La tesi analizza il significato dell'abitazione nella società contemporanea, dove il processo di individualizzazione e la crescente importanza dell'esperienza quotidiana come spazio in cui i soggetti costruiscono il senso del loro agire, rendono la casa un oggetto di studio privilegiato. La trattazione si apre con un'analisi dell'abitare che prende in considerazione i principali significati legati alla casa, riconducibili essenzialmente alle due sfere semantiche dei termini inglesi house e home, e traccia una breve storia dello spazio domestico italiano dagli anni cinquanta fino ai giorni nostri. Successivamente, l'analisi viene contestualizzata nella cultura italiana contemporanea; innanzitutto, l'attenzione è puntata sulla house, con la descrizione del quadro abitativo attuale da un punto di vista quantitativo e strutturale. Poi, ci si sofferma sulla home, con l'analisi della relazione tra la casa, i bisogni e la cultura nella società contemporanea e, in particolare, viene approfondito il ruolo dell'abitazione come strumento di comunicazione dell'identità. Dopo questo inquadramento generale, il focus si sposta sulle giovani coppie: con riferimento ai risultati della ricerca empirica, vengono descritte le tappe del processo del “metter su casa” e il modo in cui oggi si caratterizza il rapporto tra le giovani coppie e l'abitazione. / The thesis analyses the meaning of the couple house/home in contemporary society. The actual social context is characterized by a process of individualization and by the increasing importance of daily experience as a space where individuals try to build the meaning of their behaviour: these elements make house/home an interesting subject of study. The thesis starts with an analysis of inhabiting and of its main meanings, which are essentially linked to the two semantic areas of house and home, and describes a short history of Italian domestic space from fifties to our days. Then, the analysis focuses on contemporary Italian culture; first, the reasoning points attention towards the house, with the description of the actual dwelling situation from a quantitative and structural point of view. Then, the treatment examines the home, with the analysis of home-needs-culture relation, and, in particular, analyses the home role as an identity communication tool. After the analysis of the general situation, the focus moves to young couples: with reference to the empiric research, the treatment describes the steps of the “step up house” process and the particular relation between young couples and their home.

Throughout time man has discovered that the human form, in all its harmonious proportion, can be used as a guide, gauge and tool to design and build structures. However, the human figure has not been the only organic form used to create architecture. Many animals create dwellings that synchronize with not only their own unique physical characteristics and survival instincts, but with their aesthetic preferences as well. It is logical that a design should respond to its surroundings, program and most importantly, its inhabitants. This thesis design is for two specific occupants: the cat and the human. They are both meant to inhabit the building wholly and simultaneously. The way each of them experiences and uses the space, however, differs greatly. For a building to survive it needs many of the same things as living creatures: sunlight, air and movement, to name a few. It also needs to function like a living creature. It must breathe, sleep, respond to the changing seasons, and adapt over time. This thesis is an investigation of how both human and cat can dwell in a building of harmonious proportion, scale, light, and material. / Master of Architecture

Dans le cadre du projet de « maintenir ou accroître l'habitabilité du monde » (Ezio Manzini, 1991), nous interrogeons la manière de penser l’habiter par le design, qui rencontre de notre point de vue la question des enveloppes de l'homme, artificielles versus biologiques, matérielles versus virtuelles. Le cas de l’habit, hypothétique enveloppe habitable dérivée du vêtement, première architecture selon Gottfried Semper et le « principe du revêtement », retient tout particulièrement notre attention. Le sujet est abordé par une théorisation située à partir d’un projet expérimental personnel de conception et fabrication d’enveloppes textiles, qui attesta d’une rationalité et d’une expansivité tout à fait singulières. Son étude est conduite par une méthode poïétique, au sens de Paul Valéry, qui combine une étude herméneutique des productions, une exégèse de la nature systémique de la démarche (programme et émergences), ainsi qu’une exégèse complémentaire du travail technique en actes (facture et irrégularités). La transdisciplinarité inhérente à la problématique est ainsi envisagée à partir de la pensée de l’art textile de Semper, la pensée poétique et épistémologique de Valéry, et la pensée esthétique complexe issue des sciences du vivant. La construction théorique nous emporte à suggérer, en regard de l’habitabilité, la perspective d’un nouveau paradigme, la textilité. / In context of the project intended to « maintain or increase the habitability of the world » (Ezio Manzini, 1991), we question the way of thinking the dwelling by design, which meets, according to us, the question of human envelopes, artificial versus biological, material versus virtual. The case of the habit, hypothetical inhabitable envelope derived from garment, primary architecture according to Gottfried Semper and the “theory of clothing”, particularly focuses our attention. The subject is approached by a situated theorizing from a personal experimental project of conception and manufacture of textile envelopes, which demonstrated a rationality and expansiveness quite singular. The study is leaded by a poïetic method, as defined by Paul Valéry, combining an hermeneutical study of production, an exegesis of the systemic nature of the process (program and emergences), and an additional exegesis of the technical work through the acts (craft and irregularities). The inherent transversality of the problem is thus considered with means of the thought of textile art of Semper, the poetic and epistemological thought of Valéry, and the complex aesthetic thought outcome from of the life sciences. The theoretical construction takes us to suggest, in comparison with the one of habitability, the way to a new paradigm of textility.

