Digitaliseringen inom industrin medför ett antal utmaningar där manuella tillståndskontroller övergår till digitaliserade mätningar. Utmaningarna som uppstår med det nya arbetssättet är vilken data som ska samlas in samt hur den genererade data ska analyseras. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att förslå åtgärder för att effektivisera och implementera Industri 4.0 (Smart Maintenance) genom prediktivt underhåll på Scania. Således uppnås en mer kostnadseffektiv verksamhet samtidigt som det bidrar till att skapa ett hållbarare företag. Detta genom att utnyttja komponenters fulla livslängd och inte utföra onödigt underhåll. Det prediktiva underhållet kommer medföra en högre tillgänglighet och tillförlitlighet inom maskinparken på Scanias cylinderhuvudlinje. För att implementera underhållsstrategin i examensarbetet så används en mjukvara som skapats av styrsystems leverantör FANUC. Mjukvaran är ett mätverktyg som heter Servo Viewer och kan mäta maskinens status genom att avläsa procentsatsen utav den totala mängden vridmoment som bildas samt positionsfel under maskinens körning. Ett arbetssätt för att automatisera analysering av data som hämtas ifrån Servo Viewer är att mätningarna samlas i databasen MT-LINKi för att sedan kunna analyseras av ett program FANUC AI Servo Monitor. Den slutsats som kan dras av arbetet är att det går att använda FANUC Servo Viewer till att avläsa maskinens kondition och därmed prediktera när underhåll behöver utföras eftersom det går att avläsa avvikande faktorer under mätningarna. Vid dessa faktorer går det att sätta triggers som kommer larma i systemet när maskinen överstiger dem. De komponenter som mjukvaran kommer varna systemet för är alla komponenter som har en påverkande faktor på fleroperationsmaskinen. Dessa komponenter kan vara allt från kulskruvar, linjärstyrning, pulsgivare, remmar, servomotorer och servokort. Men arbetet är inte ett färdigt koncept i sig, det behövs fler mätningar över tid för att kunna skapa ett tydligare normalläge samt identifiera felutvecklingskurvor för att ställa in triggers i mjukvaran. Eftersom analys och insamling av mätdata blev mer tidkrävande än planerat så har ej utvärderingen av MT-LINKi samt AI Servo Monitor utförts och en vidare beskrivning av arbetet har lämnats. / Digitalization in the manufacturing industry involves many challenges due to moving from manual controls towards digitalized condition monitoring. The challenges that occur with the new way of working is what data should be collected and how it should be analyzed. This thesis aims to streamline the industry and implement Industry 4.0 and Smart Maintenance through predictive maintenance in Scania. In this way a more cost-effective business is achieved at the same time as it contributes to creating a more sustainable company. The predictive maintenance will lead to a higher availability and reliability within the machine park at Scania´s cylinder head line. To be able to implement the maintenance strategy a software created by FANUC, the system supplier, is used. The software is a measuring tool called Servo Viewer and it can analyze the status of the machine by measuring the percentage of the total amount of torque that is available and the position error while the machine is running. The thesis also aims to investigate how to automatize the measurements within a database called MT-LINKi and later be analyzed by a software called AI Servo Monitor. The conclusion that can be drawn from the thesis is that it is possible to use FANUC Servo Viewer to measure the condition of the machine and therefore being able to predict when the maintenance needs to be performed as it is possible to read deviating factors during the measurements. With these factors it is possible to set triggers that will alarm the system when the machine exceeds them. Some of the components that will be possible to monitor condition for, are ball screws, linear control, encoders, belts, servomotors and servo cards. However the work isn’t not a complete concept in itself, more measurements are needed to be performed over time to create a normal situation and identify error development graphs to set the triggers in the software. As analysis and collection of measurement data became more time consuming than planned, the evaluation of MT-LINKi and AI Servo Monitor has not been performed and a further description of the work has been provided.

