A colaboração aberta tem se apresentada cada vez mais como uma forma das organizações melhorarem sua competitividade e a sua capacidade de inovação. Depois de um pouco mais de dez anos desde que o conceito foi lançado é preciso começar a consolidá-lo em termos de quais aspectos devem ser observados ao implementar uma iniciativa de colaboração aberta e como mensurar estes resultados. Indo um pouco mais além, é preciso compreender a influência que o desempenho da colaboração aberta tem sobre o desempenho organizacional. No entanto, este tem sido um ponto que ainda gera muitas discussões. Não há ainda um consenso em como mensurar e o que deve ser mensurado para que os reais benefícios da colaboração aberta possam ser identificados. Dado o contexto acima, esta tese se propôs a investigar como as organizações buscam mensurar os impactos da prática da colaboração aberta e compreender se existe uma relação positiva entre o desempenho da colaboração e o desempenho organizacional. Adicionalmente, esta tese investigou a relevância dos fatores influenciadores do desempenho da colaboração aberta indicados na literatura. Como abordagem metodológica foi escolhida a abordagem mista entre a pesquisa qualitativa e a pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de caso em quatro empresas de grande porte. Os resultados trouxeram importantes percepções quanto à importância da existência de uma orientação estratégica para a implementação de um projeto de colaboração aberta. Para a pesquisa quantitativa foi proposto um instrumento de pesquisa para avaliar a relevância do relacionamento entre o desempenho da colaboração aberta (DCOL) e o desempenho organizacional (DORG). Este instrumento também avaliou qual a relevância que os fatores influenciadores Tecnologia da Informação (TEC), Motivação para iniciar um projeto de colaboração aberta (MOT), o papel desempenhado pelos colaboradores (USU) e a tipologia adotada para operacionalizar a colaboração (TIP) têm sobre o desempenho da colaboração aberta. Para a análise dos dados foi aplicada a técnica da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) com estimação pelo método Partial Least Squares (PLS), por meio do software SmartPLS 3.2.1. Os resultados indicaram uma relação significativa entre o DCOL e DORG. / Open collaboration has presented itself as an important way for organizations to improve their competitiveness and their ability to innovate. A little more than ten years has passed since the concept was launched, but it is still necessary to make advances in order to consolidate the concept in terms of what aspects are important to implement an open collaborative initiative and how to measure these results. Moreover, it is necessary a better understanding about open collaboration influence over the organizational performance. There is no consensus about how to measure and what should be measured in order to identify the real benefits of open collaboration. Grounded in the literature and the gap mentioned, this thesis aimed at investigating how organizations are measuring the open collaboration performance and also to understand if there is a positive correlation between collaboration performance and organizational performance. Additionally, this thesis also aimed at understanding the relevance of the open collaboration influencing factors. A mixed method research was employed. The qualitative research was carried out through a case study in four large companies. The results brought important insights regarding the importance of strategic orientation for the implementation of an open collaborative project. For the quantitative research, an instrument was proposed to assess the relevance of the relationship between open collaboration performance (DCOL) and organizational performance (DORG). This instrument also assessed the relevance of the open collaboration influencing factors over open collaboration performance: Information Technology (CET), Motivation to initiate an open collaboration project (MOT), the role played by users (USU) and the typology adopted to operationalize the collaboration (TIP). To analyze the data a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was applied with estimation method Partial Least Squares (PLS) using the software SmartPLS 3.2.1. The structural model analysis showed significant relationship between DCOL and DORG.

