The field of algebraic tropical geometry establishes a deep connection between algebraic geometry and combinatorics by associating to certain classical algebraic varieties so called tropical varieties, which are polyhedral complexes in some real vectorspaces. Tropical varieties are closely related to the Groebner complexes of the ideal defining the classical variety. In this thesis the tropical variety of an ideal is studied under a generic change of coodinates. Analogously to the existence of generic initial ideals the existence of generic Groebner complexes and generic tropical varieties is proved. Moreover, it is shown that in the constant coefficient case information on the invariants dimension, Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity and depth of the corresponding coordinate rings can be obtained from generic tropical varieties.

This thesis is an exploration of the properties of shallow generative adversarial networks (GANs). We focus on several aspects of GANs to investigate the learnability of a class of distributions using shallow GANs and conduct experiments to explore the influence of these aspects on the performance of the GAN models. We identify and analyze several pathological phenomena in theoretical analysis and experiments, and propose potential solutions for them.

Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) and delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) were introduced into Willard Reservoir to improve the forage base for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). Spottail shiners were stocked in early spring in 1981, 1982, and 1983. Hauling mortality was generally great and an estimated 34,500 live fish were stocked in the 3-year period. Spottail shiner reproduction occurred each year of stocking. Delta smelt were introduced in 1982 with the stocking of 15,000 adult spawning fish. Stocking survival was estimated at 99%. Freshly spawned eggs were also obtained and placed in a tributary to Willard Reservoir. Shoreline seining produced 29 · young-of-the-year delta smelt during June 1982. Growth of the captured young-of-the-year spottail shiner and delta smelt in Willard Reservoir compared favorably with growth found in their respective native waters. Stomach analysis indicated food habits were similar to those in native waters. Food habit analysis of young-of-the-year walleye, black crappie, spottail shiner, and delta smelt indicated very little overlap of food organisms between the four fish species. Spottail shiners occurred in 3 of 56 walleye stomachs containing food items in 1982 and 3 of 41 stomachs containing food items in 1983. Delta smelt were not found in the 132 walleye stomachs examined. However, six adult delta smelt were angler-caught walleye in April 1983. No found in the stomachs of spottail shiners or delta smelt were found in 79 black crappie stomachs examined in 1982 or 62 stomachs examined in 1983. Low utilization of spottail shiner and delta smelt was attributed to the low relative abundance of the two species in Willard Reservoir.

Actuarial risk assessment tools have been part of the initial security classification process in Canadian prisons since the 1990s. Developed initially on a white, homogenous male prison population (Hannah-Moffat, 2015b), actuarial instruments have been championed by researchers in the field of corrections and psychology as an “objective” instrument that can standardize the classification procedure (Andrews et al., 1990; Barnum & Gobeil, 2012). However, the universal application of such tools has been met with resistance, criticized for having not been validated on an Indigenous prison population and thus culturally inappropriate for use (Martel et al., 2011; Monture-Angus, 1999; Webster & Doob, 2004). This thesis intends to examine how Correctional Service Canada (CSC) has legitimated the use of actuarial tools in its initial security classification and penitentiary placement procedure. Guided by the theoretical framework of governmentality (Foucault, 1991) and the logic of elimination (Wolfe, 1994; 2006), this study undertakes a qualitative content analysis of seven CSC research documents that evaluated the empirical validity and reliability of the Custody Rating Scale (CRS), a 12-item structured instrument that calculates a prisoner’s recommended security classification level. I put forth the argument that, in the process of legitimating actuarial instruments by appealing to justifications grounded in an actuarial rationality, CSC simultaneously facilitates the ontological erasure of Indigenous people in prison that is consistent with a logic of elimination inherent in settler colonial societies.

