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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Sistemas de informação em Saúde Pública no Brasil: uma revisão de 2008 a 2012 na literatura nacional especializada / Information Systems in Public Health in Brazil: a review from 2008 to 2012 in the national specialized

Miranda, Hamilcar José Ferreira de 02 July 2013 (has links)
A saúde pública no país é uma área de alta demanda, dependente de tecnologia cara e de rápida obsolescência, com custos operacional e de manutenção altos, e com uma cobrança de crescimento ininterrupto, decorrente tanto do aumento vegetativo dos usuários, quanto da instabilidade social, quando os desempregados perdem a condição de se utilizar da saúde suplementar e migram para a rede pública. Há um agravamento de tal situação pela dispersão geográfica da população, pelo tamanho do país. O Sistema Único de Saúde, através do PlanejaSUS, tem um esforço continuado de planejar o funcionamento da saúde pública no país, para o que se utiliza, entre outros recursos, dos seguintes sistemas: de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos; de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; de Informações Hospitalares; e de Informação de Mortalidade. Com o objetivo de identificar o grau de consistência dos mesmos, foi feito um levantamento de periódicos dos últimos 5 anos, de artigos que apontavam tal característica. Mediante a utilização de recortes dos artigos, análise e tabulação de resultados, identificou-se o predomínio de deficiências de pessoal e de qualidade das informações, estas últimas decorrentes das primeiras. Em apenas um caso houve queixa da infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação. Conclui-se pela priorização de trabalhos de persuasão e capacitação de funcionários; por um ajuste na expectativa pela precisão dos sistemas, já que por seu macro dimensionamento, face à dispersão geográfica e ao grande número de pessoas envolvidas, são sistemas com tendência natural à instabilidade; pelo papel que pesquisas como as apresentadas nos artigos podem fazer no controle de tais sistemas; pela consistência apresentada atualmente pelos sistemas, que embora não seja ótima, tem sustentado inúmeras pesquisas cujos resultados são validados por subsídios da literatura e cruzamento de bancos de dados. Aventa-se ainda a possibilidade de, em um trabalho de parceria entre universidades, centros de pesquisa, e o Sistema Único de Saúde, este último estabeleça alguns eixos e categorias, e estimule continuadamente pesquisas voltadas para identificação do nível de consistência dos sistemas mencionados, pesquisas estas cujos resultados poderão funcionar na redução da instabilidade dos mesmos / Public health in the country is a department of high demand, dependent on expensive technology and quick obsolescence, with high operational and maintenance costs, and with a charge of uninterrupted growth, due to both the vegetative growth of users, and the social instability, when the unemployed lose the condition of using additional health system and migrate to the public service. There is a worsening of the situation caused by the geographical dispersion of the population, by the size of the country. The Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), through the PlanejaSUS, mantain a continued effort of planning the operation of public health in the country, for what it use, among other features, the following systems: information on live borns; reportable diseases information; hospital information; and mortality information. In order to identify the consistency degree of these systems was made a survey of the past 5 years, using articles that pointed such feature. Using cutouts of articles, analysis and tabulation of results, it was identified the predominance of disabilities of personnel and quality of the information, the latter arising out of the first. In only one case there was complaint of information technology infrastructure. It is concluded by the prioritization of work of persuasion and training of employees; by an adjustment in anticipation for the accuracy of the systems, since by its macro scale, given the geographic dispersion and the large number of people involved, that these are systems with natural tendency to instability; the role that research such as those presented in articles can make in the control of such systems; by consistency presented by systems, which although are not great, has sustained extensive research whose results are validated by literature subsidies and databases crossover. It also suggests the possibility of, in a working partnership between universities, research centers, and the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), the latter shall establish some axes and categories, and encourage continued research aimed to identifying the level of consistency of the mentioned systems, these research results may work in reducing instability
172

"Um processo para construção de frameworks a partir da engenharia reversa de sistemas de informação baseados na Web: aplicação ao domínio dos leilões virtuais" / A Process for Framework Development from Reverse Engineering of Web-based Information Systems: Application to the Online Auction Domain

