Durante los últimos 10 años la necesidad de contar con un efectivo gobierno de TI se hace indispensable para las empresas que quieren lograr una ventaja competitiva en el mercado. El plan estratégico de las empresas debe contener su plan a futuro y las acciones que debe realizar para lograrlo. Asimismo, sus objetivos estratégicos deben estar alineados con los procesos de TI. Bajo este escenario, en el que se presenta un constante cambio, muchas empresas se enfrentan a problemas de bajo nivel de control y uso inadecuado de recursos, causados por la baja concientización de un Gobierno de TI, que posteriormente desencadenan en una insuficiente definición de procesos, en la carencia de la evaluación de capacidades de procesos y en la falta de iniciativa para la mejora continua. Asimismo, a través de la tecnología se busca transformar el proceso de negocio de operación de pesca porque está asociado a los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa. Por ende, cualquier impacto negativo se ve reflejado en la rentabilidad y costos Ante esta situación, se desarrolla la propuesta para el caso de estudio de una empresa del sector pesquero, en el que se propone mejorar los procesos de TI mediante un marco de trabajo basado en COBIT PAM y transformar el proceso de operación de pesca utilizando la tecnología basada en internet de las cosas para consolidar este proceso obteniendo rentabilidad y reduciendo costos. / During the past 10 years the need for effective IT governance has become indispensable for companies that want to gain a competitive advantage in the market. The strategic business plan must contain its future plan and the actions it must take to achieve it. At the same time, its strategic objectives should be aligned with the IT processes. Under this scenario, in which there is constant change, many companies face problems of low level of control and inaddecuate use of resources, caused by the lack of awareness of an IT Government, which subsequently trigger an insufficient process definition, in the carence of evaluation of process capacities and in the lack of initiative for continuous improvement. Likewise, technology seeks to transform the fishing operation business process because it is associated with the company's strategic objectives. Therefore, any negative impact is reflected in profitability and costs. Given this situation, the proposal is developed for the case study of a company in the fishery sector, in which it is proposed to improve IT processes through a framework based on COBIT PAM and transform the fishing operation process using technology based on the internet of things to consolidate this process obtaining profitability and reducing costs. / Tesis

As the rise of Industry 4.0 sheds light on many emerging technologies, oursociety will change with it. While it brings forth many positive aspects, itcannot be ignored the socio-economic problems we may face in the future.Many jobs will be transformed, manual labour such as order picking, forkliftdriving will be vanishing, and humanity will have to adapt, as we have for theprevious industrial revolutions.Educating the industrial workers that face unemployment due to automationis an important ethical matter, but can we as humans develop our knowledgewith the technology, as opposed to adapting to it? This thesis uses methodsof interaction design to create an alternative educational format, forindustrial workers to learn about the Internet of Things, an essentialcomponent of Industry 4.0.The result of this is TIOTTA (Teaching Internet of Things ThroughApplication), a contextual learning material designed together with industrialworkers.

