本研究旨在探討銀行消費金融業務績效獎勵制度中，升遷制度及獎金制度對於業務人員績效表現的影響，同時探討業務人員個人背景對於績效表現的差異性。研究方法以個案分析法，藉由個案銀行業務人員實際的業績資料分析，深入了解各項激勵制度的設計對於業務人員績效表現的影響，以及各類不同背景的人員在績效表現上的差異。本研究的主要發現如下： 1.藉由升遷制度的設計，可以有效激勵業務人員發揮更高的工作績效。 2.獎金制度的設計，對於業務人員績效表現的影響： (1)調降獎勵門檻，對於激勵業務人員績效提升的效果不佳；而縮減獎勵總額，獎金的激勵效果降低，業務人員的績效表現變差。 (2)利用定額目標獎勵的方式，讓業務人員容易感受到領取獎金的價值，激勵業績達成的效果明顯。 (3)獎金率調降，業務人員認為投入－產出比率與過去不相等產生失望，績效表現下滑；給付頻率較長的遞延性獎金，無法有效提升業務人員的業績產出。 (4)手續費收入獎金的設計，可以增加業務人員向客戶爭取洽收手續費的誘因，以爭取獎金。 3.不同個人背景在績效表現上的差異：(1)男性業務人員的平均業績達成高於女性業務人員，(2)年齡在26至30歲的業務人員業績達成表現較佳，(3)未婚業務人員業績表現優於已婚的業務人員，(4)學歷愈高在業績的表現上有愈好的趨勢，(5)無工作經驗及曾任職銀行的業務人員業績表現較佳，二度就業的業務人員則相對表現較差。 / The primary purpose of this study is to explore how the work performance of consumer banking sales is affected by promotion programs, bonus programs, personal background and work experiences. A case study approach is applied to study the work performance of salespersons in a large-scale bank. The empirical results of this study are stated as follows： 1.Promotion programs can motivate salespersons to create higher performance. 2.Details of the influence of bonus programs includes: (1) lowering the threshold of paying bonus can hardly motivate salespersons to improve outputs. Reducing the amount of incentive can deteriorate the capacity of a salesperson, (2) the fixed amount of bonus for certain target makes salespersons feel the value of incentive easily, so that they can reach a higher level of performance, (3) the decline in bonus rate can reduce the performance of salespersons because of unequal input-output ratio. On the other hand, deferred payments of bonus can not motivate salespersons to increase outputs. (4) Fee income bonus can boost incentives for salespersons to charge more fees for customers. 3.The salesperson’s performance can be affected by personal background: (1) performance of male salespersons is superior to that of female ones, (2) the 26 to 30 year old salespersons reach higher level of performance, (3) unmarried salespersons perform better than married ones, (4) salespersons with higher education degrees tent to deliver higher performance, (5) salespersons without work experiences and the ones who have served in other banks perform better. However, salesperson of re-employment perform relatively poor.

In this dissertation auction formats are developed and discussed that focus on three specific economic environments. Regarding the impossibility results from mechanism design, the main task for the implementation of auction designs is to balance allocative efficiency and incentive compatibility – the main characteristics a mechanism should provide. Therefore, the dissertation investigates the limits of conceivable relaxations of allocative efficiency and incentive compatibility for complex settings such as double auctions, interdependent-valuation environments and electricity market designs. The overall aim is to carefully weigh up the advantages and disadvantages for either relaxing allocative efficiency or respectively incentive compatibility.