Reginaldo Ré 04 October 2002 (has links)
Um processo para o desenvolvimento de frameworks para sistemas de informação baseados na Web é proposto. Esse processo é composto pelos subprocessos de engenharia reversa de sistemas baseados na Web, de criação de uma linguagem de padrões e de construção e instanciação do framework. O subprocesso de engenharia reversa utiliza sistemas presentes na Web para derivar um modelo do domínio de aplicação. O desenvolvimento da linguagem de padrões é baseado no modelo do domínio e a construção do framework utiliza essa linguagem de padrões como base de todo o processo. Os produtos resultantes do uso desse processo para o domínio dos leilões virtuais, a Linguagem de Padrões LV e o Framework Qd+, também são apresentados. / A process for the development of web-based information systems frameworks is proposed. This process comprises a reverse engineering - for web-based information systems -, a pattern language creation, and a framework instantiation subprocesses. The reverse engineering subprocess uses existing WISs to derive an application domain model. The pattern language is created from the application domain model and the framework is developed from this pattern language. The deliverables of the application of this process to the online auctions domain, the Pattern Language for Online Auctions and the Qd+ Framework, are also presented.
173

Lärande processer i den digitala transformationens framfart : Möjligheter och utmaningar i arbetslivet för kompetenshöjande aktiviteter / Learning Processes in the Digital Transformational Progress : Opportunities and Challenges at the Workplace

Bysell Hamrin, Chris January 2018 (has links)
Studiens syfte var att bidra med kunskap om hur lärande processer påverkas av den snabbt ökande digitala transformationen som sker inom arbetslivet. Inom den digitala transformationen så har fokus varit att utforska de olika digitala kanaler och verktyg som erbjuds för kompetenshöjande aktiviteter.De frågeställningar som studien fokuserade på handlade om den digitala kompetensen, användandet av digitala verktyg och kanaler för kompetenshöjande aktiviteter, förändrade lärande processer i och med digitaliseringen samt vilka drivkrafter och motivationer som styr arbetsplatslärandet. Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ hermeneutisk metod med halvstrukturerade intervjuer och det var 12 personer som deltog i studien. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten att det har skett en förändringi lärande processerna då de digitala medierna används i större omfattningar. Samtidigt framkom det också insikter att deltagarna mest föredragna lärstil eventuellt inte används vid digitala utbildningsinsatser. Utifrån de resultat som framkom så visade det även att det inte är den digitala kompetensen som hindrar medarbetare från att ta del av det digitala utbudet av de kompetenshöjande aktiviteter som erbjuds. De hinder som upplevs är att det inte finns tillgänglig tid för lärande, relevant kompetensutveckling som stödjer professionen och tid för både individuell reflektion samt tid för reflektion tillsammans med kollegor som kan ge både nya perspektiv och synvinklar.
174

Etude de la variation génétique et de la plasticité des comportements sociaux chez la drosophile / Study of genetic variation and plasticity of social behaviors in Drosophila

