Cette thèse de doctorat traite de différentes questions concernant la communication et la transmission d’informations dans le cadre de la théorie des jeux. J’analyse différents dilemmes auxquels peut être confronté un joueur qui envoie des informations. Ces dilemmes correspondent aux questions suivantes: "Devrais-je investir dans un message vérifiable?", "Quand dois-je transmettre mon information?" et "Est-il préférable de ne pas envoyer mon information et uniquement de recueillir l’information des autres?". Cette thèse comprend une introduction et trois chapitres. L’introduction contient une motivation générale pour les trois problèmes que je présente dans cette thèse. Je donne une vue d’ensemble détaillée de tous les chapitres, j’examine la littérature relative au sujet et je la compare à mes résultats. / This Ph.D dissertation addresses different issues concerning communication and information transmission in a game theoretical framework. I analyze different dilemmas that a player who sends information has to deal with. These dilemmas correspond to the following questions: "Should I invest into a verifiable message?", "When should I pass my information?" and "Is it better if I do not send my information, but collect information from others?". This thesis includes an introduction and three chapters. The introduction contains a general motivation for the three different problems that I model in this thesis. I give a detailed overview of all the chapters, survey the related literature and compare it to my results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bottentuit_am_dr_mar.pdf: 1085301 bytes, checksum: 0472e516378ec766be415406dff186ed (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / La présence des technologies de l’information à la justice de l’État du Maranhão montre par un groupe de mesures qui devraient possibiliter une plus grande proximité du pouvoir judiciaire avec le citoyen, en perspective d’assister par les moyens virtuels d’informations juridiques, aux principes de transparence et du droit à l’information qui deviennent viables par l’accès à cette information. L’adoption de ces technologies permet la disponibilité en réseau, d’un groupe de services comme le suivi de procès; la recherche la base de la législation, doutrine et la prestation de services; l’utilisation du procès électronique, au delà de quelques outils sociaux ou de collaboration, lesquels possibilitent aux citoyens, aux acteurs du droit de globalisation sans sortir de chez eux, des bureaux, des foruns ou tribunaux. Cette nouvelle manière de prestation de services dans la répresentation d’une société en réseau ou d’une “Ciberculture” Judiciaire, est en train de présenter quelques aspects qui méritent être examinés par la Science de l’Information, comme la qualité de l’accès et la distribution de sujets juridiques en domaine pulic. On comprend que s’il y a un mouvement par le libre accès à la connaissance et l’information juridique, à Justice, cette-ci doit être en conditions d’égalité pour tous et pour toutes. On objecte, de cette manière, examiner et comprendre comment la présence et l’utilisation de la TI dans la distribuition de la Justice sont en train d’être accomplies. La réalité sociale qu’on choisie pour cette recherche, est de la Justice de l’État du Maranhão. / A presença das tecnologias de informação (TI) na Justiça Estadual do Maranhão sinaliza para um conjunto de medidas que deveriam possibilitar uma maior aproximação do Poder Judiciário ao cidadão com a perspectiva de atender -via virtualização das informações jurídicas- aos princípios da transparência e do direito à informação viabilizados pelo acesso a essa informação. A adoção dessas tecnologias vem permitindo a disponibilidade em rede de um conjunto de serviços como acompanhamento processual; pesquisa na base da legislação, na doutrina e na jurisprudência; uso do processo eletrônico; além de algumas ferramentas sociais ou colaborativas. Este conjunto lhes possibilita aos cidadãos e atores do direito “desterritorializações” sem a necessidade de saírem de suas casas, escritórios, fóruns ou tribunais. Esta nova forma de prestação jurisdicional, que configura uma Sociedade em Rede ou uma Cibercultura Judicial, tem apresentado alguns aspectos que merecem ser investigados pela Ciência da Informação, como no caso da qualidade do acesso e da distribuição de conteúdos jurídicos em domínio público. Entendemos que se há um movimento pelo livre acesso ao conhecimento e à informação jurídica (à Justiça), este tem que ser em condições de igualdade para todos/as. Objetivamos assim investigar e compreender como tem se efetivado a presença e a utilização da TI na distribuição da Justiça. A realidade social que elegemos para esta investigação é a da Justiça Estadual Maranhense. Para compreensão desse fenômeno, optamos pelo pluralismo metodológico com a entrevista, a observação e a pesquisa bibliográfica/documental alicerçada em autores como Boaventura Santos, Castells, Cappelletti, Capurro, Lojkine, Mattelart, Muñoz, Rifkin, Sadek, Saracevic, entre outros e que...

