado em uma metaheurística denominada busca de harmonia (Harmony Search HS) / This work focuses on monitoring the machining processes in machine tools without the use of dedicated transducers to directly measure mechanicals quantities of the machining process. The approached method used the option of measuring the power and torque through a estimator based in the electrical quantities in the input of the induction motor used by machine tool. The core of the work consists in the measuring the mechanical processes of machining using a high precision dynamometer specified to machine tool to get the average values of mechanical quantities and the vibration modes of the set machine tool-machining process, the objective is to compare the same data group got from dynamometer and estimator. The research data was based on classical analysis tool such as Fourier transform (FFT) and on modern powerful tools such as wavelet transforms (WT) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). To refine the measuring process of average values of torque and power using the induction motor a method to estimates the motor parameters was added based on an optimization method named harmony search (HS).

Este trabalho tem seu foco na monitoração dos processos de usinagem das máquinas ferramentas sem a utilização de sensores dedicados à medição direta das grandezas mecânicas envolvidas no processo de usinagem em si. Assim sendo, optou-se por um método de medição indireta utilizando um estimador de potência e torque baseado nas grandezas elétricas na entrada de energia do motor de indução da máquina ferramenta. O núcleo central do trabalho consiste na medição de processos de usinagem utilizando um dinamômetro de alta precisão próprio para máquina ferramenta para obter os valores médios e os modos de vibração do processo máquina ferramenta-usinagem e fazer a confrontação com os mesmos dados obtidos pelo estimador de torque. A pesquisa realizada utilizou ferramentas clássicas de processamento de sinais, como é o caso da FFT, assim como duas poderosas ferramentas atuais, a transformada de wavelet (WT) e a transformada de Hilbert-Huang (HHT). Em adição foi utilizado um processo de otimização para a determinação dos parâmetros do motor de indução on-line baseado em uma metaheurística denominada busca de harmonia (Harmony Search HS) / This work focuses on monitoring the machining processes in machine tools without the use of dedicated transducers to directly measure mechanicals quantities of the machining process. The approached method used the option of measuring the power and torque through a estimator based in the electrical quantities in the input of the induction motor used by machine tool. The core of the work consists in the measuring the mechanical processes of machining using a high precision dynamometer specified to machine tool to get the average values of mechanical quantities and the vibration modes of the set machine tool-machining process, the objective is to compare the same data group got from dynamometer and estimator. The research data was based on classical analysis tool such as Fourier transform (FFT) and on modern powerful tools such as wavelet transforms (WT) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). To refine the measuring process of average values of torque and power using the induction motor a method to estimates the motor parameters was added based on an optimization method named harmony search (HS).

Le contrôle de santé structural ou Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) des matériaux constitue une démarche fondamentale pour la maîtrise de la durabilité et de la fiabilité des structures en service. Au-delà des enjeux industriels et humains qui ne cessent de s’accroître en termes de sécurité et de fiabilité, le contrôle de santé doit faire face à des exigences de plus en plus élaborées. Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle de santé doivent non seulement détecter et identifier l’endommagement mais aussi quantifier les différents phénomènes qui en sont responsables. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est nécessaire d’accéder à une meilleure connaissance des processus d’endommagement. Par ailleurs, ceux-ci surviennent fréquemment sous l’effet de sollicitations mécaniques et environnementales. Ainsi, il est indispensable, d’une part, d’élaborer des méthodes de traitement des signaux permettant d’estimer les effets des conditions environnementales et opérationnelles, dans un contexte de l’analyse des événements précurseurs des mécanismes d’endommagement, et, d’autre part, de définir les descripteurs d’endommagement les plus adaptés à cette analyse. Cette étude propose donc des méthodes de traitement du signal permettant d’atteindre cet objectif, dans un premier temps, pour l’estimation des effets externes sur les ondes multidiffusées dans un contexte de contrôle de santé actif et, dans un second temps, pour l’extraction d’un indicateur d’endommagement à partir de l’analyse des signaux d’émission acoustique dans un contexte de contrôle de santé passif. Dans la première partie de ce travail, quatre méthodes de traitement du signal sont proposées. Celles-ci permettent de prendre en compte les variations des conditions environnementales dans la structure, qui dans le cadre de cette thèse, se sont limitées au cas particulier du changement de la température. En effet, les variations de température ont pour effet de modifier les propriétés mécaniques du matériau et par conséquent la vitesse de propagation des ondes ultrasonores. Ce phénomène