No / This paper presents findings from a study of 55 cases of decision implementation. The research identifies a number of features that characterize the way implementation is managed which appear to enhance the chance of success. Analysis reveals patterns in the data indicating that these features fall into two groupings, giving rise to two distinct approaches to implementation management. These are termed the Experience-based approach and the Readiness-based approach from the initial conditions which give rise to each. Although following either approach may enhance decision performance, the greatest success is associated with a dual approach. Implementations that follow neither are generally less successful. A theory of implementation management is postulated, comprising a Planned Option and a Prioritized Option.

This thesis perpetuates research aimed at deploying a diagnostic expert system for the MK 92 Mod 2 Fire Control System to 28 Oliver Hazard Perry class fast frigates. Referred to as the Maintenance Advisor Expert System (MAES) , this expert system is being jointly developed by the Naval Postgraduate School and Port Hueneme Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC PHD). This thesis focuses on the long-term implementation issues related to deploying MAES to the fleet, integrating MAES into the formal training pipeline, and transitioning life cycle Support for MAES to NSWC PHD. MAES long-term implementation issues, which include hardware, software, documentation, and training requirements, are examined within the context of implementation factors and risks historically associated with deploying expert systems. Plans for deploying MAES to the fleet and integrating MAES into the formal training pipeline are provided. As part of the documentation necessary to transition life cycle support of MAES to NSWC, a System Level Description document is also provided

ERP system har de senaste åren uppträtt som en central faktor vid framgångsrik informationshantering och agerat som en grundpelare i många företagsorganisationer. Implementering av ett nytt affärssystem är en komplex process vilket bidrar till att organisationer får svårigheter med att genomföra processen. Implementering av affärssystem handlar om att kombinera tidigare separerade system med fokus på att tillhandahålla en mer komplett informationsresurs för en organisation. ERP systemen tog fart under millenniumskiftet y2k och många företag hade vid det laget svårt att implementera systemen med ett positivt slutresultat. Arton år senare så kvarstår problematiken trots att ERP systemen har utvecklats och företagen blivit mer kunniga inom området. Detta visar en studie från Panorama Consulting (2017) där det framkom att 26 procent av företagen misslyckats med implementeringen 74 procent går över budget samt att 59 procent passerade den tänkta tidsplanen. För att finna en lösning på problematiken så har flertalet forskare genomfört studier där fokus ligger på att identifiera de negativt bidragande faktorerna vid ERP implementering. Dessa faktorer kallas för ”Critical failure factors”. Det finns idag lite empirisk forskning där information har samlats från ERP leverantörer. Forskningen som finns grundar sig i gamla teorier för vilka faktorer som bidrar positivt respektive negativt för en implementeringsprocess. Dessa teorier utgår de flesta forskare från i sina studier kring implementeringen av ERP system. Denna studie fokuserar därför på ERP leverantörernas perspektiv kring negativt bidragande faktorer vid implementering av ERP system. Stor vikt har legat på att samla in faktorer från ERP leverantörer för att vid ett senare skede i studien ställa dessa mot de faktorer som nämnts i tidigare studier för att finna samband och eventuella avvikelser. Studien använde sig av intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod och fem intervjuer har genomförts med erfarna ERP leverantörer. Resultatet av det insamlade materialet från ERP leverantörerna identifierar ett antal kritiska faktorer som kan sammankopplas med faktorer från tidigare studier. Intressant är att studien även identifierat ett antal faktorer som avviker från tidigare studier. Slutsatserna som går att dra från studien är att implementeringsprocesserna kan förbättras och bli avsevärt mycket mer effektiva med hjälp av den nya insikten i problematiken som ERP leverantörerna framför. Medvetenhet om dessa negativt bidragande faktorer vid implementering av ett ERP system bidrar med kunskap inom området för implementeringsprocesser som i sin tur kan användas av företag och privatpersoner för att underlätta och förhindra de problem som kan uppstå i en sådan process. / In recent years, the ERP system has been a key factor in successful information management and served as a foundation for many corporate organizations. Implementing a new business system is a complex process, which leads organizations having difficulties implementing the process. Implementation of business systems involves combining previously separated systems focusing on providing a more complete information resource for an organization. ERP systems accelerated during the millennium shift y2k, and many companies at the time had difficulties to implement the systems with a positive end result. Eighteen years later, the problem remains, despite the fact that ERP systems have evolved and businesses become more knowledgeable in the field. This shows a study from Panorama Consulting (2017) where it was found that 26 percent of companies failed with implementation. 74 percent exceed budget and 59 percent passed the intended schedule. To find a solution to the problem, most researchers have conducted studies focusing on identifying the negative contributing factors in ERP implementation. These factors are called "Critical failure factors". There is currently a lack of empirical research where information has been gathered from ERP providers. The research found is based on old theories for which factors contribute positively and negatively to an implementation process. These theories are being used by most researchers in their studies regarding the implementation of the ERP system. This study therefore focuses on ERP suppliers' perspectives on negative contributing factors in implementing ERP systems. Major emphasis has been placed on collecting factors from ERP providers in order that at a later stage in the study they can address the factors mentioned in previous studies to find relationships and possible deviations. The study used interviews as data collection method and five interviews have been conducted with experienced ERP providers. The result of the collected material from ERP providers identifies a number of critical factors that can be linked to factors from previous studies. Interestingly, the study also identified a number of factors that differ from previous studies. The conclusions that can be deduced from the study are that the implementation processes can be improved and become significantly more efficient with the help of the new insight into the problems that the ERP providers lifts up. Awareness of these negative contributing factors in implementing an ERP system contributes knowledge in the field of implementation processes, which in turn can be used by companies and individuals to facilitate and prevent the problems that may arise in such a process.