This study aims to explain the incentives and travel patterns for people who have consumed popculture tourism. Pop-culture refers to popular products such as video-games, comic-books, literature, film and t.v-shows. Pop-culture tourism refers to destinations and attractions based on popular culture products such as conventions, events, exhibitions, theme parks and destinations. This study takes on a qualitative approach in order to do so. The results were then analyzed through four different theories; Bourdieu’s theory on different capitals, his theory on habitus, his theory on fields and Lundberg & Lexhagen’s figure: Pop-culture Tourism: A Research Model. The results showed that the respondents social upbringing and (social) media consumption plays a central role in order for individuals to consume and partake in pop-culture tourism. Results did also show that cultural capital and social capitals was prominent for individuals who consume and partake in popculture tourism. / Denna studie har som syfte att belysa individers motiv och val att besöka pop-kultursrelaterade attraktioner och destinationer. Pop-kultur i denna uppsats syftar till populära produkter såsom tvspel, serietidningar, litteratur, film och tv-serier. Pop-kultursturism syftar till destinationer och attraktioner som är baserade på de sistnämnda vilket kan vara konventioner, event, utställningar, temaparker eller destinationer. Till denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats tillämpats för att besvara uppsatsens syfte och frågeställningar genom att utföra semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades sedan genom fyra olika teorier; Bourdieu’s teorier om kapital, fält och habitus samt Lundberg och Lexhagens modell “Pop-culture Tourism: A Research model”. Resultaten visade att exponering av pop-kultur i respondenternas uppväxt, sociala umgängen och (sociala) mediekonsumtion spelade en central roll i konsumtionen och deltagandet av pop-kultursturism. Resultaten visade även att kulturellt kapital (ett intresse av en viss pop-kulturell produkt) och socialt kapital (individens habitus) var betydande för individer som deltar i pop-kultursturism.

Master thesis "The effect of incentive spirometry and postural lability on activity of respiratory muscles" deals mainly with electromyographic activity of respiratory muscles while using incentive spirometry. In the first part the following aspects of breathing are covered: kinesiology, pattern, work, and the respiratory and postural function of respiratory muscles. The next section describes the main types of incentive spirometers and indications and contraindications of their usage. Furthermore, the thesis defines neurophysiological basics needed for electromyographic usage and the influence on its signal quality. The main part of the thesis deals with the issues of incentive spirometer usage and postural lability and the effects on activity of the respiratory muscles. The final section suggests recommendations regarding the suitable position for effective respiratory-postural function training using incentive spirometry. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

introduction: The theoretical part of the thesis briefly analyzes the anatomical, kinesiological and physiological aspects of breathing, pursues the issue of examinations of lung functions and also includes a chapter which applies to incentive spirometers. The experimental part of the work examines the impact of three-week training with trainer Coach2 on parameters of respiratory gas exchange at rest and during the exercise in healthy subjects. methods: Both output and control tests included spirometry and spiroergometry examination. The experimental group consisted of 10 subjects, control group consisted of 9 subjects. results: Our results show a significant influence especially on an increase in FVC, decreased respiratory rate at submaximal intensities of exercise and increased breathing rate at maximum load and also an increase in tidal volume at all load levels. Minute ventilation at maximum load increased by an average of 15.17 liters. The control group did not show any improvement. conclusion: It appears that training with trainer Coach2 might be effective in influencing certain ventilatory parameters at rest as well as during the exercise.

The successful delivery of low-carbon housing (both new and retrofitted) is a key aspect of the UK s commitment to an 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050. In this context, the inclusion of small-scale building-integrated renewable energy technologies is an important component of low carbon design strategies, and is subject to numerous regulation and incentive schemes (including the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)) set up by government to encourage uptake and set minimum performance benchmarks. Unfortunately there are numerous examples of in-use energy and carbon performance shortfalls for new and retrofitted buildings this is termed the performance gap . Technical and human factors associated with building subsystem performance, which are often not considered in design tools used to predict performance, are the root cause of performance uncertainty. The research presented in this doctoral thesis aims to develop and apply a novel probabilistic method of evaluating the performance uncertainty of solar thermal systems installed in the UK. Analysis of measured data from a group of low carbon retrofitted dwellings revealed that the majority of buildings failed to meet the designed-for carbon emissions target with an average percentage difference of 60%. An in-depth case study technical evaluation of one of these dwellings showed significant dysfunction associated with the combined ASHP/solar thermal heating system, resulting in a performance gap of 94%, illustrating that the performance gap can be regarded as a whole-system problem, comprising a number of subsystem causal factors. Using a detailed dataset obtained from the UK s largest field trial of domestic solar thermal systems, a cross-cutting evaluation of predicted vs. measured performance similarly revealed a discrepancy with a mean percentage difference in predicted and measured annual yield of -24%. Having defined the nature and extent of underperformance for solar thermal technology in the UK, causal factors influencing performance were mapped and the associated uncertainty quantified using a novel knowledge-based Bayesian network (BN). In addition, the BN approach along with Monte Carlo sampling was applied to the well-established BREDEM model in order to quantify performance uncertainty of solar thermal systems by producing distributions of annual yield. As such, the modified BN-based BREDEM model represents a significant improvement in the prediction of performance of small-scale renewable energy technologies. Finally, financial analysis applied to the probabilistic predictions of annual yield revealed that the current UK RHI scheme is unlikely to result in positive returns on investment for solar thermal systems unless the duration of the payments is extended or electricity is the primary source of heating.