Philippe, Anne-Sophie 17 June 2015 (has links)
La variation des comportements sociaux est une problématique très importante pour appréhender l’évolution de la socialité dans le règne animal. Par l’étude des interactions entre les paramètres génétiques et environnementaux sur les comportements sociaux de la drosophile (Drosophila melanogaster), cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette problématique et cherche à mettre en évidence les paramètres déterminants pour la expliquer la variation des comportements sociaux des individus. Au cours de ce travail de recherche, on a pu étudier et mettre en évidence l’existence de comportements sociaux chez la drosophile tels que l’apprentissage et l’utilisation des informations sociales dans un contexte de recherche spatiale, le comportement d’agrégation et l’établissement de nombreuses interactions. Ces comportements sont les premiers pas vers plus de socialité et leur étude est indispensable pour comprendre l’évolution vers plus de coopération et de communication entre les individus. L’utilisation de deux lignées issues du polymorphisme génétique du gène foraging (phénotypes Rover et Sitter) a permis de mettre en évidence des différences de comportements entre les individus et d’étudier les interactions entre paramètres génétiques et environnementaux. Les individus de phénotype Sitter témoignent d’un comportement plus social que les individus Rover, utilisant préférentiellement l’information sociale, ils forment aussi des agrégats plus importants semblant attirés par le plus grand nombre. On note aussi que la variation de la composition génétique du groupe entraine une modification du comportement d’agrégation du groupe. Ainsi, les variations interindividuelles influencent le comportement collectif. Le dernier volet de cette thèse s’intéresse aux interactions entre les individus au sein de 12 populations différentes de l’espèce Drosophila melanogaster. Cette approche a permis de révéler une grande variation de l’organisation sociale des individus au sein d’une même espèce et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour étudier l’évolution de la socialité.Ce travail de recherche permet d’apporter de nouveaux éléments sur les facteurs influençant la variation des comportements sociaux et de mettre en avant de nouvelles perspectives pour l’étude de leur évolution. / The social behavior variation is a very important issue for understanding evolution of sociality in animal kingdom. By studying genetic and environmental interactions influence on social behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, this thesis fits with this problematic and focus on the parameters which could explain the social behavior variations. In this research work, we studied and highlighted the existence of social behavior in Drosophila like learning and using social information in a spatial learning task, aggregation behavior and numerous social interactions. These behaviors are the first step before more sociality and their study with no-social species is essential to understand the evolution toward more sociality. The use of two lines from genetic polymorphism of the foraging gene (Rover and Sitter phenotypes) reveals differences in behavior between individuals and enable us to study the influence of genetic and environment parameters. Sitter individuals show more social behavior than Rover ones, using more social information and adopting more aggregation behavior. Variation of the genetic composition of the group influence the aggregation level of Rover individuals. They show more gregarious behavior with majority of Sitter individuals. These observations raise the question of the effects of the information source variations on the social behavior and their implication in interactions variations. The last part of this thesis focuses on the interactions between individuals in 12 different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This approach revealed an important variation in social organization within species and opens new perspectives to study the evolution of sociality.This research bring new elements on factors influencing the change in social behavior and highlight new perspectives for the study of their evolution.
175

L’information comptable à caractère environnemental dans un cadre réglementaire : de la diffusion à l’utilisation de l’information / Environmental accounting information in a regulatory context : From the disclosure to the use of information

Senn, Juliette 26 November 2018 (has links)
Les années récentes ont été marquées par le renforcement des réglementations en matière de diffusion de l’information sociale et environnementale. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l'information comptable à caractère environnemental (ICE) dans ce contexte en pleine évolution. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre d’analyse de la théorie néo-institutionnelle et porte sur la notion de normativité. Trois études empiriques, traitant pour chacune d’elle une dimension du processus de diffusion de l’information sont menées. Elles sont toutes trois réalisées dans le cadre réglementaire français. Le premier article identifie comment les entreprises renseignent l’ICE et les stratégies qui en découlent face à la publication d'une nouvelle loi générale. À partir d’une analyse de contenu des rapports annuels de 96 sociétés cotées sur la période 2009-2014, les résultats montrent que l’introduction de la loi n’a pas favorisé une plus grande transparence dans l’ICE et l’on observe que les firmes qui y sont soumises choisissent différentes réponses. Le deuxième article se focalise sur les coulisses de ces stratégies de publication afin d'examiner la manière dont les producteurs de l’information s’organisent pour répondre aux règlementations auxquelles ils sont soumis. Les résultats d’une étude de 8 cas multiples montrent que deux stratégies distinctes apparaissent en fonction du type d'ICE. Le troisième article s’attache finalement à observer le comportement des utilisateurs de l’information financière en réaction aux stratégies de diffusion déployées par les entreprises. Nous observons l’évolution de leurs recommandations d’investissement et leurs perceptions quant à l’utilité perçue et la crédibilité accordée à l’ICE. À travers une étude expérimentale menée auprès de 145 participants, il s’avère que ces stratégies modifient la perception de l’utilité et de la crédibilité de cette information. L’ensemble de ces résultats contribue à la compréhension de la manière dont les entreprises (et les acteurs) développent des stratégies pour s’adapter à l’introduction de nouvelles réglementations. / Corporate environmental reporting is becoming more and more widespread and regulated. This dissertation specifically focuses on environmental accounting information (EAI) in this context. Our research draws on neo-institutional theory and concerns the concept of normativity. Three empirical studies, each dealing with one dimension of the information disclosure process, are conducted. They are all carried out in the French regulatory context. The first study examines how companies disclose EAI and the strategies adopted after the adoption of a new law. Based on a content analysis of the annual reports of 96 listed companies over the period 2009-2014, the results show that the law did not favor greater transparency in the EAI and we observe that companies choose different reponses to the law. The second study focuses on behind the scenes of these strategies to identify how producers of information organize themselves to respond to the regulations they are subject to. The results of 8 case studies show that two distinct strategies appear depending on the type of EAI. The third study focuses on the users of information behavior and how they react to the firms’ disclosure strategies. We consider the point of view of financial analysts by investigating the effect of firms’ EAI disclosure strategies on investment recommendations and perceptions of this item (as regards to both the relevance and credibility of information). Through an experimental study conducted with 145 participants, it turned out that these strategies modify both the perception of relevance and credibility of information. Overall, the dissertation contributes to our understanding of how companies (and actors) develop strategies to adapt to the introduction of new regulations.
176