Submitted by Daniel Lordelo Costa Araujo (dlcaraujo@gmail.com) on 2012-07-04T04:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DOS FATORES PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS - Daniel Araujo_merged.pdf: 994081 bytes, checksum: ebf7999af48267babc51c63b5fe9c949 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-07-04T12:48:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DOS FATORES PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS - Daniel Araujo_merged.pdf: 994081 bytes, checksum: ebf7999af48267babc51c63b5fe9c949 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-04T12:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANÁLISE DOS FATORES PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS - Daniel Araujo_merged.pdf: 994081 bytes, checksum: ebf7999af48267babc51c63b5fe9c949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-04 / In The Corporative Strategy Field, several works from 1990 and 2000 year study how the strategies should be formulated to guarantee the success of the corporations. But just a few authors write about obstacles or models to enhance the strategy implementation. Based on how important the middle management is over an organizational strategy implementation, this study has the objective of identifying what motivates and influences the middle managers tounderstand the company strategies. By interviewing the middle managers from a big national bank, this study presents an investigation about similarities and differences from what the interviewed managers think versus what the strategy theory states. Considering the studies of Hornsby (2002), Okumus (2001), Noble (1999), Littler (2000), it was possible to verify that middle managers’ opinion is compatible with actual literature of the models and barriers to implement strategies subject. The main relevant factors that are critical in the strategy implementation in the view of the big national bank middle managers are: transactional, frequent and decentralized communication, the strong involvement of high management over implementation process, development of a broader and qualitative approach in the strategy implementation processes, organizational culture favorable to changes, risks and errors tolerance and clear definition of what every member of the team will earn. / No campo de 'Estratégia Empresarial', diversos estudos dos anos 1990 e 2000 tratam de como as estratégias devem ser formuladas para garantir o sucesso das organizações. Porém, nesse mesmo período, apenas alguns deles se debruçaram sobre o tema modelos e obstáculos na implantação das estratégias. Considerando que os gerentes médios são parte fundamental no sucesso da implantação das estratégias organizacionais, essa dissertação tem como objeto identificar o que motiva e influencia a atuação desses profissionais na condução da equipe e assimilação das diretrizes da empresa. Por meio de entrevistas estruturadas com gerentes médios de um grande banco nacional, esse trabalho apresenta uma investigação empírica e identifica os pontos de convergência e divergência dos entrevistados com a literatura de implantação de estratégia. Retomando as pesquisas de Hornsby (2002), Okumus (2001), Noble (1999), Littler (2000) entre outros autores, verificou-se que a visão dos gerentes médios converge e aprofunda os pontos apresentados na literatura como fundamentais na implantação das estratégias tais como: comunicação transacional, frequente, descentralizada; processos de implantação mais abrangentes, com abordagem qualitativa; alta gestão mais participativa na execução das estratégias, ambiente favorável a mudança, possibilidade de se assumir riscos e definição clara dos papéis e dos ganhos de cada membro no projeto