entraîne alors une dilatation temporelle des signaux acoustiques qu’il convient d’estimer afin de suivre les variations de température. Quatre estimateurs de coefficients de dilatation sont alors étudiés : Il s’agit de l’intercorrélation à fenêtre glissante, utilisée comme méthode de référence, la méthode du stretching, l’estimateur à variance minimale et la transformée exponentielle. Les deux premières méthodes ont été déjà validées dans la littérature alors que les deux dernières ont été développées spécifiquement dans le cadre de cette étude. Par la suite, une évaluation statistique de la qualité des estimations est menée grâce à des simulations de Monte-Carlo utilisant des signaux de synthèse. Ces signaux sont basés sur un modèle de signal multidiffusé prenant en compte l’influence de la température. Une estimation sommaire de la complexité algorithmique des méthodes de traitement du signal complète également cette phase d’évaluation. Enfin, la validation expérimentale des méthodes d’estimation est réalisée sur deux types de matériaux : Tout d’abord, dans une plaque d’aluminium, milieu homogène dont les caractéristiques sont connues, puis, dans un second temps dans un milieu fortement hétérogène prenant la forme d’une plaque composite en verre/epoxy. Dans ces expériences, les plaques sont soumises à différentes températures dans un environnement thermique contrôlé. Les estimations de température sont alors confrontées à un modèle analytique décrivant le comportement du matériau. La seconde partie de ce travail concerne la caractérisation in situ des mécanismes d’endommagement par émission acoustique dans des matériaux hétérogènes. Les sources d’émission acoustique génèrent des signaux non stationnaires... / Structural health monitoring (SHM) of materials is a fundamental measure to master thedurability and the reliability of structures in service. Beyond the industrial and human issuesever increasing in terms of safety and reliability, health monitoring must cope with demandsincreasingly sophisticated. New health monitoring strategies must not only detect and identifydamage but also quantify the various phenomena involved in it. To achieve this objective, itis necessary to reach a better understanding of the damage process. Moreover, they frequentlyoccur as a result of mechanical and environmental stresses. Thus, it is essential, first, to developsignal processing methods for estimating the effects of environmental and operational conditions,in the context of the analysis of precursor events of damage mechanisms, and on theother hand, to define the damage descriptors that are the most suitable to this analysis. Thisstudy proposes signal processing methods to achieve this goal. At first, to the estimation ofexternal effects on the scattered waves in an active health control context, in a second step, tothe extraction of a damage indicator from the signals analysis of acoustic emission in a passivehealth monitoring context.In the first part of this work, four signal processing methods are proposed. These allow takinginto account the variation of environmental conditions in the structure, which in this thesis,were limited to the particular case of temperature change. Indeed, temperature changes have theeffect of altering the mechanical properties of the material and therefore the propagation velocityof ultrasonic waves. This phenomenon then causes a dilation of the acoustic signals that shouldbe estimated in order to monitor changes in temperature. Four estimators of dilation coefficientsare then studied: the intercorrelation sliding window, used as reference method, the stretchingmethod, the minimum variance estimator and the exponential transform. The first two methodshave already been validated in the literature while the latter two were developed specificallyin the context of this study. Thereafter, a statistical evaluation of the quality of estimates isconducted through Monte Carlo simulations using synthetic signals. These signals are basedon a scattered signal model taking into account the influence of temperature. A raw estimateof the computational complexity of signal processing methods also completes this evaluationphase. Finally, the experimental validation of estimation methods is performed on two types ofmaterial: First, in an aluminum plate, homogeneous medium whose characteristics are known,then, in a second step in a highly heterogeneous environment in the form of a compositeglass/epoxy plate. In these experiments, the plates are subjected to different temperatures in acontrolled thermal environment. The temperature estimates are then faced with an analyticalmodel describing the material behavior.The second part of this work concerns in situ characterization of damage mechanisms byacoustic emission in heterogeneous materials. Acoustic emission sources generate non-stationarysignals. The Hilbert-Huang transform is thus proposed for the discrimination of signals representativeof four typical sources of acoustic emission in composites: matrix cracking, debondingfiber/matrix, fiber breakage and delamination. A new time-frequency descriptor is then definedfrom the Hilbert-Huang transform and is introduced into an online classification algorithm. Amethod of unsupervised classification, based on the k-means method, is then used to discriminatethe sources of acoustic emission and the data segmentation quality is evaluated. Thesignals are recorded from blank samples, using piezoelectric sensors stuck to the surface of thematerial and sensitive samples (sensors integrated within the material)...