The present PhD thesis deals with initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Czech capital market. Unlike the Czech Republic, financing company activities through IPOs is widespread globally and advanced capital markets utilize IPOs as a traditional means of raising funds for further enterprise development. If there were no chance to raise capital this way, the international financial system, and thereby also the economic system, would be different from what they are today. Considering that it is not common to finance enterprise development through IPOs on the Czech capital market, the thesis focuses on creating a comprehensive view of the issue of IPOs on the Czech market and aims to acquire new information in this field. This is why the thesis is divided into theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical section provides an analysis of the state of the art in the sphere of IPOs that is based on foreign literature since Czech literature offers only limited information regarding IPOs. As part of the analysis, the term ´initial public offering´ is defined and its Czech equivalent is proposed. The analysis further comprises the advantages and disadvantages linked to this type of financing, it describes the development of IPOs on foreign markets and, last but not least, it explains the cyclical character of IPOs. Specific phenomena accompanying IPOs in advanced markets are defined here. These are underpricing of issues and long-term lower performance of issuers in the post-IPO period. Another part of the theoretical section analyzes all significant costs related to IPOs. The practical section of the thesis, which focuses on the Czech capital market, determines major prerequisites for running an IPO as well as the way an IPO is done. A complex analysis of the causes behind the low number of IPOs in the Czech Republic is carried out and the results of quantitative research into the causes of little interest in financing enterprise development this way are presented. This is followed by an assessment of IPOs done in the Czech Republic so far and by introduction of the results of qualitative research examining particular issuers. In conclusion, the issue of IPOs is summed up and further perspectives of development are outlined.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18803号 / 理博第4061号 / 新制||理||1584(附属図書館) / 31754 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平田 岳史, 教授 田上 高広, 教授 土`山 明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20061号 / 工博第4249号 / 新制||工||1658(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 三ｹ田 均, 教授 小池 克明, 教授 木村 亮 高梨 将 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como foco a Lei 10.639 de 9 de janeiro de 2003 que inclui no currículo oficial das redes públicas e privadas de ensino a obrigatoriedade do estudo da História e da Cultura da África e dos Africanos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi ouvir o que dizem os estudantes e egressos, formados na Pedagogia, sobre questões raciais e educação, envolvendo a referida Lei e seus desdobramentos. Definimos dois cursos tendo como um dos critérios a obrigatoriedade de uma disciplina cuja ementa trate da Lei e outro curso que não contemplasse tal especificidade. A pesquisa visa contribuir com os debates que entrelaçam a formação docente e as questões raciais, possibilitando um avanço no conhecimento da problemática. A hipótese que levantamos foi que os estudantes que tiveram, ao longo do curso de Pedagogia, a obrigatoriedade de matricularem-se em, pelo menos, uma disciplina que tratasse das questões raciais e educação, apresentariam discursos que revelariam concepções teórico-práticas mais elaboradas em relação a saberes e aprendizagens que envolvem a Lei 10.639/2003 e seus desdobramentos, quando comparados com aqueles que não cursaram nenhuma disciplina com este caráter. A pesquisa é um estudo de dois casos e alterna métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Realizamos estudo em documentos oficiais que tratam da implementação da Lei. Foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas. As análises foram feitas a partir dos critérios previamente definidos e tivemos como resultado que os depoimentos dos estudantes e egressos que se matricularam em pelo menos uma disciplina que trata das relações raciais e educação não apresentaram concepções teórico-práticas mais elaboradas em relação a saberes e aprendizagens que envolvem a Lei 10.639/2003 e seus desdobramentos se comparados àqueles que não cursaram. / [en] The present research focuses on the Federal Law 10.639, of January 9, 2003, which includes the obligation to study the History and Culture of Africa and Africans in the official curriculum of public and private educational networks. The objective of the research was to listen to what students and recent graduates of undergraduate courses in Pedagogy say about racial issues and education, involving the mentioned Law and its implementation. We investigated two university courses having, as one of the criteria of inclusion in the study, that one course offer the discipline as obligatory while the other course offer this content only in non-obligatory disciplines. . The research aims to contribute to the debates that intertwine teacher education and racial issues, hopefully contributing to an advance in our knowledge of the problematic. The hypothesis we raised was that students who had, during their course in Pedagogy, the obligation to enroll in at least one discipline dealing with racial issues and education, would present discourses that revealed more elaborate theoretical-practical conceptions in relation to the said Law 10.639 / 2003 and its implementation when compared with those who did not study any discipline with this character. The research is a qualitative study of two cases. We also carried out a study of official documents dealing with the implementation of the Law. Questionnaires were applied and interviews were carried out. The analyzes were made from previously defined criteria and the results show that the statements of students and alumni who enrolled in at least one discipline that deals with race relations and education did not present more elaborate theoretical-practical conceptions regarding the Law 10.639 / 2003 and its developments compared to those who did not do so.