EES 2013 - Energy EcoSystems 2013

11 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Im Kontext der Energiewende durchlebt die Energiewirtschaft in Deutschland gegenwärtig einen tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel. Der Trend zur Fragmentierung und Dezentralisierung von Marktteilnehmern wird sich in den nächsten Jahren fortsetzen und weiter beschleunigen. Die Komplexität des Energiesystems wird weiter steigen. Gleichzeitig ergeben sich im Zuge dieser Entwicklung für energiewirtschaftliche Akteure (Erzeuger, Verbraucher, Netze, Energiemärkte und IuK-Technologien) vielfältige wirtschaftliche Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsperspektiven. Das Konzept "Ecosystems" eröffnet innovative Perspektiven auf die zu erwartenden energiewirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen. Es strukturiert das komplexe Zusammenspiel der einzelnen Akteure und Teilsysteme mit der Zielsetzung, das Gesamtsystem sicherer, effizienter und umweltverträglicher zu gestalten. Im Fokus der Energy EcoSystems Conference 2013 stehen hierbei vier Betrachtungsebenen – die physikalische Ebene, die IKT-Ebene, die ökonomische Ebene und die soziokulturelle Ebene – sowie deren ebenenübergreifenden Wechselwirkungen. Mit den Sessions "Energy EcoSystems heute und morgen", "Technische Informationsbedarfe im Energy EcoSystem", "Vermarktung und Verbrauch im Energy EcoSystem\\\", \\\"Erneuerbare Energien im Energy EcoSystem", "Innovationen im Energy EcoSystem" und "Quo vadis Energy EcoSystems?" liegen die Schwerpunkte der Konferenz in der Systemintegration von Erneuerbare-Energie-Anlagen, der Flexibilisierung des Verbrauchs auf physikalischer und ökonomischer Ebene, der Standardisierung von Datenformaten und Kommunikationsprotokollen, der Umsetzung steigender informationstechnischer Anforderungen sowie in Ansätzen zur Optimierung des Gesamtsystems. Dieser Tagungsband beinhaltet die wissenschaftlichen Beiträge der Scientific Tracks sowie ausgewählte Präsentationen der Industrie Tracks der Konferenz. Dr. Gerd Arnold, Dr. Stefan Kühne, Johannes Schmidt und Dr. Andrej Werner – das Konferenzkomitee – danken den Teilnehmern für die hochwertigen wissenschaftlichen sowie praxisrelevanten Beiträge und Diskussionen. Weiterhin möchte sich das Konferenzkomitee bei den Projektförderern Sächsische Aufbaubank (SAB), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) sowie Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) bedanken, welche durch unterschiedliche Förderprogramme die anstehenden Herausforderungen in der Energiewirtschaft und die Entwicklung hin zu einer erfolgreichen und exportierbaren Energiewende unterstützen. Besonderer Dank gilt den Sponsoren perdata Gesellschaft für Informationsverarbeitung mbH und GETEC net AG, durch deren Unterstützung viele Teilnehmer ihre Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse auf der EcoSystems Conference 2013 vorstellen konnten. Das Konferenzkomitee dankt auch den Mitgliedern des Organisationskomitees –- Axel Hummel, Stefan Sprick und Robert Wehlitz –- für ihr persönliches Engagement und ihre tatkräftige operative Unterstützung. Weitere Informationen zur Energy EcoSystems Conference 2013 sowie die Folien der ReferentInnen finden Sie unter http://ees2013.infai.org. Alle Informationen zur nächsten Energy EcoSystems Conference werden unter http://ees.infai.org bekannt gegeben.
177