Introduction. The implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) is a strategic action to optimize the pharmacotherapy of hospitalized patients. Although many studies have shown beneficial results for CPS, they are not uniformly established in hospitals worldwide, including in Brazil. To know the factors that influence CPS deployment and to identify where they act is the first step toward successful adoption of these services in hospitals. Aim. To identify the factors that affect the CPS implementation in the hospital setting and to analyze them using the Apoteca domains. Methods. The study was carried out in five stages. (1) Framework development to analyze factors that influence the implementation of SCF. For this, systematic observations were made during SCF implementation experiences conducted by the researchers and analysis of conceptual models based on observations of reality were performed. (2) Systematic review of the literature to identify factors that influence the implementation of CPS in the hospital setting. Six databases were searched until January 2018. The search strategy was developed using terms related to: “clinical pharmacy”, “influencing factors”, “implementation” and “hospital”. Two reviewers selected original articles, extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. After the framework synthesis and categorization of the factors in groups of interest and Attitudinal, Political, Technical and Administrative domains (Apoteca), a diagrammatic approach was used to present the results. (3) Focus group with pharmacists and interviews with hospital managers were carried out to know the perceptions about the factors that could influence the implementation of CPS in the hospital studied. (4) Structured implementation intervention with attitudinal, political, technical and administrative approaches. (5) Interviews were carried out with the pharmacists who performed the CPS and managers, to know the participants' perceptions of the factors that actually influenced the CPS implementation in the hospital. After collecting the information, the audio records were transcribed and analyzed using framework analysis and the Apoteca domains, in order to compare the perceptions before and after the structured SCF implementation. Results. Four domains were proposed to analyze the factors influencing the SCF implementation: Attitudinal, Political, Technical and Administrative – the Apoteca framework. Fifty-three factors were identified in the 21 studies included in the review. The most cited influencing factors were uniformly distributed in the four Apoteca domains, but in terms of interest groups, the “pharmacist” had the highest concentration of factors. “Clinical skills and knowledge” was the most cited factor, followed by “Time to implement CPS”. In the intervention study, pharmacists reported 19 obstacles in total, while managers perceived 16 different barriers. About half of the barriers cited were considered to have been overcome or not-met in the second interview. Managers and pharmacists mentioned fewer facilitators when compared to barriers (eleven and ten, respectively), and the latter were only able to perceive them after the intervention. Regarding the Apoteca classification, most of the barriers were administrative and the majority of the facilitators were political. Conclusion. The results showed the multifactorial nature of the CPS deployment process and that pharmacists and managers anticipated more barriers and less facilitators when compared to the factors actually experienced. Those findings suggest that a structure implementation, considering the four Apoteca domains, can help in planning strategies to enable the successful implementation of CPS in a hospital setting. / Introdução. A implementação de Serviços Clínicos Farmacêuticos (SCF) é uma ação estratégica para otimizar a farmacoterapia de pacientes hospitalizados. Embora muitos estudos relatem resultados benéficos dos SCF, ainda não há padronização dessa prática em hospitais, inclusive no Brasil. Conhecer os fatores que influenciam a implementação de SCF e identificar onde atuam é o primeiro passo para adoção bem-sucedida destes serviços. Objetivo. Identificar os fatores que afetam a implementação da SCF no ambiente hospitalar e analisá-los utilizando os domínios Apoteca. Metodologia. O estudo foi realizado em cinco etapas. (1) Desenvolvimento de um framework de determinantes para análise de fatores que influenciam a implementação de SCF. Para isso, foram realizadas observações sistemáticas durante experiências de implementação de SCF conduzidas pelos pesquisadores e análise de modelos conceituais fundamentados em observações da realidade. (2) Revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar fatores que influenciam a implementação de SCF em ambiente hospitalar. Seis bases de dados foram pesquisadas até janeiro de 2018. A estratégia de busca foi desenvolvida usando termos relacionados a: “farmácia clínica”, “fatores influenciadores”, “implementação” e “hospital”. Dois revisores selecionaram artigos originais, extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade dos estudos. Após a síntese de framework e categorização dos fatores em grupos de interesse e domínios Atitudinais, Políticos, Técnicos e Administrativos (Apoteca), uma abordagem diagramática foi utilizada para apresentar os resultados. (3) Grupo focal com farmacêuticos e entrevistas com gerentes hospitalares para conhecer as percepções acerca dos fatores que poderiam influenciar a implementação de SCF no hospital do estudo. (4) Intervenção estruturada, com abordagens atitudinais, políticas, técnicas e administrativas. (5) Entrevistas com os farmacêuticos e gerentes ligados aos SCF para conhecer as percepções acerca dos fatores que influenciaram efetivamente a implementação de SCF no hospital do estudo. Depois de coletar as informações, os registros de áudio foram transcritos e analisados usando análise de framework e os domínios Apoteca. Resultados. Foram