The aim of the study was to determine the factors that influence adherence to ART among adolescents who contracted HIV through vertical transmission. Qualitative research using descriptive phenomenology was conducted at Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence. Data was collected using in-depth individual semi-structured interviews. Eight (8) adolescents between 14 and 19 years who had been on ART for minimum of 4 years were interviewed. Thematic analysis of data was done and five (5) themes emerged from the participants' description of the experience of taking ART over a long period of time. The themes that emerged indicated the factors that influence adherence to ART, and they included knowledge and positive beliefs about ART, need for support, ART difficult treatment regimen, having a regular doctor and psychosocial emotional needs. The findings suggested that the adolescents who contracted HIV through vertical transmission require support while continuing on a simplified long-term ART regimen after an assessment of their psychological well beings and periodic checks. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The primary aim ·of this investigation was to determine the influence of English second language instruction and English proficiency on the performance of Zulu children at Indian schools. A study into first and second language acquisition was undertaken, including the theories of second language acquisition. The empirical investigation entailed the collection of data through questionnaires. The null hypotheses were then tested using the chi-square test. The research results show that the academic performance of Black children at Indian schools is influenced by English second language instruction and English proficiency.. It is also evident that early exposure to the English language has a tremendous influence on their performance. Black children transferred from a mother tongue medium school to an English medium school, during the junior primary phase, are found to be at a disadvantage compared to their English-speaking peers due to limited proficiency in the language of instruction. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This research is concerned with an investigation into the factors relating to the reading habits of Indian secondary school pupils in the Phoenix area. It is important to acknowledge that among our youth there are both avid and reluctant readers during and after the period of formal education. It is the group of reluctant readers that has to be lured by the magic of reading. There is a remarkable variation in the reading habits of pupils from the same school. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 544 boys and girls from standards 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The descriptive data available were then analysed and interpreted. The study revealed that the amount of time spent on reading and the number of books read (which together determined reading habits) by pupils was influenced by such factors as home, school, social environment, socioeconomic status, the influence of other media and the personal aspect / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The theoretical section attempts to explain shoppers? behaviour in defining the terms of consuming and buying. The marketing research focused on customers planning of purchases or factors affecting the purchases without a plan and attempted to look at different groups of customers.

Submitted by ERIC DE PAULA (ericjrpaula@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-19T01:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Operacoes-DePaula-Dissertacao.pdf: 1140196 bytes, checksum: 2c8a68acfcfe202987ca23cae46daa02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-20T19:13:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Operacoes-DePaula-Dissertacao.pdf: 1140196 bytes, checksum: 2c8a68acfcfe202987ca23cae46daa02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-04-20T19:29:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Operacoes-DePaula-Dissertacao.pdf: 1140196 bytes, checksum: 2c8a68acfcfe202987ca23cae46daa02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T19:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Operacoes-DePaula-Dissertacao.pdf: 1140196 bytes, checksum: 2c8a68acfcfe202987ca23cae46daa02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / Os projetos estão presentes nas organizações para ajudá-las a enfrentar os desafios de operar em mercados cada vez mais competitivos e são empregados para promover inovação, desenvolver novos produtos e serviços e melhorar a produtividade e processos organizacionais. O emprego dos escritórios de projetos (EP) como medida para resolver o histórico de projetos que não eram completados dentro dos requisitos, foi modificando ao longo do tempo e, atualmente, eles têm a responsabilidade de manter a propriedade intelectual relativa à gestão de projetos e ativamente sustentar o planejamento estratégico. A partir deste contexto, este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo explorar a atuação dos