I den fluktuerande digitaliseringsvågen har den fjärde industriella revolutionen eller Industry4.0 initierat inom tillverkningsindustrin vilket påskyndar företag att anpassa och förändra helaverksamheter för att vara fortsatt konkurrenskraftiga. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) harblivit en central del av denna förändring för tillverkningsföretag och kan förklaras som företagsom utnyttjar enheter för att samla data i realtid och i sin tur gå mer mot den smarta fabriken.En rad olika möjligheter kan genomföras för industrier med uppgången av IIoT, även omframgången med denna förändring kan variera mellan olika företag beroende på storlek,resurser och ekonomisk stabilitet. Parallellt med möjligheterna uppstår även utmaningar förföretag, särskilt små och medelstora företag, då dessa saknar ekonomiska resurser och storlekför att kunna omfördela och omvandla sin verksamhet. I denna studie har målet varit att skildrahur medelstora tillverkningsföretag hanterar implementeringen av IIoT och den smartafabriken för att anpassa sig till det ständigt föränderliga tekniska paradigm som Industry 4.0har introducerat. Slutsatser har dragits utifrån kombinationen av en teoretisk ram ochintervjuer med sex svenska medelstora tillverkningsföretag. Digitaliseringsstrategier förtillverkningsföretag varierar beroende på bransch. Det finns emellertid enighet om att insatserför en digitaliserad produktion måste ske för att förbli konkurrenskraftig där automatisering,övervakning och kontroll av processer inom IIoT är nyckelfaktorer för att förblikonkurrenskraftiga. Tidsplanen och implementeringsnivån kan också variera beroende pådigital kompetens och motståndskraft mot förändring från personalen. Viktigt att poängtera äratt sambandet mellan IIoT, digitalisering och ökad konkurrenskraft inte är de enda faktorernasom krävs utan det finns fler faktorer att beakta. Studien pekar även på att konkurrensfördelarsällan är det främsta skälet till att företag väljer att digitalisera och implementera IIoT. / In the fluctuating wave of digitization, the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0 in themanufacturing industry, has begun that has accelerated industries and companies to adapt andchange their whole business to maintain competitive. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) hasbecome a central part of this change for manufacturing companies and can be interpreted ascompanies taking advantage of units to gather real-time data and in turn, lean towards thesmart factory. A range of possibilities can be accessed by industries with the rise of IIoT,though the success of this change can differ between different companies depending on size,resources, and economic stability. Parallel to the opportunities, challenges arises forcompanies, especially small and middle-sized enterprises, that lack the economic resourcesand scale to redistribute and transform their business. In this paper, the goal has been todistinguish how middle-sized manufacturing companies handle the implementation of IIoT andthe smart factory in order to adapt to the ever-changing technical paradigm that Industry 4.0has introduced. Conclusions have been drawn from the combination of a theoretical frameworkand interviews with six Swedish middle-sized manufacturing companies. The digitizationstrategy for manufacturing companies varies from industries. However, there is a consensusthat efforts towards a digitized production must take place in order to stay competitive whereautomation-, monitoring-, and controlling processes within IIoT are main factors to staycompetitive. The pace and level of implementation can also differ depending on digitalqualification and resistance to change from the staff. Important to note is that the relationbetween IIoT, digitization and increased competitiveness is not the only factors that aresignificant as there are more things to consider. The study also shows that competitiveadvantages are rarely the main reason why companies choose to digitize and implement IIoT.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how secondary high school students can be informed about smart industry using Augmented Reality (AR) and gamification together with a physical component. This thesis is a collaboration between Cybercom and the project Smarta Fabriker (Smart Factories). The intended outcome of this project is as an AR solution part of the project Smarta Fabriker. To gather inspiration about student interests to act as a base for the design of the physical component included in this project, interviews were conducted. Six concepts for physical components were proposed and resulted in a combination of two of the concepts. To investigate the gamification part of the project, a workshop was held with students. The workshop data was used as a base for the game concept of this project. The final game concept together with the physical component was then tested with users through a final Virtual Reality (VR) prototype to determine the outcome of this project. Main results were positive and most of the students could see themselves using the intended AR solution of this project.

Bakgrund: Under de senaste tio åren har världen fått uppleva en våg av innovationer och teknologier som svept över produktionsanläggningar, detta fenomen kallas industri 4.0 eller den fjärde industriella revolutionen. En av de industrier som industri 4.0 har haft en stor påverkan på är stålindustrin. Hur kommer en högre grad av digitalisering påverka ekosystemet inom en industri där många av aktörerna är anpassade till traditionella och konventionella tillvägagångssätt? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med en ökad förståelse kring hur ett ekosystem inom den svenska stålindustrin kommer förändras i takt med utvecklingen och anpassningen till industri 4.0. Genomförande: Denna studie har utgångpunkt i en abduktiv ansats och med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Intervjuer har utförts med sjuföretag med koppling till den svenska stålindustrin. Slutsats: Studien har bidragit till slutsatsen att SSAB:s ekosystem kommer röra sig mot att bli mer integrerat företagen emellan och samtliga aktörer kommer agera mer för ekosystemets hälsa och det gemensamt skapade värdet. Detta kommer karaktäriseras av ett större förmedlande av data och i sin tur värde genom hela ekosystemet. Det som ligger till grund för att detta ska ske är förändringen av företagens affärsmodeller. Tjänstefiering har blivit och kommer bli allt mer vanligt bland företag inom stålindustrin. Förändringen av ekosystemet kommer kräva att företag måste leverera mer än bara stålet; det är data och tjänster kopplat till produkten som kommer bli allt mer viktigt. För att detta ska realiseras krävs det dock specifika kompetenser inom respektive företag, vilka är intern kompetens, rättledarskap och ökad transparens. Dessa tre kompetenser blir således grundstenarna till att ekosystemet slutligen kommer att förändras. / Background: Over the past 10 years, the world has experienced a wave of innovations and technologies that has swept across production facilities, this phenomenon is known as Industry 4.0 or the Fourth Industrial Revolution. One of the industries that Industry 4.0 has had a major impact on is the steel industry. How will a higher degree of digitalization affect the ecosystem of an industry where many of the players are adapted to traditional and conventional approaches? Purpose: The purpose with this study is to contribute with a higher knowledge about how an ecosystem within the Swedish steel industry will change along with the development of and adaption to industry 4.0. Completion: This study is based on an abductive perspective and with a qualitative approach. Interviews have been conducted with seven companies with links to the Swedish steel industry. Conclusion: The study has contributed to the conclusion that SSAB's ecosystem will move towards becoming more integrated between the companies and all players will act more for the health of the ecosystem and the jointly created value. This will be characterized by a greater dissemination of data and, in turn, value throughout the ecosystem. The basis for this to happen is the change in the companies' business models. Servitization have become and will become more and more common among companies in the steel industry. The change in the ecosystem will require companies to deliver more than just the steel; it is data and services linked to the product that will become increasingly important. However, in order to achieve this, specific competencies within each company are required, which are internal competence, the right leadership and increased transparency. These three competencies thus become the cornerstones for the ecosystem to eventually change.

Acteurs majeurs de l’industrie, les PME (Petites et Moyennes Entreprises) doivent répondre à des exigences toujours plus complexes de leurs clients. L’une des solutions est l’amélioration du pilotage des processus industriels qui comprend la planification et l’exploitation des ressources, le contrôle de la production, la mesure et l’évaluation de la performance. Récemment est né le concept d’industrie 4.0 qui vise au pilotage de la chaîne logistique par la synchronisation en temps réel des flux pour tendre à la fabrication unitaire et personnalisée. Ce concept se base sur l’émergence de nouvelles technologies telles que l’internet des objets et le cloud computing. Notre objectif est d’identifier les risques, les opportunités et les facteurs critiques de succès de l’industrie 4.0 concernant la performance industrielle des PME. Nos premiers travaux montrent que les PME présentent des caractéristiques managériales propres qui peuvent venir à l’encontre des prérequis nécessaires à l’exploitation de l’industrie 4.0. Notre revue de la littérature montre d’une part des disparités dans les cas d’application de l’industrie 4.0 dans les PME, et d’autre part que ces cas sont peu documentés. La difficulté inhérente à l’identification de cas concrets ne nous a pas permis d’organiser une étude statistique de l’application de l’industrie 4.0. Afin de répondre à nos objectifs, nous avons ainsi organisé une étude prospective par consultation d’experts. Cette étude a montré que le manque d’expertise et la stratégie à courte vue sont les risques les plus importants de l’industrie 4.0 dans les PME. L’étude montre également que la formation est le facteur de réussite le plus important, que le dirigeant joue un rôle prépondérant dans la réussite et/ou l’échec d’un projet industrie 4.0 et qu’il est conseillé de se faire accompagner par des experts pour tout projet d’industrie 4.0. Enfin, l’industrie 4.0 est une opportunité exceptionnelle de repenser les processus de production, mais également de proposer de nouveaux modèles d’affaires pour les PME. Les PME présentent des atouts majeurs face à cette révolution industrielle et elles doivent en tirer profit pour ne pas perdre leur avantage concurrentiel vis-à-vis des grandes entreprises. / The SMEs, predominant actors of the industry, have to reach customer expectations that are more and more complex. One of the solutions is to improve the management of the industrial processes which includes production planning and control, performance measurement and evaluation. Lately the concept of industry 4.0 has emerged. This new approach allows the control of production processes by providing real time synchronization of flows and by enabling the production of unitary and customized products. This concept is based on emerging new technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things. Our research goal is to identify the industry 4.0 risks, opportunities and critical success factors regarding SMEs industrial performances. Our first work shows that the SMEs have their own specific managerial features that may undermine the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept. Our review of the scientific literature also shows that there are disparities between industry 4.0 business cases in SMEs. These business cases are also poorly documented a provide only few insights for SMEs managers. The inherent difficulty to identify detailed examples prevented us from conducting a statistical study of the industry 4.0 cases within SMEs. In order to reach our research goal, we conducted a prospective study by consulting experts. Our study shows that the major risks facing the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept in SMEs is the lack of expertise and the short-term strategy mindset. The study also shows that training is the most important success factor, that managers have a prominent role in the success and/or the failure of an industry 4.0 project, and that SMEs should be supported by external experts. Lastly, industry 4.0 offers a unique opportunity to redesign SMEs production processes and to adopt new business models. SMEs have decisive advantages toward this industrial revolution that they must use in order to keep their competitive advantages against large company.

This paper describes the development of a proof-of-concept application, which can be used to train people in the field of programmable logic controller (PLC) and robot programming. This concept leads to a better understanding, what kind of infrastructure and software packages can be combined, to not only have a visual representation of an industrial like scenario, but also the possibility to use commonly established programming environments such as TIA Portal, to set up a PLC program. In addi-tion, it provides insights on how OPC UA can be used and is suitable for controlling a typical six-axis industrial robot with the help of a PLC.

Circularity and sustainability, these are terms that are discussed in many different ways in current research due to the climate crisis. To face the challenges of the climate crisis and new consumer behaviour, the still emerging concept of Industry 4.0 is considered in different ways. When it comes to circularity, this thesis highlights and focuses on the circularity part of reverse logistics or in other words, the reverse flow of goods in a supply chain. These themes are interrelated but not seen as a whole by research so far. This thesis analyses which Industry 4.0 technologies can be used in reverse logistics, what economic, environmental and social effects they have and how they can be measured. Methodologically, we combine exploratory and explanatory research with a deductive way of reasoning, where we analyse data of 4 interviews and 2 surveys in at total 5 Swedish and German manufacturing companies out of the mining, construction equipment, electronics, fasteners and communication industry with a multi method qualitative approach. This is done with the help of literature related to Industry 4.0, reverse logistics as well as environmental, economical and social sustainability. Our results are that the most used Industry 4.0 technologies by manufacturing companies in reverse logistics are Big Data, CPS, IoT and AI. When it comes to sustainability effects and measurements, the companies mostly are focusing on economical and environmental sustainability, while social sustainability is not observed to a similar extent. Especially environmental effects are seen and measured as these figures are important and in demand at the market right now, while economical effects are more often measured with regular KPIs and social effects are not considered as much.

Manufacturing companies are faced with challenges associated with the fluctuating demand in consumer purchases. As a result, broader families of varyingly manufactured products are on the rise, which poses a significant workload problem for production engineers involved with process planning. The aim of this paper is therefore to introduce Feature-based Machining, as an endorsed CAM-based method to alleviate such workload involved when planning for machining processes. Feature-based Machining does this by eliminating conventional work steps associated with Computer-aided Manufacturing, such as defining cutting parameters, tool associations, feeds and speeds, tool-path generation, and more. By recognizing features over a given workpiece, several pre-taught operations can be automatically generated in response, following an established library of machining knowledge. The methodology of preparing Feature-based Machining is an extensive process that is to be detailed comprehensively in this project, so that future projects and industries may adopt it as a resolute method towards process planning. Moreover, relevant subjects such as sustainability, ethical concerns and innovation are also to be reflected on from the perspective of Feature-based Machining, to provide for fruitful discussion surrounding strategies and implementation.Furthermore, it is also relevant to discuss the intuitiveness and transparency of computer[1]aided software, as it relates to any issues or hurdles that may be encountered during the process of applying Feature-based Machining. Despite such challenges, this project has resulted in a visual framework of recognizing features and applying processes across a family of crankshaft workpieces, where the utility of Feature-based Machining has proven significantly promising for industries of the future, as a result. Future work is also encouraged to follow up on the significance of Virtual Commissioning to this part, as well as a thorough review of Feature-based Machining as a modern subject.

The manufacturing industry stands before the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, caused by fast-changing technology and implementation of digitalization. Manufacturing companies need to realize and adapt to these changes to maintain their competitive advantage. Many of the companies in the industry struggle to understand how to start their transformation and what benefits are connected to their workshops. To aid in this complex situation there are maturity models developed to assist companies in this transformation.Sandvik Coromant are one of the biggest companies within the metal cutting manufacturing industry and they want to aid their customers on the digitalization transformation journey by developing a maturity evaluation model. There is currently no model on the market aimed at the CNC manufacturing industry and earlier research have identified that existing models are ill-fitting towards small and medium enterprises. Therefore, this thesis aimed at investigating how the CNC manufacturing industry can benefit from digitalization and to develop a maturity model by answering the following research question, “How should a maturity model be structured in order to provide companies of all scales and in all segments within CNC manufacturing with information regarding how to move forward on their digitalization journey?”The maturity model was developed through an extensive literature search and an iterative process with focus on the users of the model. A total of 28 initial interviews were performed that lead up to six concept iterations assessed by 27 concept tests. The finalized maturity model evaluates a company through questions regarding the current and future target state within 4 dimensions, Data collection, Data analysis, Software and Employees & Competences. By answering these questions, the company is provided with a radar chart displaying their current and future state in relation to each other and to a benchmark company. They are further provided with stories from similar companies aimed at contributing with suggestions for how to move forward in their transformation. The model structure and questions are developed to suit companies of all scales and within all segments of the CNC manufacturing industry. / Tillverkningsindustrin står inför den fjärde industriella revolutionen, Industri 4.0, orsakad av snabb utveckling av teknik och implementering av digitalisering. Tillverkande företag måste skapa förståelse för och anpassa sig till dessa förändringar för att bibehålla sin konkurrenskraft. Många företag inom industrin har svårt att förstå hur de ska starta sin förändring och vilka fördelar som finns i anslutning till deras verkstäder. För att underlätta den komplicerade situationen finns idag mognadsmodeller utvecklade för att hjälpa företag i deras digitala förändringsarbete.Sandvik Coromant är ett av de största företagen inom metallbearbetnings industrin och de vill hjälpa sina kunder genom att utveckla en utvärderingsmodell för digital mognad. I dagsläget finns det ingen modell på marknaden riktad mot CNC-tillverkningsindustrin och tidigare forskning har identifierat de existerande modellernas dåliga anpassning mot små- och medelstora företag. Därav är syftet med detta arbeta att undersöka vilka fördelar CNC-tillverkningsindustrin kan se genom digitalisering samt att utveckla en mognadsmodell genom att svara på följande forskningsfråga, “Hur ska en mognadsmodell vara uppbyggd för att förse företag av alla storlekar och inom alla segment av CNC-tillverkningsindustrin med information kring hur de ska fortsätta framåt i sitt digitala förändringsarbete?”Den digitala mognadsmodellen utvecklades genom en grundlig litteraturstudie och en iterativ process med fokus på användaren av modellen. 28 inledande intervjuer hölls vilket ledde till sex konceptiterationer utvärderade genom 27 koncept test. Den slutgiltiga mognadsmodellen utvärderar ett företag genom frågor kring nuvarande situation samt framtida målbild inom 4 dimensioner, Datainsamling, Dataanalys, Mjukvaror och Anställda & kompetenser. Genom att besvara frågorna blir företaget försett med ett radardiagram vilket visar nuvarande och framtida situation i relation till varandra samt ett benchmark företag. De blir vidare försedda med historier från liknande företag med målet att föreslå sätt att ta sig framåt i deras förändringsarbete. Modellens struktur och frågor är skapade för att passa alla storlekar av företag inom alla segment av CNC-tillverkningsindustrin.