Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska och förstå nutidens unga kvinnliga konsumenters upplevelser och attityder gentemot hållbara klädesplagg för att finna drivkrafter, möjligheter och hinder för hållbart konsumtionsbeteende inom modeindustrin. Frågeställningarna som använts som låg till grund för studie och analys lyder: Hur reflekterar och agerar unga kvinnliga konsumenter kring den egna klädkonsumtionens hållbarhet? Vilka faktorer motiverar unga kvinnliga konsumenter att göra hållbara klädval och vilka hinder kan påverka processen? Tidigare forskning och litteratur har granskats tillsammans med teorier kring konsumentbeteende som Consumer Culture Theory (Arnould & Thompson 2005), samt betydande faktorer för konsumenter (Kotler & Armstrong 2019; Ekström, Ottosson & Parment 2017). För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna och få en djupare förståelse för ämnet har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av fokusgrupper, samt semistrukturerade intervjuer. Två fokusgrupper genomfördes parallellt med sju stycken enskilda intervjuer, där alla deltagare var kvinnor mellan 20 och 27 år. Under fokusgrupperna deltog studenter inom textil eller ekonomi. Resultatet av studien visar att unga kvinnliga konsumenter är medvetna om hållbarhetsfrågor inom modebranschen, men stöter på hinder vid sina försök att göra hållbara klädval. Deras köpbeteenden påverkas av ekonomiska begränsningar, bekvämlighet och bristande kunskap om miljökonsekvenser från modebranschen, trots positiva attityder. Sociala normer och påverkan från omgivningen spelar också en betydande roll inför köpbeslut. Behovet av en holistisk strategi för att främja hållbar modekonsumtion, inklusive bättre tillgång till information och ekonomisk tillgänglighet, framkommer som en potentiell förbättring. Dessa resultat styrker tidigare forskning som bedrivits inom ämnet och ger utrymme för vidare forskning i olika riktningar. / The purpose of this study is to explore and understand young female consumers' experiences and attitudes towards sustainable clothing in order to find driving forces, opportunities and obstacles for sustainable consumption behavior in the fashion industry. The questions used as the basis for the study and analysis are: ‘How do young female consumers reflect and act on the sustainability of their own clothing consumption?’ ‘What factors motivate young female consumers to make sustainable clothing choices and what obstacles can affect the process?’ Previous research and literature have been reviewed together with theories on consumer behavior such as Consumer Culture Theory (Arnould & Thompson 2005), as well as other significant factors for consumers (Kotler & Armstrong 2019; Ekström, Ottosson & Parment 2017). In order to answer the research questions and gain a deeper understanding of the subject, a qualitative method has been used in the form of focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Two focus groups were conducted in parallel with seven individual interviews, where all participants were women between the ages of 20 to 27. During the focus groups, students in textiles or economics participated. The results of the study show that young female consumers are aware of sustainability issues from the fashion industry, but encounter obstacles in their attempts to make sustainable clothing choices. Their purchasing behavior is influenced by financial limitations, convenience and lack of knowledge about environmental consequences from the fashion industry, despite positive attitudes. Social norms and influence from the social environment also play a significant role in purchasing decisions. The need for a holistic approach to promote sustainable fashion consumption, including better access to information and financial accessibility, emerges as a potential improvement. These results confirm previous research conducted on the subject and provide scope for further research in different directions.

Breast-feeding by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive mothers poses a risk of transmitting HIV infection from the mother to the baby. This study attempted to describe and explore the knowledge of antenatal women in Gaborone, Botswana on the transmission of HIV through breast-feeding. The research results, obtained from interview schedules, revealed that the respondents had: a greater knowledge of transmission of HIV in adults than mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT); a moderate understanding of infant feeding methods; poor understanding of the risk of HIV transmission through different infant feeding methods and feelings that infant feeding method reveals ones HIV status, which indicate stigma and discrimination. The study findings may assist health care providers to intensify educational programmes and counselling in the antenatal clinics and communities to reduce MTCT. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

