Science Fiction movies have in recent decades become sources of information and interpretation, in other words, a window that reflects the time period in which they were made. While the role of technology has been researched in science fiction material, not much focus has been put into researching specific types of technology. This paper attempts to do just that by investigating the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the two science fiction movies, Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Arrival. Primarily using the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), complemented by aspects of the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) and the theory of Social Construct of Technology (SCOT), this paper highlights the role of ICTs as active agents. Through a comparative method, selected scenes featuring examples of technologies whose purpose depends on the intentions of non-technological agents such as humans are given, adding an interpretative angle. The generational differences are highlighted throughout the analysis by the networks they create, as well as the power dynamics between civilian and military actors. We find that the Actor-Network Theory can be a great framework to use with science fiction cinema to investigate these subjects.

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in educationhas attracted considerable attention in recent years, as well as in the context ofsustainability education. This thesis examines the attitudes of Greek teachers towardsteaching sustainability with ICT. The study employs a qualitative research, utilizingsemi-structured interviews as the main method of data collection. Drawing on existingtheories and research, the study focuses on three areas: the positives of using ICT insustainability education, the challenges faced by teachers, and the combination ofanalogue and digital media in sustainability teaching.By examining these attitudes, this thesis contributes to the existing body of knowledgeon the effective practices of sustainability education. It emphasizes the need for trainingprograms for teachers in digital literacy and addresses the challenges related to theimplementation of ICT. In addition, it highlights the importance of the combination ofanalogue and digital media in creating an inclusive and engaging learning experiencethat strengthens students’ environmental awareness, critical thinking and actionstowards a more sustainable future.

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Background: Establishing closed-loop supply chains is essential for the development of a future circular economy. This concept not only applies to the products within the supply chain but also to their packaging. Presently, traditional packaging follows a linear disposal approach, leading to waste production and a heightened environmental impact in numerous supply chains. Consequently, it is critical to examine the factors influencing current decisions on Returnable Transport Packaging (RTP) and to identify factors that can support its adoption while incorporating its context. Purpose: This thesis aims to explore the barriers, drivers, and enablers of the implementation of RTP in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry. Method: In this research, an interpretivist inductive research approach is employed. The study involves conducting qualitative semi-structured interviews across five distinct cases. These interviews are meticulously analyzed following the methodology outlined by Gioia et al. (2013), dividing the findings into 1st order categories, 2nd order themes, and aggregate dimensions. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the implementation of RTP in the ICT industry. It identifies a majority of barriers over drivers, with 13 barriers across six categories and seven drivers in three categories. These findings emphasize the need for supply chain managers to address challenges such as process and flow control, environmental issues, cost considerations, company priorities, stakeholder pressure, and decision-making. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of environmental benefits, stakeholder pressure, and competitiveness as drivers for RTP adoption. Key factors for effective RTP implementation include infrastructure, technology, human resources, consistent demand, and appropriate stakeholder engagement. The study underlines the critical role of technological context as a supportive element in integrating RTP within various aspects of the supply chain. This research offers valuable insights for managers seeking to balance environmental, economic, and managerial perspectives in implementing RTP in ICT supply chains.

In the modern, sophisticated world, connectivity has become a part of everyday routine: answering the phone call through the car or sending emergency calls by smartwatch to the nearest hospital. The ICT industry is the one that enables this connectivity by developing such technologies as 3G, 4G, 5G and WI-FI that can connect the phone with a smartwatch, car, house or speaker. At the same time, the interconnection of a significant number of devices creates licensing issues, and one of them is discussed in this thesis. The two long-established industries: ICT and automotive, are in licensing contradiction due to the different licensing practices. One such case is the dispute between ICT producer Nokia and car manufacturer Daimler. Nokia obtains a patent essential to the 4G standard that shall be licensed on the FRAND terms. The merits of the case- are to who shall the owner of the ICT patent provide license: to all implementers or just to one; whether it has the right to choose its licensees. To figure out the answers, I examined the contractual obligations of Nokia to the ETSI (FRAND commitment), its compliance with Article 102 of the TFEU (abuse of dominant position) and whether the patent exhaustion prohibits some licensing practices.