自十八世紀工業革命發生後，西方社會產生了急遽的變化。新的生產方式必需要有新知識與新技術的人才加以配合，這也使得西方的人才培育有了新的發展方向，職業教育(Vocational Education)即是因應此種環境下所產生的教育體制。 十九世紀中葉後，中國在內外交侵的情況下，社會經濟文化等各方面也開始了一連串的變動，新的觀念不斷衝擊著傳統中國，舊有的教育制度受到抨擊，新的人才觀念因應而起，實業教育也在一連串的改革變動中被帶進中國來。實業教育的推展主要目標在使中國經濟得到發展，國家得以因此富強，但此套制度的推行後卻發現整體社會經濟並未隨之發展，反而出現人才不能為社會所用的窘境，以教育作為社會引導的理想顯然未能實現。在實業教育倍受檢討的過程中，開始有知識分子提出職業教育的理念，認為教育推行應該要符合社會現狀，個人生計滿足後社會經濟才得以發展。從實業教育轉化為職業教育代表著知識分子對於教育與社會發展關係已有不同看法。本文藉由晚清實業觀念與實業教育思想的提出，藉以瞭解近代中國對於社會經濟觀念的轉變；同時也藉由實業學堂的設置及畢業生出路情形，對於教育與社會發展之間的關係進行討論，並以日本實業教育發展做為參酌，將兩者關係進行更深入的了解。 / After the Industrial Revolution occurred in 18th Century, western society had been changed abruptly. New manufacture mechanism required new knowledge and new techniques cooperated. It conducted the western countries a new direction of talent cultivation. After the middle period of 19th century, China suffered from the upheaval caused by both homeland and foreign countries. The late empire was impelled to begin a series of alteration. Meanwhile, as the influences of western ideology, the traditional education system was getting criticism. The society needed all kinds of talents, therefore, the industrial education was conducted to improve the occasion. The intellectuals relied on the developing of industrial education to save empire, not only for the heavy industry but also the light one, thus the economics of the country could be improved. But the results fell short of expectations. Many graduates of industrial schools could not find jobs and also the economics did not have bettered. The ideal that the new educational system implemented in order to elevate the development of country economics was disillusioned. In this situation, some intellectuals changed their avocation from industrial education to vocational education, which emphasizes the importance of the consistency between educational practice and social demands. And the country economics would grow up after the people could satisfy their livelihood. Because of the transition from industrial education to vocational education, it represented the Chinese intellectuals had had different mind on the relationship between the development of modern society and education implement.