Despite the phenomenal innovations and huge investments in healthcare, it is evident that some digital transformation innovations in the healthcare context fail to meet their desired outcomes. Whilst some researchers argue that this is partly due to ineffective implementation, others argue otherwise. Essentially, there is an outspoken need to evaluate implementation processes, and one way to do so is through the use of an implementation framework, where one such framework showing great potential is the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). By using a qualitative case study through the lenses of the CFIR, the study carries out a summative evaluation and examination of a previously conducted implementation process in a region in the north of Sweden, with the purpose of developing a greater understanding of implementation processes in order to improve patient care, as well as experiences and outcomes of digital transformation implementations. The study successfully identifies factors of both success and challenge in relation to implementation processes, where some of the success factors include the involvement of caregivers in the process and competition of private healthcare providers, whilst some of the challenges include deficient involvement of end-users as well as lack of structure. The study unearths some lessons which can be used as a guide for future implementations within the healthcare context, but also other contexts as well.

Research Purpose: The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) is a new regulation within the EU thataims to end greenwashing, by aligning existing frameworks, expand the scope including valuechain activities, simplify reporting, and increase comparability of EU firms for investors andstakeholders. The CSRD was established in January 2023, therefore the purpose of this study isto explore and research the CSRD impact and the corporate response of firms subject to itsstandards soon. Research Question: - What are real-estate firms' corporate responses to the CSRD? - How will CSRD impact sustainability work throughout the value chain? Methodology: To answer its research question the study takes a qualitative approach, since thelack of previous research on CSRD, in order to understand the specific context of thephenomena. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with case companies and experts withinthe field of CSRD. Results: The results indicate that firms are positive to the new sustainability reporting that theCSRD proposes, it simplifies previous sustainability reporting but comes with complexities ofadministrative burden and firms having to rethink some processes. Therefore, the firms take animitative response in order to save costs and resources. The case companies perceivesustainability as crucial for survival, but mainly to build legitimacy and cost-efficiency. Thevalue chain implementation poses the biggest challenge for firms, due to lack of availability andcontrol over value chain partners outside of the EU reach.