Global Warming is accelerated by human activity since the industrial revolution. We are currently experiencing the 4th industrial revolution with recent breakthroughs and rapid developments in digitalization, Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things (IoT). The environmental impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry will increase up to 3.9 % of the global environmental impact by 2030. At the same time, ICT products are able to avoid environmental impacts by almost ten times their impact. The ICT industry is undergoing a transformation influenced by scientific research and industry standards initiatives that support developments of European policies and directives, as well as increasing user demand for environmentally friendly products. As a consequence, companies are required to account and report environmental impacts along their value chain and reduce impacts by implementing environmentally conscious design such as EcoDesign.  However, integration among companies in the sector is insufficient. This is partly due to the complexity and lack of experience in accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and implementing EcoDesign tools. Additionally, research on the life cycle environmental impacts of ICT companies and products is limited. Therefore, this study aims to minimize the gap between research and practice by assessing the carbon footprint of an Internet Service Provider (ISP), calculating the carbon footprint of a residential router from a life cycle perspective and exploring reduction potentials through the application of EcoDesign.  The assessment of the value chain carbon footprint of the ISP identifies that roughly 74 % is attributed to the so called indirect emissions (Scope 3), in particular category 3.11, the use of products. This is also reflected in the carbon footprint of the router. Since it is constantly in operation mode, the use phase causes up to 90 % of its carbon footprint. Different carbon footprint reduction scenarios are explored, showing that reductions are achieved through the use of new manufacturing methods, recycled materials, low-power technology, green electricity and changes in user behavior. It is concluded that EcoDesign is useful to reduce the carbon footprint of a residential router and Scope 3 of an ISP. Therefore, companies in the ICT industry that aim to reduce their carbon footprint are advised to use EcoDesign in combination with complementary environmental impact assessment tools. / Den globala uppvärmningen påskyndas av mänsklig aktivitet sedan den industriella revolutionen. Vi upplever för närvarande den fjärde industriella revolutionen med de senaste genombrotten och den snabba utvecklingen inom digitalisering, industri 4.0 och „sakernas internet“. Miljöpåverkan från informations- och kommunikationsteknikindustrin (IKT) kommer att öka upp till 3,9 % av den globala miljöpåverkan fram till 2030. Samtidigt kan IKT- produkterna undvika miljöpåverkan med nästan tio gånger sin påverkan. IKT-industrin genomgår en omvandling som påverkas av vetenskaplig forskning och initiativ för industristandarder som stöder utvecklingen av EU:s politik och direktiv, samt av den ökande efterfrågan på miljövänliga produkter. Som en följd av detta måste företagen redovisa och rapportera miljöpåverkan längs hela värdekedjan och minska påverkan genom att införa miljömedveten design, t.ex. ekodesign.  Integrationen mellan företagen i sektorn är dock otillräcklig. Detta beror delvis på komplexiteten och bristen på erfarenhet när det gäller redovisning och rapportering av växthusgasutsläpp och genomförande av EcoDesign-verktyg. Dessutom är forskningen om IKT-produkters miljöpåverkan under hela livscykeln begränsad. Denna studie syftar därför till att minska klyftan mellan forskning och praktik genom att bedöma koldioxidavtrycket hos en Internetleverantör, beräkna koldioxidavtrycket hos en router för hushållsbruk ur ett livscykelperspektiv och undersöka möjligheterna till minskning genom tillämpning av EcoDesign.  Bedömningen av Internetleverantörens koldioxidavtryck i värdekedjan visade att 74 % av koldioxidutsläppen hänförs till de så kallade indirekta utsläppen (scope 3), särskilt kategori 3.11, användning av produkter. Detta återspeglas också i routerns koldioxidavtryck. Eftersom den ständigt är i drift är det användningsfasen som står för upp till 90 % av dess koldioxidavtryck. Olika scenarier för att minska koldioxidavtrycket undersöks och visar att minskningar kan uppnås genom användning av nya tillverkningsmetoder, återvunnet material, energisnål teknik, grön el och förändringar i användarnas beteende. Slutsatsen är att EcoDesign är användbart för att minska koldioxidavtrycket från en router för bostäder och Scope 3 för en internetleverantör. Därför rekommenderas företag inom IKT-branschen som vill minska sitt koldioxidavtryck att använda EcoDesign i kombination med andra verktyg för miljökonsekvensbedömning.

UX is a discipline which is gaining attraction and simultaneously changing. This study takes an exploratory approach into how UX practitioners adapt to this young and changing industry. The implications of this helps us understand their reality as well as potential areas for further research. To do this, data was collected in the form of interviews from working practitioners within the field and interpreted with thematic analysis. The contribution from analyzing the data revealed that UX practitioners are adapting by seeking knowledge from peers and other non-academic sources such as webinars and conferences, and they use this to adapt both to their environment as well as potential future areas. Other findings were the limitations in practice that UX practitioners struggle with on a day-to-day basis, and that these limitations could have a potential impact on why they seek knowledge.

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