朱熹所建構的朱子學於後代之所以興盛的原因多門，官學、科舉的推動，雖將朱學普及化於民間士子，但亦僵化了朱學的發展，因而真正能將朱學的精髓發揚光大者，則非朱門弟子莫屬。若溯其源，則南宋朱門弟子對於朱學的傳衍，更是影響後代朱學發展的關鍵，無論從「道統」、「字義」等來看，或是元、明以降的《四書》學發展，黃榦和陳淳在其間皆扮演著關鍵性的角色，於朱學史中佔有不可或缺的一頁。基於此，本論文以朱門第一代弟子黃榦、陳淳為研究對象，首先從二人的為學歷程裡，鉤勒出一條繼承面向的脈絡。其次，透過二人的為學思想、體用關係、道統思維等方面，觀察二人在經典的詮釋與建構裡，如何接受、轉化及傳衍朱學。整體來說，本論文從原典文獻的角度出發，一方面客觀地釐清朱門後學的發展樣態，另一方面回應當前學術史的建構，重新看待在過去被忽略的歷史現場，補強朱門後學的研究成果。

《臺灣婦人界》（1934-1939）為日治時期最具規模的女性雜誌，也是1930年代刊載最大量通俗小說的刊物。本論文以殖民現代性與女性經驗的交織為主軸，提出《臺灣婦人界》小說的後殖民閱讀。日治時期台灣女性最初的現代體驗，奠基於殖民現代性所帶來的教育機會與物質文明，一方面秉持啟蒙開化的信念給予女性前所未有的自由與選擇，另一方面則訴諸文明優劣程度築起一道文化同化的門檻。「世界」指新女性走出家屋展望世界的文本效應。女性透過教養、知識提升成為公領域典範的可能，以及不同族裔、背景的女性基於文明信念而想像出的共同體，是《臺灣婦人界》一再宣揚的普遍價值。「民俗」是與上述普遍性對照之下的差異性，信仰漢人宗教的女性成為奇觀的拼貼素材，也化身被排除的迷信舊慣。這些文化差異性復又受到「帝國」殖民同化計畫的整編與改造，其透過女性之於家庭與社會的角色，以日本現代文明與大和民族的優越位階，對不同出身、階級與族裔的差異主體實行精神統馭。 　　筆者從《臺灣婦人界》觀察到上述三個大方向，並參照史碧娃克（Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak）、霍米巴巴（Homi Bhabha）的後殖民觀點，進一步解析殖民現代性排除與整編的策略如何在小說中一一受到挑戰。被體制重重壓迫的底層女性身影解構了以自由主義理念為根基、中產階級身份為前提的文明女性想像。被現代理性準繩貶抑的民俗迷信拯救了台灣女性的主體分裂危機，證明原生文化始終是殖民現代性無法割除斬斷的一部份。混血的女性身體隱喻著台灣多層歷史與地緣脈絡的軌跡，那難以馴化的混雜性揭發了殖民改造計畫的破綻。本論文探討的包括黃寶桃、西川滿等已受學界所知的作家，以及陳華培、別所夏子等未曾受到討論的台日創作者，期能為這份議題性與份量兼具、卻幾乎未受到注意的史料梳理一個輪廓，揭示《臺灣婦人界》之於日治時期文學研究、女性史研究以及後殖民研究的價值。 / Taiwan Fujinkai (1934-1939) was the most influential women’s magazine in colonial Taiwan, on which women’s experience were closely interweaved with colonial modernity. For women in colonial Taiwan, the first experience of modernization was founded on the modern education and material environment by Japanese power, and thus contained double sides. One was the sense of liberation brought by the belief of enlightenment, another was the awareness of discrimination between the superior and the inferior. “The cosmopolitan” refers to an imagined community where women from all backgrounds can be canonized if they followed the universal route of modernization. Being a contrast of this universality, images of women in “the folklore” was represented as the backwardness eliminated from the modern society. In the civilizing mission of “the empire,” these eliminated cultures were assimilated into the imperial project again, which seek to rule and reform the colonized through the hand of civilized wives and mothers. With Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Homi Bhabha’s postcolonial concepts, this paper examines how Japan’s strategy of elimination and assimilation was challenged in the fictions in Taiwan Fujinkai. The subaltern women in the bottom of social system broke the liberalist imagination of women’s civilizing route. A ghost haunted in Taiwan women’s mind implied that the native folklore can be oppressed but never divisible. The mixed-blood woman’s body disclosed the invalidity of Japan’s attempt to discipline the hybridity of it colony. My discussion includes Huang Pao-tao, Nishikawa Mitsuru and other undiscovered texts. Probing into this important but rarely investigated magazine, I seek to uncover its value for the literature study, women’s study and postcolonial study in the field of Taiwan literature.