Betriebsführung und Instandhaltung regenerativer Energieanlagen

11 December 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Der vorliegende 38. Band der Reihe "Leipziger Beiträge zur Informatik" fasst die Ergebnisse der Fachtagung "Betriebsführung und Instandhaltung regenerativer Energieanlagen (BIREA)" am 24. und 25. September 2012 in Leipzig zusammen. Die Fachtagung adressierte aktuelle Herausforderungen der Energiewirtschaft im Allgemeinen und der Branche der Erneuerbaren Energien im Speziellen. Der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Bruttostromverbrauch wird sich von derzeit ca. 17 % im Jahre 2020 auf 35% verdoppeln und langfristig bis auf 80% steigen. Mit der wachsenden Bedeutung steigen auch die Anforderungen an die regenerative Energiebranche. Dabei stehen im Vordergrund: a) die Versorgungssicherheit und Netzstabilität, b) sinkende Einspeisevergütungen, c) die Betriebsoptimierung regenerativer Energieanlagen, d) die effiziente Instandhaltung regenerativer Energieanlagen, e) die Vernetzung von Energieerzeugern und -verbrauchern zu virtuellen Kraftwerken, f) Verfügbarkeitsgarantien für Energieanlagen sowie Strom- und Ausfallprognosen. Die Fachtagung fokussierte folgende Themen des Betriebs und der Instandhaltung regenerativer Energieanlagen: a) neuartige Dienstleistungen (z. B. Wirkungsgradanalyse, Ertragsprognosen, Ausfallprognosen), b) Standardisierungsprozesse (z. B. RDS-PP, IEC 61850 / IEC 61400-25), c) die IKT-unterstützte Optimierung (z. B. Lebenslaufakte, Betriebsführung, Instandhaltungsplanung).
178

Sistemas de informação em Saúde Pública no Brasil: uma revisão de 2008 a 2012 na literatura nacional especializada / Information Systems in Public Health in Brazil: a review from 2008 to 2012 in the national specialized

Hamilcar José Ferreira de Miranda 02 July 2013 (has links)
A saúde pública no país é uma área de alta demanda, dependente de tecnologia cara e de rápida obsolescência, com custos operacional e de manutenção altos, e com uma cobrança de crescimento ininterrupto, decorrente tanto do aumento vegetativo dos usuários, quanto da instabilidade social, quando os desempregados perdem a condição de se utilizar da saúde suplementar e migram para a rede pública. Há um agravamento de tal situação pela dispersão geográfica da população, pelo tamanho do país. O Sistema Único de Saúde, através do PlanejaSUS, tem um esforço continuado de planejar o funcionamento da saúde pública no país, para o que se utiliza, entre outros recursos, dos seguintes sistemas: de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos; de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; de Informações Hospitalares; e de Informação de Mortalidade. Com o objetivo de identificar o grau de consistência dos mesmos, foi feito um levantamento de periódicos dos últimos 5 anos, de artigos que apontavam tal característica. Mediante a utilização de recortes dos artigos, análise e tabulação de resultados, identificou-se o predomínio de deficiências de pessoal e de qualidade das informações, estas últimas decorrentes das primeiras. Em apenas um caso houve queixa da infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação. Conclui-se pela priorização de trabalhos de persuasão e capacitação de funcionários; por um ajuste na expectativa pela precisão dos sistemas, já que por seu macro dimensionamento, face à dispersão geográfica e ao grande número de pessoas envolvidas, são sistemas com tendência natural à instabilidade; pelo papel que pesquisas como as apresentadas nos artigos podem fazer no controle de tais sistemas; pela consistência apresentada atualmente pelos sistemas, que embora não seja ótima, tem sustentado inúmeras pesquisas cujos resultados são validados por subsídios da literatura e cruzamento de bancos de dados. Aventa-se ainda a possibilidade de, em um trabalho de parceria entre universidades, centros de pesquisa, e o Sistema Único de Saúde, este último estabeleça alguns eixos e categorias, e estimule continuadamente pesquisas voltadas para identificação do nível de consistência dos sistemas mencionados, pesquisas estas cujos resultados poderão funcionar na redução da instabilidade dos mesmos / Public health in the country is a department of high demand, dependent on expensive technology and quick obsolescence, with high operational and maintenance costs, and with a charge of uninterrupted growth, due to both the vegetative growth of users, and the social instability, when the unemployed lose the condition of using additional health system and migrate to the public service. There is a worsening of the situation caused by the geographical dispersion of the population, by the size of the country. The Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), through the PlanejaSUS, mantain a continued effort of planning the operation of public health in the country, for what it use, among other features, the following systems: information on live borns; reportable diseases information; hospital information; and mortality information. In order to identify the consistency degree of these systems was made a survey of the past 5 years, using articles that pointed such feature. Using cutouts of articles, analysis and tabulation of results, it was identified the predominance of disabilities of personnel and quality of the information, the latter arising out of the first. In only one case there was complaint of information technology infrastructure. It is concluded by the prioritization of work of persuasion and training of employees; by an adjustment in anticipation for the accuracy of the systems, since by its macro scale, given the geographic dispersion and the large number of people involved, that these are systems with natural tendency to instability; the role that research such as those presented in articles can make in the control of such systems; by consistency presented by systems, which although are not great, has sustained extensive research whose results are validated by literature subsidies and databases crossover. It also suggests the possibility of, in a working partnership between universities, research centers, and the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), the latter shall establish some axes and categories, and encourage continued research aimed to identifying the level of consistency of the mentioned systems, these research results may work in reducing instability
179