Partindo-se de uma concepção publicista de processo, o qual é tido como instrumento para garantia da tutela jurisdicional efetiva, não mais se admite a idéia de um juiz passivo, mero espectador da atividade das partes. Na conjuntura processual atual, espera-se do juiz uma atuação proativa na condução do processo, pelo que se estuda a dogmática da legislação processual civil sobre a atividade probatória proativa do juiz. A pesquisa inicia-se pela análise dos principais sistemas processuais no enfoque da atividade do juiz no processo, examinado também a evolução dos poderes instrutórios do juiz no processo civil brasileiro. Aborda os fundamentos principiológicos da atividade probatória proativa do juiz no processo civil. Disserta algumas noções elementares sobre a prova, com destaque para as regras de distribuição do ônus da prova e sua relação com os poderes instrutórios do juiz. Analisa algumas classificações apresentadas por doutrinadores sobre os poderes que o juiz, uma vez que este é o representante do Estado no exercício da função jurisdicional. Dessa forma, entende-se que amplos devem ser os poderes instrutórios do juiz no processo civil e que deve ele se valer de todos os seus poderes, atuando proativamente na busca da verdade real. No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o alicerce dos poderes instrutórios do juiz é o art. 130 do CPC, mas, além desse, outros dispositivos também lhe conferem poderes instrutórios específicos, constituindo, no entanto, enumeração exclusivamente taxativa. Por fim, não se pode olvidar que, para evitar abusos e desmandos por parte dos juízes, o próprio ordenamento jurídico previu limites à atividade instrutória do magistrado, devendo o mesmo observar os princípios jurídicos em sua atuação. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação destaca a real atividade probatória proativa do juiz, seu alcance e seus limites. / Starting from a publicist conception of procedural law, which is considered to be an instrument for guaranteeing an effective jurisdictional tutelage, we cannot any longer admit the idea of a passive judge, a mere spectator of the activities on the side. In the current procedural conjuncture, we expect from the judge a proactive performance during the carrying out of the procedure, by studying the dogma of civil procedural law on the proactive probative practice of judges. The research begins with an analysis of the principal procedural systems by focusing on the practices of the judges during the procedures and examining also the fact-finding powers of the same judges during Brazilian civil procedures. It broaches the ground principies of the proactive probative practices of judges in civil proceedings. Some elementary notions on proof and the shedding of light on the distribution rules with regard to the burden of proof and its relation to the fact- finding powers of judges are also discussed. It analyses some classifications as shown by PhDs on the powers of judges when they are the State representative in the carrying out of judicial power. In this way, we understand that the fact-finding powers of judges in civil procedures must be very ample, and they must use ali their powers in the proactive performance in their search for the real truth. In the Brazilian legal system, the foundation for fact-finding powers of judges is in the CPC article number 130, moreover, other devices also give the judges specific fact-finding powers, however, constituting exclusive emphatic enumeration. Finally, we cannot forget that in arder to avoid abuse and trespassing by the judges, the judicial power itself foresaw limitations to the fact-finding activities by the magistrates, as they must observe the judicial principais in their carrying out of duties. In this way this dissertation sheds lights on the real proactive probative activity of judges, their ranges and limits.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om samtidiga höga krav och låg kontroll vid användning av informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) är associerat med en upplevelse av mental stress hos individer som arbetar i kontorsmiljö. Metoden som användes var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med ett deskriptivt förhållningssätt och undersökte 40 yrkesverksamma individer som mestadels arbetade stillasittande på kontor där arbetet innebär att de dagligen använde sig av IKT-verktyg. Resultaten bearbetades i statistikprogrammet SPSS med hjälp av en deskriptiv beskrivande statistik. Resultatet från studien visade att respondenter upplever mer stress vid samtidiga höga krav och låg kontroll vid användning av IKT än respondenter som inte upplever höga krav och låg kontroll när de använder IKT.   Slutsats: Om resultat som framkommit i denna studie kan styrkas i framtida liknade studier bör insatser syfta till att öka anställdas känsla av delaktighet och möjlighet till att styra över användningen samt inlärning av IKT-verktyg. Vidare forskning för att undersöka hur socialt stöd på arbetsplatsen påverkar upplevelsen av krav och kontroll kopplat till stress vid användning av IKT skulle vara av intresse.