The aim of the study was to determine the factors that influence adherence to ART among adolescents who contracted HIV through vertical transmission. Qualitative research using descriptive phenomenology was conducted at Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence. Data was collected using in-depth individual semi-structured interviews. Eight (8) adolescents between 14 and 19 years who had been on ART for minimum of 4 years were interviewed. Thematic analysis of data was done and five (5) themes emerged from the participants' description of the experience of taking ART over a long period of time. The themes that emerged indicated the factors that influence adherence to ART, and they included knowledge and positive beliefs about ART, need for support, ART difficult treatment regimen, having a regular doctor and psychosocial emotional needs. The findings suggested that the adolescents who contracted HIV through vertical transmission require support while continuing on a simplified long-term ART regimen after an assessment of their psychological well beings and periodic checks. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The primary aim ·of this investigation was to determine the influence of English second language instruction and English proficiency on the performance of Zulu children at Indian schools. A study into first and second language acquisition was undertaken, including the theories of second language acquisition. The empirical investigation entailed the collection of data through questionnaires. The null hypotheses were then tested using the chi-square test. The research results show that the academic performance of Black children at Indian schools is influenced by English second language instruction and English proficiency.. It is also evident that early exposure to the English language has a tremendous influence on their performance. Black children transferred from a mother tongue medium school to an English medium school, during the junior primary phase, are found to be at a disadvantage compared to their English-speaking peers due to limited proficiency in the language of instruction. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This research is concerned with an investigation into the factors relating to the reading habits of Indian secondary school pupils in the Phoenix area. It is important to acknowledge that among our youth there are both avid and reluctant readers during and after the period of formal education. It is the group of reluctant readers that has to be lured by the magic of reading. There is a remarkable variation in the reading habits of pupils from the same school. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to 544 boys and girls from standards 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The descriptive data available were then analysed and interpreted. The study revealed that the amount of time spent on reading and the number of books read (which together determined reading habits) by pupils was influenced by such factors as home, school, social environment, socioeconomic status, the influence of other media and the personal aspect / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samband mellan utbildning, civilstånd och inkomst gentemot upplevd fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Metod Undersökningen är en kvantitativ enkätstudie där totalt 525 individer ingick framförallt från Lidingö, Täby, Haninge, Östermalm och Solna. Åldern på individerna varierade mellan 37 och 89 år och medelåldern var 70,3 år (± 6,6), där cirka en tredjedel var män och två tredjedelar kvinnor. Samtliga har fått besvara frågor med fasta svarsalternativ kring deras upplevda fysiska (kroppslig) samt psykiska (själslig) hälsa och faktorerna inkomst, civilstånd samt utbildningsnivå. Därefter analyserades resultaten för att finna eventuella samvariationer mellan den upplevda hälsan och de specifika faktorerna. Samtliga deltagare har själva ansökt om att få vara med i ett projekt kring hälsa i Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolans regi. Resultat Signifikanta samvariationer fanns mellan upplevd fysisk och psykisk hälsa samt civilstånd där hög hälsa korrelerade med att leva i ett förhållande. I förhållande till inkomstnivå fanns tendenser till samband (dock utan signifikans) där en viss ökning av den upplevda fysiska samt psykiska hälsan noterades för varje inkomstintervall (låg, medel och hög), i synnerhet gentemot den psykiska hälsan. Utbildningsfaktorn visade inga signifikanta samband med grad av upplevd hälsa bland deltagarna. Slutsats Studiens hypotes om en positiv samvariation mellan den upplevda hälsan och samtliga tre livsfaktorer visade sig inte stämma fullt ut för denna grupp med företrädesvis äldre. Den faktor som signifikant korrelerade med upplevd hälsa var civilstånd. Även inkomst visade sig ha tendensen (dock ej signifikant) till ett visst samband med de skattade hälsoparametrarna för den undersökta gruppen. Det är möjligt, med använda arbetsmetoder, att starkare samband skulle fås fram på ett mer slumpmässigt urval av befolkningen. Studien ställer jämväl nya frågor om huruvida sambandet för undersökta faktorer i förhållande till upplevd hälsa eventuellt skiljer sig för olika åldersgrupper.

Our diploma thesis was concerned with language and propaganda in Mladý svět weekly to 1989. The objective of our work was not only a complex text analysis but also analysis of linguistic devices in terms of propaganda. The task was to analyse linguistic devices of selected text corpuses, specifically always of the introductory spread of the first issue in that particular year from 1959 to 1989. The objective was to find those linguistic devices that were being used in propaganda, sort them according to specific linguistic areas, point out myths that the propaganda created and show how propaganda used language to influence the recipient. Our work consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the overall historical context of censorship functioning in years 1959-1989. Later on, it gives an overview of the young and children's magazines market. In the next chapter, we give general characteristics of propaganda based on specialized publications. One chapter deals with the way the young perceived propaganda. The last chapter involves the language and propaganda, which also draws from specialized publications. We deal with the language of newspaper reporting and linguistic devices, which the propaganda may have used; methods of influencing the recipient; and using...

This diploma thesis describes the way by which can photojournalism operate with the audience and how it is possible to influence a view of recipients about the world around us by photography. The thesis is devided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on accessibility of the Czech and foreign literature and in its beginning that represents what photojournalism is and what is its role in media. A part of the opening chapter is also a discussion of ethics in the photojournalism. Furthermore, there is explanation of the process of how a recipient perceives visual communication. One of the key components of this work is a summary of how experts from the fields of photography and media see the possibility of influencing the audience with photos in the media. There are explained the concepts of the terms visual agenda setting and visual gatekeeping. The ways by which media most often manipulate a recipient are described and there is outlined also the question of objectivity in photojournalism. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to a relatively popular topic of digital photo editing in the media. The practical part of this thesis involves a qualitative research carried through in-depth interviews, which explores ways in which the photos, that are included in printed...

Title The value's system of primary school pupils Anotation This thesis deals with the value systems of students first elementary school. Briefly describes the concept of value in terms of various scientific disciplines, and describes the process of its formation, discusses the concept of value system. It deals with the influence of environment in shaping the value system of students and subject matter maps the current state on this issue. Practical part of points through a questionnaire survey on the current state of value orientations of children in connection with the experiment carried out using the lessons drama education. Keywords values, value system, moral behavior, ethical education, values formation, drama in the process of influencing the value orientation

The Diploma thesis concerns itself with the possibilities of election campaigns and their impacts on public opinion on the occasion of the first direct election of the president of the Czech republic. Influencing of the public opinion takes place in a system of public - politics - media, which is described in this thesis. Utilising this system I am going to answer the following question - how effective are election campaigns in influencing election decisions of voters? The witnessed election campaigns were unique in many aspects - they triggered an unprecedented response from the public and the media, which came close to resemble election behaviour in the United States of America, whose presidential election campaigns are considered a classic example. The theoretical background serves the purpose of analysing the election campaign of Karel Schwarzenberg, who, using an online campaign, achieved a result, which surprised a number of agencies examining voters' preferences, and proved, what a good campaign team is capable of given their candidate has strong public support. Next I am going to present assessments of the campaign by political scientists, social scientists and others. Key words: Public, public opinion, possibilities of influencing public opinion, massmedia, election campaigns, american...