Интегрални систем рачуноводственог информисања као фактор развоја пољопривреде / Integralni sistem računovodstvenog informisanja kao faktor razvoja poljoprivrede / Integral system of accounting informing as a development factor of agriculture

Figurek Aleksandra 09 June 2014 (has links)
<p>Пољопривредна дјелатност одвија се у динамичном окружењу (климатске промјене, смањење обрадивих површина, глобализација тржишта, итд.) што се<br />У раду је дефинисан интегрални систем рачуноводственог информисања у области пољопривреде, у оквиру кога се издвајају два основна нивоа, односно подсистема. Микро ниво се односи на изградњу оптималног система књиговодствене евиденције и продуковање рачуноводствених информација на пољопривредном газдинству. Макро ниво обухвата прикупљање рачуноводствених информација са газдинстава, њихову обраду, сумирање и презентовање свим заинтересованим корисницима. Сваки од ових нивоа, односно подсистема, одликује се комплексношћу и свеобухватношћу и истовремено су међусобно повезани у јединствен систем рачоводственог информисања. Није могуће доносити квалитетне одлуке на макро нивоу, које треба да омогуће развој газдинстава и пољопривреде у цјелини, без квалитетних производно-економских информација са самих газдинстава. И обрнуто, тешко је доносити адекватне управљачке одлуке и остваривати добре резултате на газдинствима, ако се не уважава цјелина агросектора (структурни проблеми, стање у окружењу, глобални трендови кретања понуде, тражње, цијене на тржиштима набавке и продаје, итд.). Пољопривредни произвођачи појединачно, не могу да сагледају ове проблеме на адекватан начин. Управо је задатак креатора аграрне политике, да одговарајућим мјерама (подстицајима, информацијама, савјетима, итд.) омогуће газдинствима што повољније услове пословања, и да правилно усмјеравају развој агросектора на дуги рок.непосредно одражава на резултате пословања пољопривредних газдинстава. Ефикасно управљање газдинствима, засновано на квалитетним производно-финансијским информацијама које продукује систем континуиране рачуноводствене евиденције пословних активности, представља предуслов опстанка и развоја сваког газдинства појединачно, односно агросектора у цјелини.<br />У дисертацији су представљена нова теоријско-концепцијска и методолошко-апликативна рјешења и поступци за успостављање интегралног система рачуноводственог информисања у области пољопривреде. Дефинисани интегрални систем рачуноводственог информисања у области пољопривреде карактерише универзалност, односно примјенљивост у различитим државама, наравно уз одговарајућа методолошко-апликативна прилагођавања специфичним условима у свакој земљи. Успостављањем интегралног система рачуноводственог информисања у пракси, несумљиво ће доносити низ користи свим субјектима који су повезани са пољопривредном производњом: пољопривредни произвођачи, савјетодавна служба, научно-образовне установе и организације, министарство и друге државне институције, струковна удружења произвођача из области агросектора (коморе, кластери) и др.<br />Резултати дисертације посједују значајну теоријску, методолошку и апликативну вриједност и значајно доприносе развоју теорије и праксе у области пољопривредног рачуноводства, а тиме и унапређењу аграрног сектора у цјелини.<br />&nbsp;</p> / <p>Poljoprivredna djelatnost odvija se u dinamičnom okruženju (klimatske promjene, smanjenje obradivih površina, globalizacija tržišta, itd.) što se<br />U radu je definisan integralni sistem računovodstvenog informisanja u oblasti poljoprivrede, u okviru koga se izdvajaju dva osnovna nivoa, odnosno podsistema. Mikro nivo se odnosi na izgradnju optimalnog sistema knjigovodstvene evidencije i produkovanje računovodstvenih informacija na poljoprivrednom gazdinstvu. Makro nivo obuhvata prikupljanje računovodstvenih informacija sa gazdinstava, njihovu obradu, sumiranje i prezentovanje svim zainteresovanim korisnicima. Svaki od ovih nivoa, odnosno podsistema, odlikuje se kompleksnošću i sveobuhvatnošću i istovremeno su međusobno povezani u jedinstven sistem račovodstvenog informisanja. Nije moguće donositi kvalitetne odluke na makro nivou, koje treba da omoguće razvoj gazdinstava i poljoprivrede u cjelini, bez kvalitetnih proizvodno-ekonomskih informacija sa samih gazdinstava. I obrnuto, teško je donositi adekvatne upravljačke odluke i ostvarivati dobre rezultate na gazdinstvima, ako se ne uvažava cjelina agrosektora (strukturni problemi, stanje u okruženju, globalni trendovi kretanja ponude, tražnje, cijene na tržištima nabavke i prodaje, itd.). Poljoprivredni proizvođači pojedinačno, ne mogu da sagledaju ove probleme na adekvatan način. Upravo je zadatak kreatora agrarne politike, da odgovarajućim mjerama (podsticajima, informacijama, savjetima, itd.) omoguće gazdinstvima što povoljnije uslove poslovanja, i da pravilno usmjeravaju razvoj agrosektora na dugi rok.neposredno odražava na rezultate poslovanja poljoprivrednih gazdinstava. Efikasno upravljanje gazdinstvima, zasnovano na kvalitetnim proizvodno-finansijskim informacijama koje produkuje sistem kontinuirane računovodstvene evidencije poslovnih aktivnosti, predstavlja preduslov opstanka i razvoja svakog gazdinstva pojedinačno, odnosno agrosektora u cjelini.