The thesis deals with possible ways of drainage and wastewater disposal. The issue of wastewater discharge to the environment has been closely monitored in recent years, and there is an apparent effort to improve the current situation.The dissertation discusses and compares three selected options – access to improved sanitation, building reservoirs and domestic wastewater treatment plant.The final section is dedicated to a comparison of acquisition and operating costs over time and to subsequent evaluation of the most suitable option. For the sake of clarity and assessment of potential solutions, the locality in the administrative area Vysoké Mýto - Domoradice has been selected as a model. The local authorities have been designing a public storm sewer, and given that it is surrounded by land, this issue will need to be addressed.

L’aéroport est un objet géographique protéiforme, caractérisé par son « obsolescence accélérée » (BANHAM, 1962). Depuis les années 1990, son ultime mutation s’articule autour d’un processus de diversification fonctionnelle engendré par l’injection d’activités nouvelles, parfois éloignées du transport aérien, dans l’objectif d’accroître les profits et la rentabilité de l’infrastructure dans un contexte de privatisation généralisée. Cette évolution concerne les plus grands hubs mondiaux, notamment Paris-CDG, quatrième aéroport du monde selon le trafic passagers international. Cette tendance, qui a donné naissance au concept opérationnel d’airport city, tel qu’il est désigné par les observateurs et opérateurs anglo-saxons, attise doublement la curiosité géographique. En premier lieu, parce qu’elle interroge la fonction première de l’infrastructure de transport qu’est l’aéroport, qui devient alors un objet spatial non identifié qu’il convient de redéfinir. En second lieu, parce que cette désignation d’airport city, traduite par les opérateurs francophones par ville aéroportuaire, interroge la ville et surtout ce qui fait la ville dans ses dimensions matérielle et idéelle, c’est-à-dire l’urbanité et la citadinité. Suffit-il d’injecter des fonctions urbaines dans un espace pour en faire de la ville ? La ville aéroportuaire n’est-elle qu’une ville fonctionnelle ? En s’efforçant d’évaluer la pertinence géographique de la notion d’airport city, cette thèse impose de faire de l’urbanité et de la citadinité des concepts opératoires afin de les confronter au terrain aéroportuaire. Elle s’efforce également de replacer l’aéroport au centre de l’étude géographique en proposant un ajustement de l’échelle d’observation à l’ensemble de la zone aéroportuaire, évitant ainsi la synecdoque particularisante réduisant l’aéroport au terminal. Dans l’évaluation de la citadinité, elle a également pour objectif de saisir les spatialités de l’ensemble de la société aéroportuaire (passagers, employés, accompagnants, SDF, etc.). / Airports are protean geographical objects characterized by their « accelerated obsolescence » (BANHAM, 1962). Since the 1990s, their final transformation has been structured around a process of functional diversification engendered by new activities, which are sometimes very different from air transport, in order to increase the infrastructures’ profits and profitability in a context of widespread privatization. The world’s largest hub airports are concerned by this evolution, especially the Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport, the world’s fourth busiest airport by international passenger traffic. This trend, which has given birth to the operational concept of airport city, as the Anglo-Saxon operators and observers call it, stirs up the geographical curiosity in two ways. Firstly, it questions the primary function of airports, which become unidentified spatial objects that need to be redefined. Secondly, the concept of airport city questions the city itself. Indeed, what makes a city a city on a material (urbanity) and conceptual (“citadinity”) level? Can a space with urban functions be considered as a city? Is the airport city only a functional city? By assessing the geographical relevance of the concept of airport city, this thesis aims at making the concepts of urbanity and “citadinity” operational concepts, so as to compare them with the airport ground. By adjusting the observation scale to the whole airport area, it also replaces the airport at the centre of the geographical study. Thus, the airport is not simply viewed as a terminal. Finally, this thesis aims at understanding the whole airport society’s spatiality (passengers, employees, accompanying people, homeless people…) by assessing the concept of “citadinity".