EP na gestão do conhecimento, buscando identificar os fatores que facilitam e que inibem o compartilhamento de conhecimento entre as equipes de projeto. Foram analisadas duas organizações que operam baseadas em projetos e atuam no fornecimento de equipamentos e serviços para geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia. Esta pesquisa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, aponta resultados que indicam que a prática de realizar reuniões de lições aprendidas no encerramento dos projetos ainda persiste nas organizações, apesar de não ser uma medida eficaz. Os fatores individuais e o relacionamento interpessoal são importantes para o compartilhamento do conhecimento, mesmo quando o EP é bem estruturado e conta com processos e ferramentas adequados, o que aumenta a responsabilidade da alta gestão e dos líderes na criação de um ambiente favorável à partilha do conhecimento. / Projects are present in organizations to help them meet the challenges of operating in increasingly competitive markets and are employed to promote innovation, develop new products and services, and improve productivity and organizational processes. The use of project management offices (PMO) as a measure to resolve the history of projects that were not completed within the requirements has been modified over time and currently, they have a responsibility to maintain intellectual property related to project management and actively support strategic planning. From this context, this work was conducted with the objective of exploring the performance of PMO in knowledge management, in search of to identify the factors that facilitate and inhibit the sharing of knowledge among project teams. It were investigated two organizations that operate based on projects and act in the supply of equipment and services for generation, transmission and distribution of energy. This exploratory and descriptive research indicates results that the practice of holding meetings of lessons learned at project closure still persists in organizations, although it is not an effective measure. Individual factors and interpersonal relationships are important for knowledge sharing, even when the PMO is well structured and has adequate processes and tools, which increases the responsibility of top management and leaders in creating an environment conducive to sharing the knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 119212.pdf: 1847153 bytes, checksum: 4fff15b128c870ee75e9e527f167dd7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to understand the factors influencing the innovation capacity in the health service sector (clinical dermatology and aesthetic) in Florianópolis companies. The representativeness of the service sector in the construction of value added of the economy of countries, the role of innovation in this scenario, the quest for economic and social development were factors that encouraged the development of research that presents itself. The nature of the work on display is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature. The interview was the main instrument used for data collection, and these interviews semi-structured type, with three managers responsible for their respective clinical and aesthetic dermatology. However, the analysis of data and presentation of results is given through interpretive qualitative analysis with the help of Atlas.ti software. On theoretical grounds have been studied and discussed innovation, innovation and services, and with the categories of analysis each of the factors listed as potential influencers of innovation capability at service companies. The results led to the identification and understanding of factors that influence the ability of companies to generate innovations, plus the realization that their presence in the investigated clinics occurs at levels of greater or lesser influence and vary from organization to organization and are, therefore associated with the simple condition of existence. Finally, a proposal to raise the threshold of category one factor that stands out in the industry that may be studied and configure the greatest contribution of this work, namely the establishment of partnerships. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender os fatores influenciadores da capacidade de inovação em empresas de serviço do setor de saúde (clínicas de dermatologia e estética) em Florianópolis. A representatividade do setor de serviços na construção do valor adicionado da economia dos países, o papel da inovação nesse cenário, a busca pelo desenvolvimento econômico e social foram fatores que incentivaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa que se apresenta. A natureza do trabalho em tela é qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e caráter descritivo. A entrevista foi o principal instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados, sendo essas entrevistas do tipo semi-estruturada, com três gestoras responsáveis por suas respectivas clínicas de dermatologia e estética. Já a análise dos dados obtidos e apresentação dos resultados deram-se através de