Yes / Advancing Industry 4.0 concepts by mapping the product of the automotive industry on the spectrum of Cyber Physical Systems, we immediately recognise the convoluted processes involved in the design of new generation vehicles. New technologies developed around the communication core (IoT) enable novel interactions with data. Our framework employs previously untapped data from vehicles in the field for intelligent vehicle health management and knowledge integration into design. Firstly, the concept of an inter-disciplinary artefact is introduced to support the dynamic alignment of disparate functions, so that cyber variables change when physical variables change. Secondly, the axiomatic categorisation (AC) framework simulates functional transformations from artefact to artefact, to monitor and control automotive systems rather than components. Herein, an artefact is defined as a triad of the physical and engineered component, the information processing entity, and communication devices at their interface. Variable changes are modelled using AC, in conjunction with the artefacts, to aggregate functional transformations within the conceptual boundary of a physical system of systems. / Jaguar Land Rover funded research “Intelligent Personalised Powertrain Healthcare” 2016-2019

Manufacturing management and operations place heavy emphasis on monitoring and improving production performance. This supervision is accomplished through strategies of manufacturing performance management, a set of measurements and methods used to monitor production conditions. Over the last thirty years the most prevalent measurement of traditional performance management has been overall equipment effectiveness, a percentile summary metric of a machine's utilization. The technologies encapsulated by Industry 4.0 have expanded the ability to gather, process, and store vast quantities of data, creating opportunity to innovate on how performance is measured. A new method of managing manufacturing performance utilizing Industry 4.0 technologies has been proposed by McKinsey & Company and software tools have been developed by PTC Inc. to aid in performing what they both call digital performance management. To evaluate this new approach, the digital performance management tool was deployed on a Festo Cyber-Physical Lab, an educational mock production environment, and compared to a digitally enabled traditional performance management solution. Results from a multi-day production period displayed an increased level of detail in both the data presented to the user and the insights gained from the digital performance management solution as compared to the traditional approach. The time unit measurements presented by digital performance management paint a clear picture of what and where losses are occurring during production and the impact of those losses. This is contrasted by the single summary metric of a traditional performance management approach, which easily obfuscates the constituent data and requires further investigation to determine what and where production losses are occurring.

No description available.

yes / Applications of autonomous systems are becoming increasingly common across the field of engineered systems from cars, drones, manufacturing systems and medical devices, addressing prevailing societal changes, and, increasingly, consumer demand. Autonomous systems are expected to self-manage and self-certify against risks affecting the mission, safety and asset integrity. While significant progress has been achieved in relation to the modelling of safety and safety assurance of autonomous systems, no similar approach is available for resilience that integrates coherently across the cyber and physical parts. This paper presents a comprehensive discussion of resilience in the context of robotic autonomous systems, covering both resilience by design and resilience by reaction, and proposes a conceptual model of a system of learning for resilience assurance in a continuous product development framework. The resilience assurance model is proposed as a composable digital artefact, underpinned by a rigorous model-based resilience analysis at the system design stage, and dynamically monitored and continuously updated at run time in the system operation stage, with machine learning based knowledge extraction and validation.

Yes / The technological choices facing the manufacturing industry are vast and complex as the industry contemplates the increasing levels of digitization and automation in readiness for the modern competitive age. These changes broadly categorized as Industry 4.0, offer significant transformation challenges and opportunities, impacting a multitude of operational aspects of manufacturing organizations. As manufacturers seek to deliver increased levels of productivity and adaptation by innovating many aspects of their business and operational processes, significant challenges and barriers remain. The roadmap toward Industry 4.0 is complex and multifaceted, as manufacturers seek to transition toward new and emerging technologies, whilst retaining operational effectiveness and a sustainability focus. This study approaches many of these significant themes by presenting a critical evaluation of the core topics impacting the next generation of manufacturers, challenges and key barriers to implementation. These factors are further evaluated via the presentation of a new Industry 4.0 framework and alignment of I4.0 themes with the UN Sustainability Goals.