Nous nous proposons de modéliser différents types de mécanismes d'incitation salariale, de déterminer les conditions de leur mise en place et d'analyser leurs effets sur les efforts des salariés, la performance des firmes et le surplus collectif. Ces effets sont étudiés dans des cadres statique et dynamique. Les deux premiers chapitres (2 et 3) s'insèrent dans un cadre d'analyse statique. Dans les trois derniers chapitres (4, 5 et 6), nous intégrons une dimension temporelle dans l'analyse se passant dans un cadre dynamique. Dans le chapitre 2, nous analysons les déterminants de l'actionnariat salarié et évaluons son impact sur le bien être des différents agents économiques. Nous prouvons théoriquement et empiriquement, l'importance de considérer conjointement la désutilité à l'effort des salariés et la taille de l'entreprise pour expliquer l'actionnariat salarié. Nous montrons également que les entreprises assez larges vont distribuer à l'équilibre des parts de capital sous-optimales à leurs salariés. Nous comparons dans le chapitre 3, du point de vue des différents agents économiques, deux scénarios de partage du profit: un premier où la part de profit résulte d'une négociation et un second où cette part est fixée unilatéralement par les capitalistes. Nous montrons que les capitalistes peuvent préférer la négociation alors qu'il est possible pour les salariés de préférer une fixation unilatérale. Nous justifions également la nécessité d'une intervention de l'Etat, les intérêts des deux capitalistes et du planificateur social n'étant jamais convergents. / We aim at modeling various incentive mechanisms, determining the conditions of their implementation and analyzing their effects on employees’ efforts, the firm’s performance and the social welfare. These effects are studied in static and dynamic frameworks. The first two chapters (2 and 3) are parts of the static analysis. In the last three chapters (4, 5 and 6), we take into account a temporal dimension. In the chapter 2, we analyze the factors which determine the employee ownership implementation and estimate its impact on agents’ welfare. We prove the importance to consider jointly the effort disutility and size in the explanation of employee ownership implementation. We also show that large firms are going to distribute sub-optimal capital shares to their employees. We compare in the chapter 3, from the viewpoint of the various economic agents, two scenarios of profit sharing: the first one where the part of profit results from a negotiation and the second where this part is unilaterally fixed by capitalists. We show that those shareholders may prefer bargaining while it is possible for the employees to prefer a unilateral fixing of profit shares. We also justify the necessity of a regulator’s intervention as the interests of both capitalists and social planner never converge. The chapter 4 examines the optimal strategy of divesting actions by the large shareholder in an infinite horizon game where divesting shares allows an increase in the company’s value through its incentive effect on the managers’ efforts.