It has been shown in many studies that turbulent flows are highly dependent on their initial conditions. This thesis explores turbulent flow using direct numerical simulation (DNS) in a variety of situations, and culminates in the development of physically realizable initial conditions. The reaction of isotropic homogeneous turbulent flow to the instantaneous insertion of a wall is investigated using two-point correlations. A model with which to predict the behavior of the two-point correlations is also proposed. The proposed model utilizes a reflection technique that with a linear operation, it accurately predicts the behavior of the non-linear two point correlations. The model works exceedingly well for correlations involving wall-perpendicular velocities, but does not predict correlations involving only wall-parallel velocities as well. A vorticity approach is covered, in an effort to highlight which parts of the correlation decomposition are important to the prediction of the correlations after wall imposition. The vorticity study also helps highlight why the proposed linear model predicts the flow. The impact of the initial conditions on axisymmetric contraction flow of turbulent flow is examined, and as a consequence new initial conditions are developed based off of a physically realizable flow condition. The development of the new-initial conditions and the resulting fields are covered, as well as a study on the value of the turbulent decay exponent associated with decay of isotropic turbulent velocity fields.

Machine learning is a rapidly growing field within artificial intelligence that an increasing number of individuals and corporations are beginning to utilize. In recent times, the financial sector has also started to recognize the potential of these techniques and methods. Nasdaq Clearing is responsible for managing the clearing business for the clearinghouse's members, and the objective of this thesis has been to explore the possibilities of using machine learning to replicate a subpart of the SPAN model's margin call calculations, known as initial margin, in the commodities market. The purpose of replicating SPAN's initial margin calculations is to open up for possibilities to create transparency and understanding in how the input variables affect the output. In the long run, we hope to broaden the insights on how one can use machine learning within the margin call processes. Various machine learning algorithms, primarily focused on regression tasks but also a few classification ones, have been employed to replicate the initial margin size. The primary objective of the methodology was to determine the algorithm that demonstrated the best performance in obtaining values that were as close as possible to the actual initial margin values. The findings revealed that a model composed of a combination of classification and regression, with non-parametric algorithms such as Random Forest and KNN, performed the best in both cases. Our conclusion is that the developed model possesses the ability to effectively compute the size of the initial margin and thus accomplishes its objective. / Maskininlärning är ett snabbt växande område inom artificiell intelligens som allt fler individer och företag börjar använda. Finanssektorn har nu också börjat undersöka hur dessa tekniker och metoder kan skapa värde. Nasdaq Clearing hanterar clearingverksamheten för clearinghusets medlemmar och syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka möjligheterna att använda maskininlärning för att replikera en del av SPAN-modellens beräkningar av marginkravet som kallas Initial Marginal. Syftet med att replikera SPANs initiala marginberäkningar är att öppna upp för möjligheter att skapa transparens och förståelse för hur inputvariablernapåverkar outputen. På sikt hoppas vi kunna bredda insikterna hur maskininlärningslösningar skulle kunna användas inom "Margin Call"- processen. De metoder som användes för att replikera storleken på Initial Margin var olika maskininlärningsalgoritmer, främst fokuserade på regressionsuppgifter men några klassificeringsalgoritmer användes också. Fokus i metoden var att hitta vilken algoritm som presterade bäst, det vill säga den algoritm som predikterade närmst de faktiska värdena för Initial Margin. Resultatet visade sig vara en modell som kombinerade klassificering och regression, där icke-parametriska algoritmer såsom Random Forest och KNN var de som presterade bäst i båda fallen. Vår slutsats är att den utvecklade modellen har en god förmåga att beräkna storleken på Initial Margin och därmed uppfyller den sitt syfte.