Yes / In order to grow the food the world needs, there is a pressing need to gain a more detailed understanding of how innovative solutions can be incorporated into the agricultural supply chains, particularly within production, for environmentally, economically, ethically and socially viable food production. Despite a number of innovative solutions available, many challenges in agricultural supply are still prevalent, with researchers to date largely focusing on these challenges in isolation, as opposed to exploring the relationships held between these challenges. Thus, supported by Circular Economy, Agriculture, Industry 4.0 literature and expert opinions, agricultural supply chain challenges are modelled and analysed using ISM methodology to help uncover 12 agricultural challenges which ultimately impede goods moving within the supply chain. Findings discovered that the Unproductive Workers and Pesticide Hazards are the key drivers of agricultural challenges. The ISM Hierarchical model elucidates research propositions and a parsimonious model for future research.

Yes / This study aims to identify how environmental, technological, and social factors influence the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the context of digital manufacturing. The Industry 4.0 era has brought a breakthrough in advanced technologies in fields such as nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, fifth-generation wireless technology, fully autonomous vehicles, 3D printing and so on. In this study, we attempted to identify the socioenvironmental and technological factors that influence the adoption of artificial intelligence embedded technology by digital manufacturing and production organizations. In doing so, the extended technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework is used to explore the applicability of Industry 4.0. A conceptual model was proposed that used an integrated technology acceptance model (TAM)-TOE model and was tested using survey-based data collected from 340 employees of small, medium and large organizations. The results highlight that all the relationships, except organizational readiness, organizational compatibility and partner support on perceived ease of use, were found to be significant in the context of digital manufacturing and production organizations. The results further indicated that leadership support acts as a countable factor to moderate such an adoption.

Yes / The developments brought by Industry 4.0 have spread to various components in a supply chain, where logistics is of utmost importance due to the intermediate role of logistics service providers (LSPs) operating among different actors. Despite such a vital role, the extant literature lacks from the extensive analysis of Industry 4.0 implementations in the logistics industry, particularly for LSPs. Accordingly, this study sets out to investigate, comprehensively, Industry 4.0 projections in logistics and their reflections on LSPs by adopting a multidimensional approach. In this respect, the key themes influenced by Industry 4.0 developments are initially determined through a structured survey conducted in the Turkish logistics industry. Then, in the same industry, both the probabilities and the impacts of Industry 4.0-focused thematic statements are examined through an integrative interview survey, which also incorporates ‘why-type’ of questions. Consequently, this study offers academic implications in terms of demonstrating possible changes in the logistics industry from the operational, financial, and human resources aspects. Additionally, the findings serve as a reference for logistics professionals while fostering their competitive Industry 4.0 initiatives and facilitating their strategic decisions.

Yes / The linear economic business model was deemed unsustainable, necessitating the emergence of the circular economy (CE) business model. Due to resource scarcity, increasing population, and high food waste levels, the food sector has been facing significant sustainability challenges. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly those in the food sector, are making efforts to become more sustainable and to adopt new business models such as the CE, but adoption rates remain low. Industry 4.0 and its associated technological applications have the potential to enable CE implementation and boost business competitiveness. In the context of emerging economies facing significant resource scarcity constraints and limited technology availability, CE principles need to be adapted. CE could create a new job economy in emerging economies, bringing scale and a competitive advantage. This study explores the enablers of and barriers to Industry 4.0 adoption for CE implementation in fruit and vegetable SMEs in India from a resource-based perspective. The purpose is to develop an evidence-based framework to help inform theory and practice about CE implementation by SMEs in emerging economies. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in food SMEs. The interview transcripts were first subjected to thematic analysis. The analysis was then complemented with sentiment and emotion analyses. Subsequently, hierarchical cluster analysis, k-means analysis, and linear projection analysis were performed. Among others, the findings suggest that Industry 4.0 plays a key role in implementing CE in SMEs in emerging economies such as India. However, there are specific enablers and barriers that need to be considered by SMEs to develop the resources and capabilities needed for CE competitive advantage.