<br />U disertaciji su predstavljena nova teorijsko-koncepcijska i metodološko-aplikativna rješenja i postupci za uspostavljanje integralnog sistema računovodstvenog informisanja u oblasti poljoprivrede. Definisani integralni sistem računovodstvenog informisanja u oblasti poljoprivrede karakteriše univerzalnost, odnosno primjenljivost u različitim državama, naravno uz odgovarajuća metodološko-aplikativna prilagođavanja specifičnim uslovima u svakoj zemlji. Uspostavljanjem integralnog sistema računovodstvenog informisanja u praksi, nesumljivo će donositi niz koristi svim subjektima koji su povezani sa poljoprivrednom proizvodnjom: poljoprivredni proizvođači, savjetodavna služba, naučno-obrazovne ustanove i organizacije, ministarstvo i druge državne institucije, strukovna udruženja proizvođača iz oblasti agrosektora (komore, klasteri) i dr.<br />Rezultati disertacije posjeduju značajnu teorijsku, metodološku i aplikativnu vrijednost i značajno doprinose razvoju teorije i prakse u oblasti poljoprivrednog računovodstva, a time i unapređenju agrarnog sektora u cjelini.<br />&nbsp;</p> / <p>Agricultural activity takes place in a dynamic environment (climate change, reduction of arable land, the globalization of markets, etc.) which is directly reflected on the operating results of the agricultural holdings. Effective management of agricultural holdings based on the quality production-financial informations (produced by the accounting system of continuous records), represents a prerequisite for the survival and development of each individual agricultural holding and the whole agricultural sector.<br />In the thesis is defined an integral system of accounting informing in agriculutral sector, which has two levels or subsystems. is an imperative. Micro level refers the construction of the optimal system of accounting records, generating of accounting informations about agricultural holdings. Macro level includes the collection of accounting informations about holdings, their processing, summarizing and presentation to all interested users. Each of these levels, or subsystems, are also characterized by complexity, comprehensiveness, and both are closely related and mutually conditioned. There is no possibility to make good decisions at the macro level (which should enable the development of holdings and agriculture as a whole), without quality economical and production informations from the agricultural holdings. Conversely, it is difficult to make appropriate management decisions and achieve good results on the agricultural holdings, if there is no respect for the whole agricultural sector (structural problems, environment, global trends in supply, demand and price in the market purchases and sales, etc). Agricultural producers individually, of course, can not perceive this and estimate adequately, but the task of agricultural creators, through the appropriate measures (incentives, informations, advices, etc), is to provide to the agricultural producers the most favorable conditions for doing business, and to direct the development of the agrarian sector in the long term.<br />In the thesis are presented theoretical-conceptual and methodological-applicative solutions and procedures for the establishment of an integrated system of accounting informing in the field of agriculture. Defined integral system of accounting informing in the field of agriculture is characterized by universality, and applicability in different countries, of course, with appropriate methodological adjustments of the specific conditions in each country. The establishment of an integral system of accounting informing in practice, will undoubtedly bring a number of benefits to all stakeholders that are associated with agricultural production: farmers, advisory services, scientific and educational institutions, ministries and other state institutions, professional associations of producers in the agrarian sector (chambers, clusters) and others. Results of the thesis have significant theoretical, methodological and applicative value and significantly contribute to the development of theory and practice in the field of agricultural accounting, and thereby improve the agricultural sector as a whole.<br />&nbsp;</p>
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Détection des fraudes : de l’image à la sémantique du contenu : application à la vérification des informations extraites d’un corpus de tickets de caisse / Fraud detection : from image to semantics of content