análise qualitativa interpretativa com o auxílio do software Atlas.TI. Na fundamentação teórica foram estudados e abordados a inovação, a capacidade de inovação e os serviços, tendo com as categorias de análise cada um dos fatores arrolados como potenciais influenciadores da capacidade de inovação nas empresas de serviço. Os resultados originaram a identificação e a compreensão dos fatores que exercem influência na capacidade de as empresas gerarem inovações, além da constatação de que sua presença nas clínicas pesquisadas se dá em níveis de maior ou menor influência e variam de organização para organização, não estando, portanto, associadas à simples condição de existência. Por fim, uma proposição de se elevar ao patamar de categoria um fator que se destaca no setor estudado e que talvez se configure na maior contribuição deste trabalho, qual seja, o estabelecimento de parcerias.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera möjliga utfallspåverkande faktorer som möjliggör ett framgångsrikt implementerat utfall avseende social hänsyn i offentlig upphandling i en svensk kontext. Analysen och slutsatserna bygger på en jämförelse mellan två fall där utfallet utgör den gemensamma nämnaren. Underlaget till uppsatsen bygger primärt på intervjuer med tjänstemän och politiker i Sigtuna och i Örebro. De teoretiska analysverktygen som används i denna uppsats är hämtade från Rational choice- och Normativ institutionalism. Tre temafaktorer har använts för att kategorisera likheter och skillnader mellan fallen. Dessa är spelregler, preferenser och resurser. Resultatet visar på att fallen har fler möjliga utfallspåverkande faktorer gemensamma än de har utfallspåverkande faktorer som skiljer dem åt. En troligt viktig möjlig förklarande faktor ligger i att frågan om sociala krav har hanterats på ledningsnivå som en strategisk fråga, snarare än som en juridisk eller teknisk fråga. Fallen kan även förstås som att behovet av upphandling och behovet av sociala åtgärder har växt fram oberoende av varandra innan själva upphandlingsprocesserna och att det är genom aktörernas aktioner som upphandlingsfrågan och den sociala frågan har kombinerats. Dock rör det sig inte om en institutionell förändring som katalysator för implementeringen, utan snarare om inkrementell förändring i synen på offentlig upphandling som ett verktyg för social förändring. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify probable outcome influencing factors that enable a successful implemented outcome of social considerations in public procurement in a Swedish context. The analysis and conclusions are based on a comparison between two cases where the outcome is the common denominator. The empirical material for the thesis is primarily gathered from interviews with officials and politicians in Sigtuna and in Örebro municipalities. The theoretical tools used for analysis in this thesis are taken from Rational choice and Normative institutionalism. Three thematic factors have been used to categorize the similarities and differences between the cases: these are the rules of the game, preferences and resources. The result shows that the cases have more probable outcome influencing factors in common than they exhibit outcome influencing factors that set them apart. A likely important probable explanatory factor is to be found in the fact that the subject of social considerations was handled at a management / political level as a strategic issue, rather than as a legal or technical issue. The cases can also be understood in a manner which informs us that the need for procurement and the need for social action have evolved independently of each other and before the actual procurement processes. It is through the actors’ actions that the procurement issues and the social considerations have been combined into a common issue. However, the result does not indicate an institutional change as a catalyst for the implementation, but rather that the change in the perception of public procurement as a tool with social policy implication represents an incremental change within the existing institutions.

摘要 　　公共服務動機理論在1990年被提出後，迅速成為了公共行政研究的熱點，不同於新公共管理主張公務人員是理性自利，若無利可圖將不會採取行動的觀點，政府的「公共性」特徵，合理化了公共服務動機理論主張公務人員應重視內在性的激勵誘因，包含公共服務對他們的吸引力、對公共價值有所承諾、具有同情心或願意為公共利益自我犧牲等，隨之陸續發展出各家論點以及不同的動機測量方式。 　　在相關研究中，使用多構面的量表測量最具規模，然而公共服務動機相關研究已有二十餘年，實有必要獨立進行質性研究以獲得更紮實、深入的瞭解，因此，在無前例可循之下，本研究在現有量表基礎上，自行設計訪談大綱，並選擇我國中央及地方行政機關10位業務單位公務人員作為研究對象，除了瞭解我國公務人員的公共服務動機程度外，更重要的是，探討成為公務人員後，影響個人公共服務動機的組織內、外部因素及動機變化情形。 　　研究結果發現，我國公務人員展現較多「同情心」與「自我犧牲」特質，「公共服務的吸引力」與「公共價值的承諾」則相對較難察覺，且隨著年資增加，其公共服務動機逐漸遞減者居多，在影響因素上，機關首長與主管的領導方式、業務內容、考績獎懲制度、組織文化，以及公務人員社會信任與形象、年金改革的過程與爭議都在不同階段、以不同方式不同程度地影響其公共服務動機。本研究據此分別提出短期、中長期的實務建議如下，以提升我國公務人員公共服務動機：短期可分為營造良好的組織文化、建構友善公務環境、使公務人員感知自身業務的「價值」三大建議，並分別可從加強各層級主管的教育訓練、落實工時與休假制度、依政府財政狀況適時給予物質性誘因、以尊重與關懷方式鼓勵業務輪調、按實際需求辦理教育訓練等層面著手；長期則提出合理調整俸給結構、建立公平合理的獎優汰劣機制，以及對公務人員的尊重應先由政府自身做起等建議，期能提供作為一政策性參考。 / Abstract Since 1990 when Public Service Motivation (PSM) was brought out, it quickly became a hot study among the study of Public Administration. Unlike New Public Management (NPM), where it claims that public servants to be rational and self-interest based, and that no action would be taken if a situation being unprofitable, the “Publicness” of a government rationalizes the PSM theory where it claims that public servants should value internal incentive, including the attraction of public service, the commitment to public value and compassion or self-sacrifice for public interest, from which different theories and motivation measurement methods are developed accordingly. Among relevant researches the scale measurement using multidimensional construct are of largest scale. However it has more than twenty year history since the study of PSM and is necessary to conduct qualitative study for more solid and deeper understanding. Therefore, under unprecedented circumstance, with existing scale basis and self designed interview outline, the study chooses public servants from 10 Taiwan central and local government authorities as subjects for the purpose of the PSM level of our public servants, and more important, the internal and external organizational factors and motivation changes that affect individual public service motivation after becoming a public servant. According to the research, Taiwanese public servants show more qualities of “empathy” and “self-sacrifice”, less “the appeal of public service” and “the commitment of public value”, and the longer one serves as a public servant, the more the decrease of public service motivation. On the affecting factors, the leading methods of authority chiefs and directors, public affairs genres, audit, awards and punishment, organizational culture, the process and dispute of annuity reform have all affected the public service motivation at different stages with different ways, and on different levels. To offer as a policy reference, the study makes shot-term, mid-term and long-term practical suggestions accordingly so as to enhance PSM of Taiwanese public servants: 3 short-term suggestions are, a positive organizational culture, friendly public affairs service environment, allowing the public servants to feel the “value” of their own service. To start with, enhance trainings for supervisors of different levels, the implementation of working hours and off-day system, proper material incentives based on government financial status,encouraging internal job rotations in a caring and respectful manner, arranging trainings according to actual needs; for long-term suggestions, reasonable adjustment of payment structure, fair and reasonable award and elimination system, and the government itself to pay respect to the public servants.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The negative effect of poor oral health on quality of life and financial implication of work days lost as a result of dental pain can be accepted as a rationale for inclusion of oral health in the primary health care (PHC) package for South Africa. The norms of the PHC package for oral health services are to expose at least 50% of primary schools to organized school preventive programmes and to ensure basic coverage of everybody in the catchment areas. Currently these norms are not adequately fulfilled in Randfontein. The purpose of this study was to gather information that can be used to improve oral health services in Randfontein. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the factors that influence the choice of oral health care seeking behaviour as perceived by residents in different contexts and to use these perceptions to inform appropriate health planning strategies and implementation of measures that can improve health promotion in Randfontein. This qualitative study explored oral health care seeking behaviour. The study population comprised all residents of Randfontein above seventeen years old who had visited the oral health section in the Randfontein Primary Health Care (PHC) Facility. There were two focus group discussions (FGDs) from each of three separate residential areas namely Mohlakeng with mainly black residents, Toekomsrus with mainly coloured race residents and from town which is a predominantly Caucasian race area. Data collected was analysed during the data collection stage and thereafter until they made sense to the researcher. To strengthen validity, the accuracy of the interpretation of what respondents said was confirmed with them. Analysed themes were coded and categorized to enable the key researcher to interpret them for final reporting. Appropriate ethical procedures were followed. The findings were that although all focus groups preferred allopathic oral health care seeking, various barriers existed. The study concluded that there should be adequate oral health education and promotion, effectivecommunication and an expansion of these services to Toekomsrus, where they do not exist. Perceptions on factors influencing oral health seeking by Randfontein residents. / South Africa

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. Please note that pages 9 and 10 are missing from the available paper, as well as the microfiche copy. / Thesis (PhD (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted