No Brasil, o campo profissional do design não costuma valorizar seu passado histórico e o que se observa é um desconhecimento da produção nacional antes da institucionalização do ensino dessa área do conhecimento. Assim, este trabalho procurou abordar as origens do design gráfico brasileiro por meio de um resgate histórico, analisando uma publicação periódica do início do século 20 como exemplo do que era feito no Brasil no campo do design gráfico antes mesmo dos profissionais utilizarem a denominação designer. A publicação periódica escolhida foi a revista Kósmos, uma das chamadas revistas ilustradas que circularam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro na primeira década do século 20, mais precisamente de 1904 a 1909. Procurou-se determinar e observar as soluções gráficas empregadas na revista de modo que se pudesse contribuir para a sistematização de conhecimento no meio acadêmico e profissional de design. / In Brazil, the design professional field denies its past and so, denies its history. Thus, the designs production before the configuration of design education in this country is unknown by designers and students. This research intended to broach the origins of Brazilian graphic design by doing a history recovery and presenting a periodic like an example of what had been done at graphic designs field in Brazil before the use of the name designer by these professionals. The periodic chosen was Kósmos magazine, the one of the magazines known as illustrated magazines and that were publicated in Rio de Janeiro at the first decade of the twentieth century. It was publicated between 1904 and 1909. We attempted to analyze the graphic solutions used by the magazine chosen in order to improve systematic knowledge in designs academic and professionals fields.

No Brasil, o campo profissional do design não costuma valorizar seu passado histórico e o que se observa é um desconhecimento da produção nacional antes da institucionalização do ensino dessa área do conhecimento. Assim, este trabalho procurou abordar as origens do design gráfico brasileiro por meio de um resgate histórico, analisando uma publicação periódica do início do século 20 como exemplo do que era feito no Brasil no campo do design gráfico antes mesmo dos profissionais utilizarem a denominação designer. A publicação periódica escolhida foi a revista Kósmos, uma das chamadas revistas ilustradas que circularam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro na primeira década do século 20, mais precisamente de 1904 a 1909. Procurou-se determinar e observar as soluções gráficas empregadas na revista de modo que se pudesse contribuir para a sistematização de conhecimento no meio acadêmico e profissional de design. / In Brazil, the design professional field denies its past and so, denies its history. Thus, the designs production before the configuration of design education in this country is unknown by designers and students. This research intended to broach the origins of Brazilian graphic design by doing a history recovery and presenting a periodic like an example of what had been done at graphic designs field in Brazil before the use of the name designer by these professionals. The periodic chosen was Kósmos magazine, the one of the magazines known as illustrated magazines and that were publicated in Rio de Janeiro at the first decade of the twentieth century. It was publicated between 1904 and 1909. We attempted to analyze the graphic solutions used by the magazine chosen in order to improve systematic knowledge in designs academic and professionals fields.

Les textes littéraires dans l’enseignement du français, langue étrangère nous montrent l’emploi du lexique et de la morphosyntaxe dans un contexte linguistique, socioculturel et communicatif authentique. Ils motivent en outre les apprenants par un « plaisir de lecture ». Les textes illustrés ou les bandes dessinées renforceront ces objectifs et ils faciliteront encore mieux pour nos étudiants l’accès à la lecture grâce à la complémentarité du texte et de l’image. Astérix en sera le corpus principal, combinant le texte et l’image, la langue, la culture et des connaissances diverses. En comparant les interprétations variées des lecteurs chinois et des lecteurs français sur Astérix chez les Bretons, nous mettons en évidence l’interculturalité franco-chinoise, ce qui facilitera la compréhension de la langue et de la culture françaises. Le public visé est celui des étudiants de 3e année de licence des universités chinoises. Nous exploiterons ainsi la valeur pédagogique d’Astérix, tout en contribuant à la recherche sur l’emploi des textes illustrés et des bandes dessinées dans l’enseignement du FLE en Chine. / Literary texts in teaching French as a foreign language show us the use of an authentic lexicon and morphosyntax, in a linguistic, socio-cultural and communicative context. In addition, they motivate students through « reading pleasure ». Illustrated texts or comics reinforce these objectives, and they facilitate further access of reading by combining text and image. Astérix will be the main corpus, as it combines text and image, language, culture and diverse knowledge. By comparing the various interpretations of Chinese and French readers of Astérix in Great Britain, we bring to the fore Franco-Chinese interculturality, which will facilitate understanding of French language and culture. Chinese students in the third year of university curriculum are our targeted public. We will thus take advantage of the educational value of Astérix, while contributing to research on the use of illustrated texts and comics in teaching French as a foreign language in China.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le sujet de la présente thèse est le portrait photographique post-mortem à Buenos Aires et, spécialement, son développement dans le cadre de l'insertion de la photographie dans la presse de masse du début du XXe siècle. En ce sens, l'objectif principal de ce travail est de contribuer à la connaissance des rapports entre mort et représentation visuelle dans le début de la culture de masse. L'analyse d'un corpus hétérogène - des photographies, des peintures, des photogravures, des caricatures, des images aussi journalistiques que publicitaires - essayera donc de rendre compte de quelques problèmes fondamentaux de la présence de l'image et le portrait dans les rites funéraires et les pratiques de deuil modernes. On a aussi le propos de mettre en relief le rôle des pratiques mortuaires dans le processus argentin de modernisation et ses liens avec le développement de la culture visuelle de masse. / The subject of this thesis is the postmortem photographic portrait in Buenos Aires and, especially, its development in the context of the insertion of the photography in the early twentieth century massmedia. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between death and visual representation in the beginning of the mass culture. The analysis of a heterogeneous corpus - the photographs, paintings, photo-engravings, cartoons, journalistic images and advertisings - therefore tries to study some fundamental problems of the presence of the image and the portrait in modern funerary rites and mourning practices. Its intention is also to highlight the role of mortuary practices in the Argentine modernization process and its links with the development of visual mass culture. / El sujeto de la tesis presente es el retrato fotográfico post-mortem a Buenos Aires y, especialmente, su desarrollo en el marco de la inserción de la fotografía en la prensa de masa de principios del siglo XX. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de los relaciones entre muerto y representación visual en el principio de la cultura de masa. El análisis de un corpus heterogéneo - fotografías, pinturas, fotograbados, caricaturas, imágenes tan periodísticas como publicitarias - tratará pues de dar cuenta de algunos problemas fundamentales de la presencia de la imagen y el retrato en los ritos funerarios y las prácticas modernas de duelo. Tenemos también la intención de poner de relieve el papel de las prácticas mortuorias en el proceso argentino de modernización y sus lazos con desarrollo de la cultura visual de masa.

No description available.

[pt] A cidade do Rio de Janeiro passou por inúmeras mudanças durante a Primeira República. A então capital do país, vivia profundas mudanças, tais como a abertura da Avenida Central ou a derrubada do morro do Castelo. Foi o momento também da formação das primeiras favelas, que se tornaram elemento incontornável para pensar a cidade. As revistas ilustradas descreveram essa nova cidade que se desenhava com seus valores burgueses. A presente tese identificou o conjunto de caricaturas e charges publicadas pelas revistas O Malho, Careta, Fon Fon, Para Todos, D. Quixote e Tagarela, que, de alguma forma, abordaram direta ou indiretamente as favelas durante a Primeira República. Tais revistas descreveram e representaram a realidade desses espaços e de seus moradores. Esse trabalho buscou compreender o papel do humor no processo de construção das favelas como realidade urbana do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The city of Rio de Janeiro underwent numerous changes during the First Republic. The then capital of the country was experiencing profound changes, such as the opening of Avenida Central or the demolition of Morro do Castelo. It was also the moment for the formation of the first favelas, which became an unavoidable element in thinking about the city. The illustrated magazines described this new city that was designed with its bourgeois values. This thesis identified the set of caricatures and cartoons published by the magazines O Malho, Careta, Fon Fon, Para Todos, D. Quixote and Tagarela, which, in some way, directly or indirectly addressed the favelas during the First Republic. Such magazines described and represented the reality of these spaces and their residents. This work sought to understand the role of humor in the construction process of favelas as an urban reality in Rio de Janeiro.

The present study inquires into the problematization of attention in the reception and distribution of photography in 19th-century Sweden. It investigates how photography’s alleged abundance of detail and indiscriminate reproduction became a problem in the reception of the medium. The problem became urgent when photographs were put to use by established discourses; specifically, when used in printed publications meant for a public. The thesis therefore argues that the problem of attention had a profound influence on how printed photographic or photographically illustrated editions (photo-texts) were modelled and arranged. For this purpose, the study affirms a particular focus on attention practices: the various ways in which the printed editions aim to regulate the reader’s attention before the supposedly distractive image. Specifically, the thesis focuses on how texts in these printed editions are arranged or juxtaposed in relation to the image, how they speak of and to the images, what values they reflect, and what effects they could be said to produce. Consequently, the present study is more than an investigation of a problem; it is also an inquiry into the various attempts to overcome this problem. The problem and its responsive practices will have different characteristics in the various contexts of individual discourses. Therefore, the study situates the problem of attention in four prominent genres of 19th-century photography: the topographical albums of photographic views, art books with photographic reproductions, the scientific atlas, and the photographically illustrated travelogue. These genres and forms of publication, as well as the discourses of attention relating to them, are discussed in separate chapters. Every chapter departs from a specific Swedish photographic edition from the nineteenth-century. In sum, the thesis aims – with its focus on the problematization of attention – at giving a new historical perspective on the emergent relation between photography and the printed word.

Thesis (MA (VA))--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The hypothesis of this study is that literary theory and theories concerning space, landscape and the construction of identity, are not only applicable to written texts, but also to visual texts. To prove this, the relevant theories were applied in the analyses of four selected Afrikaans and Dutch picture books, as well as to my own picture book, the practical component of this MA study. Space, which is transformed into landscape when observation becomes perception, interacts with the construction of identity in texts in different ways, inter alia because changes regarding space lead to changes regarding identity. Although social identity (how others see us) is important, it can lead to stereotyping, while a focus on selfidentity (how we see ourselves) is conducive in treating children as individuals – as is done regarding adults – with a wide variety of interests and inclinations. Space, landscape and the construction of identity are important vehicles to convey meaning in narratives – not only in literature for adults, but also in picture books, where it can play a role in both written text and illustrations to bring extra depth and dimension. Illustrations are most frequently in a complementary relationship with words because they activate additional meaning, but it can also convey messages in a contrapuntal or even contradictory manner. The utilization of these aspects links with the fact that many South African and Dutch writers and illustrators are of the opinion that both children and adults enjoy really successful children’s books. This study indicates that the use of theories on landscape and identity in the analyses of picture books can lead to the discovery of deeper meanings, which show the literary merit of the texts. In this regard, illustrations should not be regarded as having only an aesthetic, supplementary function, but should be appreciated as an equal partner in conveying meaning, which gives an extra dimension to picture books. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hipotese in hierdie studie is dat literêre teorie en ander teorieë rakende ruimte en landskap, asook identiteitskonstruksie, nie net van toepassing is op geskrewe tekste nie, maar ook op visuele tekste. Om dit te bewys, is die relevante teorieë toegepas in die analise van vier gekose Afrikaanse en Nederlandse prenteboeke, asook van my eie prenteboek as praktiese komponent van dié Magisterstudie. Ruimte, wat getransformeer word tot landskap wanneer waarneming oorgaan in gewaarwording, hang op verskillende maniere saam met identiteitskonstruksie in tekste, onder andere deurdat ’n verandering in ruimte ook ʼn verandering in identiteit tot gevolg het. Hoewel sosiale identiteit (hoe ander ’n individu of groep sien) belangrik is, kan dit lei tot stereotipering. Daarteenoor lig ’n fokus op self-identiteit (hoe individue hulself sien) uit dat kinders, net soos volwassenes, as individue gesien moet word met ʼn wye verskeidenheid belangstellings en smake. Ruimte, landskap en identiteitskonstruksie is belangrike betekenisdraers in narratiewe – nie alleen in literatuur vir volwassenes nie, maar ook in prenteboeke, waar dit in beide die geskrewe teks én in die illustrasies ’n rol kan speel om ekstra diepte en dimensie te verleen. Die illustrasies staan meestal in ’n komplementêre verhouding tot die woorde deurdat dit bydra tot betekenisverruiming, maar dit kan ook kontrapuntale of selfs teenstrydige boodskappe oordra. Die ontginning van hierdie tipe aspekte sluit aan by die feit dat heelwat Suid-Afrikaanse én Nederlandse skrywers en illustreerders meen dat ʼn werklik suksesvolle kinderboek deur beide kinders en volwassenes geniet kan word. Uit die ondersoek blyk dat die analise van prenteboeke aan die hand van teorieë oor landskap en identiteit kan lei tot die uitlig van dieper betekenisse, wat die letterkundige waarde van prenteboeke bevestig. Illustrasies het hierby nie bloot ’n estetiese funksie as aanvulling tot die geskrewe teks nie, maar kan beskou word as volwaardige draers van betekenis wat ’n waardevolle ekstra dimensie aan prenteboeke verleen.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an exploratory study into the feasibility of the use of wordless picture books with the aim to develop a culture of and love for reading within the South African context, as approached from my viewpoint as an illustrator. Despite a growing body of literature that advocates the use of wordless picture books in educational and literacy development, not much research exists on their use within the South African context exists. Additionally, there are few locally published wordless picture books available in South Africa, with the market being dominated by American and European imports. Those that do exist locally lack variety and are largely labelled as educational. In addition, South Africa has a very low general reading rate, with reading and books being viewed as synonymous with an academic activity or obligation. Further, children are not encouraged to read for enjoyment at home, as their parents often do not have a reading culture of their own. Although educational books can be used in the home for joint reading, the use of books that are created for ‘strictly educational purposes’ leads to a risk of losing the magic of reading purely for enjoyment. A risk that runs parallel with this is the perpetuation of this negative view of reading in general. The inherent characteristics of wordless picture books serve as motivating factors that could contribute to developing a more positive attitude to books in general, and as such, foster a culture of reading that parents can transfer to their children. Through a semiotic and narratological analysis of wordless picture books, as well as a conceptualisation of the medium in my practical work, I debate the strengths of the medium as applied to the South African context. An empirical study forms part of this research in an effort to understand better how these books would function in joint reading between a child and their parent or primary caregiver. My fundamental argument is that the creation, production and use of this genre of picture books should be considered more favourably, and warrant further investigation within the South African context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling is ‘n ondersoekende uitvoerbaarheidstudie oor die gebruik van boeke sonder woorde om ‘n kultuur van en liefde vir lees in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te ontwikkel ,soos gesien vanuit my uitgangspunt as illustreerder. Ten spyte van ‘n groter wordende omvang van literatuur wat die gebruik van boeke sonder woorde in opvoedkundige- en geletterdheidsontwikkeling voorstaan, bestaan daar weinig navorsing oor hul gebruik in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Daarbenewens is daar min boeke sonder woorde wat plaaslik uitgegee word en word dié mark deur invoere uit Amerika en Europa oorheers. Dit wat wel plaaslik beskikbaar is, toon ‘n gebrek aan verskeidenheid en word meestal as opvoedkundig beskou. Verder het Suid-Afrika ‘n baie lae algemene leesgeneigtheid waar lees en boeke as sinoniem met ‘n akademiese aktiwiteit of verpligting beskou word. Voorts word kinders tuis nie aangemoedig om vir die genot daarvan te lees nie, omdat hul ouers dikwels self nie ‘n leeskultuur handhaaf nie. Hoewel opvoedkundige boeke tuis vir gesamentlike lees gebruik kan word, skep die benutting van boeke van ‘n ‘suiwer opvoedkundige aard’ die risko dat lees bloot vir die genot daarvan, verlore mag gaan. ‘n Risiko wat gelyktydig hiermee ontstaan, is die voortsetting van ‘n negatiewe siening oor lees. Boeke sonder woorde beskik oor inherente eieskappe wat as motivering vir lees dien en sodoende ‘n positiewer ingesteldheid teenoor boeke in die algemeen ontwikkel. Hierdeur kan ‘n kultuur van lees gekweek word wat ouers weer aan hul kinders kan oordra . Deur middel van semiotieke en narratologiese ontleding van boeke sonder woorde, sowel as ‘n konseptualisering van hierdie medium in my praktiese werk, beredeneer ek die sterkpunte van die medium soos toegepas binne die Suid-Afrikaanse opset. ‘n Empiriese studie vorm deel van die navorsing ten einde ‘n beter begrip te kry oor die benutting van dié boeke in gesamentlike lees tussen die kind en sy/haar ouer of primêre versorger. My grondliggende argument is dat die skepping, produksie en gebruik van hierdie genre van prentboeke sonder woorde gunstiger oorweeg behoort te word en verdere ondersoek binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks regverdig.