Artaud, Chloé 06 February 2019 (has links)
Les entreprises, les administrations, et parfois les particuliers, doivent faire face à de nombreuses fraudes sur les documents qu’ils reçoivent de l’extérieur ou qu’ils traitent en interne. Les factures, les notes de frais, les justificatifs... tout document servant de preuve peut être falsifié dans le but de gagner plus d’argent ou de ne pas en perdre. En France, on estime les pertes dues aux fraudes à plusieurs milliards d’euros par an. Étant donné que le flux de documents échangés, numériques ou papiers, est très important, il serait extrêmement coûteux en temps et en argent de les faire tous vérifier par des experts de la détection des fraudes. C’est pourquoi nous proposons dans notre thèse un système de détection automatique des faux documents. Si la plupart des travaux en détection automatique des faux documents se concentrent sur des indices graphiques, nous cherchons quant à nous à vérifier les informations textuelles du document afin de détecter des incohérences ou des invraisemblances. Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord constitué un corpus de tickets de caisse que nous avons numérisés et dont nous avons extrait le texte. Après avoir corrigé les sorties de l’OCR et fait falsifier une partie des documents, nous en avons extrait les informations et nous les avons modélisées dans une ontologie, afin de garder les liens sémantiques entre elles. Les informations ainsi extraites, et augmentées de leurs possibles désambiguïsations, peuvent être vérifiées les unes par rapport aux autres au sein du document et à travers la base de connaissances constituée. Les liens sémantiques de l’ontologie permettent également de chercher l’information dans d’autres sources de connaissances, et notamment sur Internet. / Companies, administrations, and sometimes individuals, have to face many frauds on documents they receive from outside or process internally. Invoices, expense reports, receipts...any document used as proof can be falsified in order to earn more money or not to lose it. In France, losses due to fraud are estimated at several billion euros per year. Since the flow of documents exchanged, whether digital or paper, is very important, it would be extremely costly and time-consuming to have them all checked by fraud detection experts. That’s why we propose in our thesis a system for automatic detection of false documents. While most of the work in automatic document detection focuses on graphic clues, we seek to verify the textual information in the document in order to detect inconsistencies or implausibilities.To do this, we first compiled a corpus of documents that we digitized. After correcting the characters recognition outputs and falsifying part of the documents, we extracted the information and modelled them in an ontology, in order to keep the semantic links between them. The information thus extracted, and increased by its possible disambiguation, can be verified against each other within the document and through the knowledge base established. The semantic links of ontology also make it possible to search for information in other sources of knowledge, particularly on the Internet.

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