propostos quatro domínios para análise dos fatores influenciadores da implementação de SCF: Atitudinal, Político, Técnico e Administrativo - framework Apoteca. Na revisão foram identificados 53 fatores em 21 estudos incluídos. Os fatores mais citados foram uniformemente distribuídos nos quatro domínios Apoteca, em termos de grupos de interesse, o “farmacêutico” teve a maior concentração de fatores. O fator mais citado foi “Habilidades e conhecimento clínico”, seguido de “Tempo para implantar SCF”. No estudo de intervenção, farmacêuticos relataram 19 barreiras e gerentes perceberam 16. Cerca de metade das barreiras citadas foram consideradas superadas ou não-concretizadas na segunda entrevista. Gerentes e farmacêuticos mencionaram um número menor de facilitadores quando comparados às barreiras (onze e dez, respectivamente), e os segundos só conseguiram percebê-los após a intervenção. Em relação à classificação Apoteca, a maioria das barreiras foi administrativa e dos facilitadores foi político. Conclusão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a natureza multifatorial do processo de implementação de SCF e que farmacêuticos e gerentes anteciparam mais barreiras e menos facilitadores quando comparados aos fatores efetivamente experimentados. Esses achados sugerem que a implementação estruturada, considerando os quatro domínios Apoteca podem auxiliar na implementação bem-sucedida de SCF em hospitais. / Aracaju

Context. Biometric technology is a secure and convenient identification method and it does not need to remember complex passwords, nor smart cards, keys, and the like. Biometrics is the measurable characteristics of individuals based on their behavioral patterns or physiological features that can be used to verify or recognize their identity. Physical characteristics include fingerprints, palm or hand geometry, iris, retina, and facial characteristics. Behavioral characteristics include signature, keystroke and voice pattern. With the combination of biometric technology products and modern computer technology, it is easy to perform monitoring, management, systems integration, automated management, and security applications. Objective. The aim of this research is to explore and clarify the main influencing factors and attitudes concerning biometrics Security technology by analyzing expert opinions. This is done through informal interviews and a web based survey in Blekinge healthcare. Methods. Literature review was the starting phase to map the current state of research in biometric technology implementation. The literature review helped authors to explore and solve different ambiguities in authors’ minds, related to work flow, methods and procedures for different tasks. In our research, we selected five different interviewees from biometric solution supplier companies in Sweden and Denmark, Blekinge healthcare staff, biometric technology technical staff and IT security concerned to express their experiences, opinions and domain knowledge about the implementation of biometrics system in the county of Blekinge. Due to the resource and limited time constraint authors selected survey as a data collection procedure. In survey we planned a questionnaire with the different people related to healthcare. The questionnaire purpose was to collect the quantitative data and our questionnaire was relying on close ended questions. Results. It is analyzed that people have trust on biometrics system and in future they are agreed to face changing in the current system as well as the people who are related with healthcare system are already aware about biometrics and they will easily adopt the implementation of biometric system in healthcare. Conclusion. In concern of user acceptance it is analyzed that people have trust on biometrics system and in future they are agreed to face changing in the current system. In concern of implementation authors analyzed that it is very necessary to conduct a study in order to analyze the requirement of different actors that will participate in biometrics systems. In concern of cost Authors observed that for cost benefit advantage in the initial implementation stages the finger print technology could be a better selection as compared to other available biometric technologies. In concern of security there are strong reasons that biometrics could be implemented because there are many secure authentication devices related to biometrics are available in the market that could secure data in best possible way. Authors observed that there is a need of legislations for biometrics as the security measures going to be much higher as compared to the traditional password systems. In concern of privacy authors observed that the organizations are demanding strong authentication and focus on suggesting biometrics because it could provide advantages to patients, healthcare staff and healthcare providers. / lineofaxis@gmail.com, ms24pk@gmail.com

Being aware of the increasing complexity of the current designs of agricultural machinery, and about the further progress of this characteristic that constitutes trend for the next developments, the implementation of structured and systematic models for approaching the design information on agricultural machinery becomes an issue. The present work intends to define an information platform for understanding the influencing factors on design and its placement as a set of directions for the deployment of the function structure. Such modeling is done from the undertaking of an exploratory research on the knowledge areas of agricultural machinery and mechanization, and engineering design of mechanical systems; its implementation is done using the representation structure of the agricultural machinery development process as main resource, in form of a set of tables resembling an electronic spreadsheet. The influencing factors on design are defined from basic characteristics of the agricultural machine lifecycle phases after its production and manufacturing, and are configured through a model of classes and attributes, which makes possible to define a methodology for their survey. The function structure is constituted from the systems engineering approach, in the form expressed by the theory of technical systems, and is deployed from the analysis of the agricultural operation. Such constitutes basis for declaring the global function and for deploying the auxiliary function chains taking the types of auxiliary effects defined in the theory of technical systems as criteria for their definition. The proposal on modeling the function structure includes considering the control actions of the agricultural machine, from the known definitions of manual action and processed action. The modeling results are evaluated using the case study technique with a centrifugal fertilizer spreader as case unit. An information model is proposed, which gathers and classifies the influencing factors on design by classes and attributes, and establishes general considerations for deploying the function structure. Through this approach, the declaration of the influencing factors on design is formalized and so it is taken in consideration for deploying the function structure. This structure is based upon the definition of the agricutltural operation to be executed by the machine, is declared in form of a global function and is deployed by the usage of heuristics which involve semantic and physical interpretation, known from the literature. The final representation of the function chain involves the physical understanding of the necessary mechanical actions to accomplish the intended transformation, and includes control considerations, developed from the understanding of the closed loop cycle. Such results compose a useful systematic model for improving information traceability in the agricultural mechnery development process / Reconhecida a crescente complexidade das máquinas agrícolas atuais, e a tendência de progressão dessa característica para os novos desenvolvimentos, torna-se importante a implementação de modelos estruturados e sistemáticos para a abordagem das informações ligadas ao desenvolvimento de novas máquinas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo definir uma plataforma de informação para o entendimento dos fatores de influência no projeto e sua colocação como diretriz para o desdobramento da estrutura de funções. Tal modelagem é realizada a partir da realização de uma pesquisa exploratória nas áreas de máquinas e mecanização agrícola, e de projeto de sistemas mecânicos; a implementação é feita com a utilização da estrutura de representação do processo de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas, na forma de tabelas em planilha eletrônica. Os fatores de influência no projeto são definidos a partir de características básicas das fases do ciclo de vida da máquina após a sua produção e manufatura, e configurados na forma de um modelo de classes e propriedades, possibilitando definir uma metodologia para o seu levantamento. A estrutura de funções é constituída a partir da abordagem de engenharia de sistemas, evoluída na forma da teoria de sistemas técnicos, e é desdobrada a partir do exame da operação agrícola. Tal exame constitui base para a declaração da função global e para o desdobramento das cadeias auxiliares em função dos tipos de efeitos auxiliares definidos na teoria de sistemas técnicos. A proposta de modelagem da estrutura de funçõe inclui a abordagem das ações de controle da máquina agrícola, tomando por base as definições já conhecidas de ação manual e de ação processada. Os resultados são examinados empregando a técnica de estudo de caso para um distribuidor centrífugo de fertilizantes. É proposto no trabalho um modelo de informação que reúne e classifica os fatores de influência no projeto em classes e propriedades, e estabelece considerações gerais para o desdobramento da estrutura de funções. Dessa forma, a declaração dos fatores de influência no projeto é formalizada e assim tomada em consideração para o desdobramento da estrutura de funções. Essa estrutura toma por base a definição da operação agrícola a ser executada pela máquina, é declarada na forma de uma função global, e é desdobrada mediante a utilização de heurísticas que envolvem interpretação semântica e física, conhecidas da literatura. A representação final da cadeia de funções envolve o entendimento físico das ações mecânicas necessárias à conclusão da transformação pretendida, e agrega considerações de controle, desenvolvidas a partir do entendimento do ciclo de laço fechado. Tais resultados compõem um modelo sistemático útil à melhoria da rastreabilidade das informações no processo de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas

The thesis deals with the influence of parents on the pedagogical direction of elementary school. Its aim is to find out what options to influence the pedagogical direction of elementary school parents currently have and how they make use of them. The work is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical background is based on an analysis of texts and presents experiences and knowledge relating to this issue. Theoretical bases provide an overview of factors, which influence the pedagogical direction of elementary school and what role the parents can play in this process. The research part presents and evaluates the results of the research conducted at four elementary schools in Prague 12. The research method for data collection was an interview with the headmaster of these elementary schools and a questionnaire for parents of pupils. Proposed recommendations for the schools, which participated in the research, are based on the survey results and on the answers of the research questions. Their implementation into practice could facilitate the influence of parents in the pedagogical direction of the school. KEYWORDS Elementary school, cooperation, parents, headmaster, pupils, pedagogical direction, participation, influencing, options, measures.

Title: Basketball Fitness Training of Junior Categories in the Czech Republic Objectives: Collection of information about the approach to basketball fitness training of junior categories - girls and boys - in the Czech Republic. The emphasis was placed on frequency and structure of fitness training in relation to various training seasons. Methods: Data were gained by means of questionnaire survey. After accomplishing of a pilot survey an unstandardized questionnaire together with related information was sent by e-mails to trainers of teams acting during the 2016/17 season in the Czech basketball federation competitions (namely to trainers of teams of these categories: juniors U19 - boys and girls - extra league, league, cadets U17 - boys and girls - extra league, league. Results: My theses presents information about the situation and conception of fitness training in given age categories and competitions. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the first one the basic terms and foundations are explained and in the following one the data collected by means of anonymous unstandardized questionnaire survey are presented. 30 respondents (trainers of mentioned categories) took place in the survey. Results show that trainers consider fitness training a part of training process. More...

Taxation and tax evasion is an observable fact that occurs in all societies. In South Africa, tax evasion is one of the most sinister forms of crime and millions of rands are sidetracked by tax criminals. Studies from various countries indicate that it is not unusual for about half of the possible tax revenues to remain uncollected. Tax evasion is not something that is restricted to poor third world countries, it is a global phenomenon that has been there from the time tax was invented and will in all likelihood be with us until the end of time. Tax evasion is an intricate and overall hidden behaviour, but it has significant social and economic consequences. Taking this into consideration almost anything could influence the taxpayer’s decision to evade tax or not. The decision to comply with tax laws or to evade tax depends on various internal and external factors with regard to the taxpayer and this may differ from person to person. This study discusses the various factors influencing the taxpayer’s decision to comply with tax legislation, and whether these factors differ or correlate in developed and developing countries. Firstly, the factors influencing tax evasion in the United States of America and Switzerland were determined, after which the factors influencing tax evasion in South Africa and Brazil were determined. Secondly, the factors in the developed countries were compared to those in developing countries. Lastly these comparisons were analysed and they determined whether there were any major differences between the factors influencing tax evasion in developed and developing countries. AFRIKAANS : Belasting en belastingontduiking is ‘n waarneembare feit wat in alle samelewings voorkom. Belastingontduiking is een van die mees ernstige vorme van misdaad in Suid-Afrika en miljoene rande word deur belastingontduikers gesteel. Studies vanuit verskillende lande dui daarop dat dit nie ongewoon is dat omtrent die helfte van die moontlike belasting- inkomste nie ingevorder word nie. Belastingontduiking is nie beperk tot arm derdewêreldlande nie, dit is 'n wêreldwye verskynsel, en was daar van die tyd dat belasting uitgevind is en sal in alle waarskynlikheid met ons wees tot aan die einde van tyd. Belastingontduiking is 'n ingewikkelde en grootliks verborge gedrag, maar dit het belangrike sosiale en ekonomiese gevolge. Met dit ingedagte kan byna enigiets die belastingbetaler se besluit beïnvloed om belasting te ontduik of nie. Die besluit om aan belastingwetgewing te voldoen of om belasting te ontduik hang af van verskeie interne en eksterne faktore met betrekking tot die belastingbetaler en verskil waarskynlik van persoon tot persoon. Hierdie studie bespreek die verskillende faktore wat die belastingbetaler se besluit om aan belastingwetgewing te voldoen beïnvloed, en of hierdie faktore verskil of korreleer tussen ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande. Eerstens was die doel van die studie om die faktore wat belastingontduiking in die Verenigde State van Amerika en Switserland beïnvloed te bepaal, gevolg deur die bepaling van die faktore wat belastingontduiking in Suid-Afrika en Brasilië beïnvloed. Tweedens is die faktore in ontwikkelde lande met dié in ontwikkelende lande vergelyk. Laastens is hierdie vergelykings ontleed om te bepaal of daar groot verskille is tussen die faktore wat belastingontduiking beïnvloed in ontwikkelde lande in vergelyking met ontwikkelende lande. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Venter, JH 2011, Factors influencing tax evasion, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03062012-153138 / > F12/4/149/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted

This thesis deals with the profitability of sales of the dialysis care provider. The main aim of the work was to optimise the dialysis care in Jindrichuv Hradec hospital. Mentioned proposed solution concerns personnel and technical aspects and particular elimination methods. Another aim of the work was to clarify the reimbursement system of the particular dialysis methods, to compare economic results with the profitability of the dialysis care in the years 2006 and 2007. The author endeavoured to create possible ways of the development based on the knowledge of the number of patients and the insurance company reimbursement system. Necessary data and information were acquired from Jindrichuv Hradec hospital reports. This work is thought to contribute to enrich the practical usage and its results can be used by the hospital management or anybody interested in the dialysis care and its economic aspects.