The research study focused on assessing implementation of the turnaround management strategies in a water board. The location of the study was a water board located in the economic heart of South Africa, Rand Water. The objectives of the study were; (a) to evaluate the turnaround plans implemented in the water sector, (b) to uncover success factors attained when undertaking turnaround plans, (c) to assess selected case studies dealing with the turnaround management strategies in selected industries, and lastly (e) to derive an understanding on determinants and factors that cut across the turnaround plans. The research approach that premised the study was quantitative methodology, which involved distribution of questionnaires as part of field work in the water board. The questionnaires were analysed through statistical approach, and further linked back to the problem statement posed to the research study. Some assumptions were utilized for conducting the research project, including the statistically acceptable sample. The area of focus in the water board was Strategic Asset Management Division which was selected because of its huge impact in the planning and execution of the capital projects. Infrastructure or capital projects form the core of the business sustainability; they ensure the future of the water as well as the region of the country. Various literatures were reviewed pertaining to the turnaround management strategies and certain inferences were made. The results provide interesting relationships between variables that can be explored further. There were certain biases that were obtained, and in certain cases there was no relationships between variables and in most cases there were positive relationships. The turnaround management strategies are extensively carried out across the industries. It can be concluded from the research study that there are certain phenomenona that can be derived from the turnaround plans. It can also be deduced that certain factors or determinants demonstrate a better behaviour than others when tested in the turnaround management environment. Models can be developed utilizing regression tools pertaining to the turnaround plans and adaptation of these models based on conditions or certain unique aspects is recommended to be done. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The aim of this research was to explore empirically how firms create and implement strategic decisions (SD’s). The research was inspired by the need to understand further organizational process underpinning SD’s phenomenon and potentially contribute to the overall performance of firms. Previous research on SD’s has been focusing on the formal strategic planning approaches, which have been criticized for their highly prescriptive views of SD’s, separating creation from implementation, and focusing on the content and discrete elements rather than the holistic process. Despite all these studies, our understanding of the actual nature of the SD phenomenon from creation to implementation remains incomplete. Motivated by the need to look empirically and holistically at this very complex social phenomenon, this research problematizes the above aspects of SD’s literature and positions this research within a wider social and descriptive process based approach. The research employed qualitative and Analytic Induction (AI) methodologies, and addressed the above need in three projects. The objective of each project has evolved and lead to the emergence of the final findings, which suggest a possible answer to the overall research aim. The Scoping Study proposed a theoretical framework of successful SD’s implementation factors. Project 1 went further and investigated these factors empirically. Project 2 developed empirically the process of how people actually create and implement SD’s. In Project 3, this process was analysed through the theoretical lens of the sensemaking perspective and was applied by practitioners through an empirically tested diagnostic tool. This research has made a step towards a better understanding of SD’s in practice and contributed to the academic knowledge by proposing a different, yet viable descriptive process, which can improve the overall quality of the SD’s, and potentially lead to better performance.

This study examines implementation from national law in to local practice in the district of Kalmar to assure newly arrived immigrants orientation in civics. The study takes its starting point in Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy.  Questions that are discussed are about how  the education is understood by refugee’s coordinators, civic communicators and the new immigrates, how the organization has been and what role the demography and economic structures has played for the organization. It is a case study where interviews and enquete has been used. The district of Kalmar has in a future lack of workers why the immigrants are of interest as an asset for the labour market. Education in mother language is though expensive why resources are coordinated by the District association of Kalmar. Norms and values differ between municipalities about if the education is to be in mother language or not. Lack of economic resources makes also long travels for the pupils and that not all can take place in time for the education, for example study tours.

The research study focused on assessing implementation of the turnaround management strategies in a water board. The location of the study was a water board located in the economic heart of South Africa, Rand Water. The objectives of the study were; (a) to evaluate the turnaround plans implemented in the water sector, (b) to uncover success factors attained when undertaking turnaround plans, (c) to assess selected case studies dealing with the turnaround management strategies in selected industries, and lastly (e) to derive an understanding on determinants and factors that cut across the turnaround plans. The research approach that premised the study was quantitative methodology, which involved distribution of questionnaires as part of field work in the water board. The questionnaires were analysed through statistical approach, and further linked back to the problem statement posed to the research study. Some assumptions were utilized for conducting the research project, including the statistically acceptable sample. The area of focus in the water board was Strategic Asset Management Division which was selected because of its huge impact in the planning and execution of the capital projects. Infrastructure or capital projects form the core of the business sustainability; they ensure the future of the water as well as the region of the country. Various literatures were reviewed pertaining to the turnaround management strategies and certain inferences were made. The results provide interesting relationships between variables that can be explored further. There were certain biases that were obtained, and in certain cases there was no relationships between variables and in most cases there were positive relationships. The turnaround management strategies are extensively carried out across the industries. It can be concluded from the research study that there are certain phenomenona that can be derived from the turnaround plans. It can also be deduced that certain factors or determinants demonstrate a better behaviour than others when tested in the turnaround management environment. Models can be developed utilizing regression tools pertaining to the turnaround plans and adaptation of these models based on conditions or certain unique aspects is recommended to be done. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014