This thesis focuses on two goals. One of them are business contacts with suppliers, the second is inventory management in the enterprise. Suppliers are very important for any business partner, without which it couldn`t produce, but its conditions differs in business and technical matter. It doesn{\crq}t have to be based only on the deppartment diferences or company size. Companies surveyed in this study were both productive and similary sized. What made the difference was, the used material and production complexity. The company Sapeli has possibility of higher standard offer and therefore even compoundable evaluation especially thanks to easier accessability . The most important for the company is quality, price, delivery terms and payment options. Both companies have in common the first place given to quality above all. It has increasing importance today as world markets are saturated with poor quality products and large companies can gain greater market share mainly due to the quality.

Syftet med detta självständiga arbete är att se hur fyra lärare anser sig arbeta med digitala verktyg i praktiken, samt deras åsikter kring dessa. Vi tolkade och bearbetade data genom att använda oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer, samt ramverket Structuring Features of Classroom Practice. Ramverket delar in data i fem kategorier, som sedan tolkas till ett resultat. Resultaten visar att lärarna anser sig arbeta med digitala verktyg på olika sätt, alla berättade att de använder verktygen som presentationsverktyg och för att få en varierad undervisning. Lärarna framförde att de ser digitala verktyg på ett positivt sätt, men uttryckte också att verktygen har brister. Våra slutsatser i arbetet är att (1) lärarna anser att deras arbete blivit mer effektivt med digitala verktyg. (2) lärarna anser att det är enklare att anpassa, individualisera och hitta mer uppgifter med digitala verktyg. En av de brister samtliga lärare påtalade, var att de inte har tillräckligt antal av de digitala verktygen. Lärarna tar dock även upp brist på hårdvara som ett problem. Bristen på hårdvara gör att det blir svårare att använda de digitala verktygen och gör att arbetet inte är lika flexibelt och anpassningsbart.

The main theme of the thesis is the application of methods of information and knowledge-based disciplines - Competitive Intelligence on the building industry of the Czech Republic. The first part provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical information which are necessary to describe Competitive Intelligence. From the outset, it gradually forms detailed description about the entire field as far as detailed procedures with the application of various analytical methods, in the form of formalized definitions of Competitive Intelligence. The most common methods which are listed below in particular are SLEPT analysis, SWOT analysis, an analysis of five porter forces, BCG matrix, and others. The practical part of work is an application of process and methods of Competitive Intelligence on the Czech building market. This part gradually specifies individual steps of analysis (definition of objectives, procedures, identification and exploitation of information resources, etc.) and presents its final output, which is suitably complemented with a description of information resources. Chapter concludes the summary of the main trends and factors involved in the building industry, which complements the recommendations for the building companies to increase their competitiveness. There is also important summary and characteristics of selected information sources.

This thesis focuses on problematics of knowledge management, its principles and application. Thesis is divided into three main parts. There are teoretical basis in first part, which are later used in analytical and practical parts. Practical part focuses on design own solution, which allows effectively work with knowledge.

This diploma thesis focuses on analysis, evaluation and improvement proposals for an information system used by a specific company from the insurance business. The company offers services to insurance companies, such as motor vehicle or property inspection and damage assessment. The first part describes the theory related to the main focus areas of this thesis. The second part contains an overview of the company, its analysis as well as evaluation of the information system used within the company. Finally, a set of proposals will be formulated, based on the outcomes of company and information system evaluation, aiming to simplify company processes and increase company’s productivity.

The master’s thesis deals with the design of a suitable information system for the operation of the shared workshop of Temple of Creation s.r.o. The introductory part of the thesis contains the theoretical background, which forms the basis for the analytical part of the current state of the company and the solution itself. Implementation of the proposed information system will be one of the possibilities how to increase the availability of the services offered by the creative center, simplify the processes and ensure the smooth running of the company.