Förmågan att motivera medarbetare har alltid varit en viktig fråga i alla olika typer av företag. Ett verktyg som kan användas för att skapa motivation bland de anställda är incitamentssystem, både monetära samt icke-monetära. Det finns inget tydligt svar i tidigare forskning kring vad för typ av incitamentssystem som uppfattas som mest effektiva när det kommer till att motivera anställda. Exempelvis har en del studier visat att monetära incitament så som bonus har en positiv effekt på motivationen på kort sikt. Samtidigt visar andra studier att monetära incitament inte alls fungerar. Således är syftet med denna studie att beskriva och analysera hur medarbetare upplever incitamentssystem med avseende på motivation. För att uppnå detta syfte har vi genomfört en kvalitativ flerfallstudie i två olika företag där det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom intervjuer. Studiens frågeställning: Hur upplevs incitamentssystem hos medarbetare inom olika branscher med avseende på motivation? Studien har visat att icke-monetära incitament har en betydande effekt på medarbetarnas motivation i båda fallföretagen. Vidare visar resultatet att de monetära incitamenten också upplevdes som viktiga, men det empiriska materialet gällande de monetära incitamenten följde inte samma röda tråd som de icke-monetära: ett av företagen upplevde de monetära incitamenten mer viktiga med avseende på motivation än det andra företaget. / The ability to motivate employees has always been an important question in all kind of companies. One way the create motivation among the employees is to use incentive systems, both monetary and non-monetary. There are no clear answers in previous theories what kind of incentive system that perceives as the most effective in terms of motivated employees. For example, some research has shown that monetary incentives such as bonus is an effective way to motivate employees in the short term, while others disagree. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to describe and analyze how employees perceive current incentive systems in terms of motivation. To fulfill this purpose, we have done a qualitative multiple case study in two specific companies. The empirical material has been collected by interviews. The research question in the thesis is as follows: How are incentive systems perceived by employees in different line of businesses in terms of motivation? The empirical results show that non-monetary incentives have a significant impact on employees' motivation in both case studies. Furthermore, the monetary incentives perceived important as well in both case studies, but the empirical result indicated that monetary incentives didn’t follow the same consistent thread as it did in the non-monetary incentives: one of the case study perceived the monetary incentives as more important in terms of motivation than the other.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 POLLYANNA MARINHO MEDEIROS CEREWUTA.pdf: 1478388 bytes, checksum: 4c568ccbe954787f1615cee835218bba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-08 / This dissertation analyzes the inclusion of seaweed-like culture agro-energy matrix in the production of biofuels to be used in the State of Goiás, taking into the economic perspective of this undertaking and normative regulation disposed in the Programs of incentive and funding of research of species of microalgae found in the State, due the fact that research developed mainly in the United States confirmed the large lipid productivity of these great carbon dioxide catchers, the gas that simultaneously represented human progress and the atmosphere poisoning, generating numerous problems with undesirable consequences for future generations Starts from the hypotheses of the feasibility of adopting this energy matrix in the productivity of agribusinesses in Goiás, considering the public policy of encouraging and funding at the national and regional level, being a renewable and available resource in the highest degree, so meeting the paradigm provisions in international sustainability standards. Therefore, in the case of biofuels Brazil became the largest consumer of clean energy in the world only because invested for decades and still invests in research, and also intervenes in the economy by regulating the addition and disposal in the consumer market, biofuels prices more attractive than the strictly from fossil fuels. The proposal is to demonstrate that algae-culture is the most efficient energy matrix, although subject to governmental desire to become an alternative to replace fossil fuels about becoming scarce, Due to the increased energy consumption for industrial developments. The methodology to demonstrate this hypothesis comes from the analysis of bibliographic exploratory multidisciplinary branches of biology, chemical engineering, chemistry, developed in Brazil and International about the species that have greater capacity for biomass rich in triglycerides and biotechnology used for this biomass extraction, considering the costs of production, seeing the internal and regional legal standards of ethical guidance to promote sustainability, that before gaining autonomy, depend on state intervention in the market for its insertion. / Esta dissertação analisa a inserção da algacultura como matriz agroenergética na produção de biocombustíveis a ser utilizada no Estado de Goiás, levando em consideração a perspectiva econômica desse empreendimento e a regulação normativa disposta em Programas de incentivo e financiamento de pesquisa de espécies de microalgas encontradas no Estado, devido ao fato de que pesquisas desenvolvidas principalmente nos Estados Unidos da América comprovaram a grande produtividade lipídica dessas grandes captadoras de dióxido de carbono, o gás que ao mesmo tempo representou o progresso humano e o envenenamento do atmosférico, gerando inúmeros problemas indesejáveis que serão arcados pelas gerações futuras. Parte-se da hipótese da viabilidade da adoção dessa matriz energética nas cadeias produtivas do agronegócio goiano, levando em consideração as políticas públicas de incentivo e financiamento em âmbito nacional e regional, por ser um recurso renovável e disponível por excelência, assim atendendo ao paradigma de sustentabilidade disposto nas normas internacionais. Desta forma, em se tratando de biocombustíveis o Brasil só se tornou o maior consumidor de energia limpa do mundo, porque investiu por décadas e ainda investe em pesquisa, e, ainda intervém na economia regulando a adição e a disposição no mercado de consumo, biocombustíveis a preços mais atrativos que os estritamente provenientes de combustíveis fósseis. A proposta consiste em demonstrar que a algacultura é a matriz energética mais eficiente, muito embora dependa da vontade governamental para se tornar uma alternativa à substituição de combustíveis fósseis em vias de tornarem-se escassos, graças ao aumento do consumo de energia pelo desenvolvimentismo industrial. A metodologia para demonstrar essa hipótese vem da análise de pesquisa exploratória bibliográfica multidisciplinar de ramos da biologia, da engenharia química, da química, desenvolvidas no Brasil e no exterior sobre as espécies que possuem maior capacidade de biomassa rica em triglicérides e a biotecnologia utilizada para a extração dessa biomassa, considerando os custos da produção, levando em consideração as normas jurídicas internas e regionais de orientação ética à promoção da sustentabilidade, que antes de ganharem autonomia, dependem da intervenção estatal para sua inserção no mercado.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a dinâmica histórica institucional do financiamento da cultura, no Brasil e na França, no âmbito federal e central, respectivamente. Dessa forma, procurou-se examinar o contexto histórico de ambos países, em quase 60 anos. A escolha desses países se deu devido às distintas abordagens ao tema. O caso francês remete à intervenção estatal e ao financiamento direto (orçamento público), enquanto o caso brasileiro apresenta maior ênfase no mercado privado e financiamento indireto, em especial o mecenato (leis de incentivo fiscal). Para tanto, empregou-se a teoria do Institucionalismo Histórico para entender o desenvolvimento do campo, analisando-se aqui a interação entre atores, interesses e idéias, o que nos permite identificar os acontecimentos que levaram a um gradual processo de mudança institucional. A fim de complementar a análise teórica foram coletados dados, por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental, e pela realização de entrevistas, o que permitiu a interpretação e sintetização das informações, diante de uma análise histórica descritiva, com o intuito de compreender o atual formato de financiamento para o campo cultural, resultando em um estudo comparado entre Brasil e França. Ao longo dessa pesquisa foi possível verificar que ambos os países utilizam as duas formas de financiamento, adotando assim um modelo misto para a cultura. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem por finalidade apontar a dinâmica histórica do financiamento para a cultura no Brasil e na França, buscando assim contribuir para o debate de financiamento das políticas culturais / This research seeks to analyze the evolutionary process of financing culture in Brazil and France at both the federal and central level. Thus, its purpose is to examine the historical context of both countries in nearly 60 years. These countries were chosen because they provide different approaches to the subject. The French case refers to state intervention and to direct financing (public budget), while the Brazilian case emphasizes on the private market and indirect financing, especially patronage (fiscal incentive laws). To do so, we used the theory of Historical Institutionalism to understand the development of the field, analyzing here the interaction between actors, interests and ideas, allowing us to identify the events that led to a gradual process of institutional change. In order to complement the theoretical analysis, data were collected through bibliographical and documentary analysis and by conducting some interviews as well. This enabled us to interpret and synthesize the given information and mold it into a descriptive historical analysis, aiming to understand the current financing format for the cultural field, which resulted in a comparative study between Brazil and France. It was possible to verify in this research, that both countries use both financing forms, therefore adopting a mixed model for culture. Thus, this study aims to identify the evolution of financing for culture in Brazil and France, seeking to contribute to the debate of cultural policies financing