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2018-05-11T18:40:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli.pdf: 967240 bytes, checksum: b50abc610a188a8f6408500562f11123 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T18:40:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita de Cássia Lima Mazzuchelli.pdf: 967240 bytes, checksum: b50abc610a188a8f6408500562f11123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / The objective of this study was to evaluate drying times of the previous pasture to soybean cultivation, associated with physical intervention (scarification), through impacts on soil microbial activity in soil and grain yield in the livestock farming system integration. The experiment was conducted in soil classified as Acrisol dystrophic. The experimental area was occupied by the species Urochloa brizantha (cv Marandu) with five years of implementation. The experimental design was a split tracks, onstituting a double factorial 5x2. The plots consisted of five periods of desiccation of grassland (150 DBS - days before soybean sowing; 120 DBS, 60 DBS, 30 DBS and 15 DBS) and the subplots, with and without soil scarification. Were grown two production cycles of soybean and maize, soil samples being collected at the beginning of each production cycle for biological, chemical and physical analysis of fertility. plants were collected for nodulation analysis. At the end of each production cycle crops were evaluated for productivity parameters. The longer periods of early pasture desiccation provided gains in microbial activity in the soil, the first year of cultivation of soybeans and corn. There were also improvements in soil fertility indicators. In the second year of cultivation of soybeans and corn gains in quality indicators were lower compared to the first year of cultivation. Early pasture desiccation in 150 days before the soybean crop yielded considerable nodulation and soybean yield gains. The yield of corn after the first crop of soybeans, was significantly influenced by longer periods of anticipation desiccation performed before soybean cultivation. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar épocas de dessecação da pastagem anteriores ao cultivo da soja, associado com intervenção física (escarificação), através de impactos na atividade microbiana no solo e rendimento de grãos dentro do sistema de integração lavoura pecuária. O experimento foi desenvolvido em solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico. A área experimental estava ocupada com a espécie Urochloa brizantha (cv Marandu) com cinco anos de implantação. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas subdivididas, constituindo um fatorial duplo, 5x2. As parcelas foram constituídas por cinco épocas de dessecação da pastagem (150 DAS - dias antes da semeadura da soja; 120 DAS; 60 DAS; 30 DAS e 15 DAS) e as subparcelas, com e sem escarificação do solo. Foram cultivados dois ciclos produtivos de soja e milho, sendo coletadas amostras de solo ao início de cada ciclo produtivo para análises biológicas, químicas de fertilidade e físicas. Foram coletadas plantas para análise de nodulação. Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo as culturas foram avaliadas para os parâmetros de produtividade. Os maiores períodos de dessecação antecipada da pastagem proporcionaram ganhos na atividade microbiana no solo, no primeiro ano de cultivo da soja e milho. Ocorreram também melhorias em indicadores de fertilidade do solo. No segundo ano de cultivo da soja e milho os ganhos nos indicadores de qualidade foram menores, comparando-se ao primeiro ano de cultivo. A dessecação antecipada da pastagem em 150 dias antes do cultivo da soja proporcionou ganhos consideráveis de nodulação e rendimento da soja. O rendimento do milho, após o primeiro cultivo da soja, foi influenciado significativamente pelos maiores períodos de antecipação da dessecação efetuada antes do cultivo da soja.

Abstract New nationalist ideologies have permeated politics for the last decade. New leaders, followers, and conducive environments have emerged to cause the most controversial and unique episodes in recent politics. Brexit was selected by having a set of exclusive characteristics, factors, and social elements which resulted in the UK leaving the EU after 47 years. Additionally, two academic attributes were considered to be politically researched, which were leadership and communication techniques. The former established the relationship between two parts of society (leaders and followers) and how their roles developed during the Brexit referendum campaign, and the latter examined political language by extracting the most representative rhetorical means used by the British leaders to run it.   The set of rhetorical techniques was thoroughly investigated using a specially adopted analysis. Several examples were included in how they were performed politically and strategically to create that democratic result. To execute this study, we developed qualitative research based on a study case strategy, descriptive purpose, and by having an inductive approach. Consequently, we selected a sampling method which met specific research criteria and allowed us to analyse this political phenomenon rhetorically. Besides, our empirical data was formed by using interactive and visual material which provided a credible source of study to approach, identify, and answer our research questions. Finally, Brexit’s outcome was viewed as the end of an era in terms of faith in the benefits of globalisation, open labour markets, European integration (Norris and Inglehart, 2019), loss of identity from British individuals, and the reflection of a fractured society (Gherghina and O’Malley, 2019).