Orientador: Rosana Giaretta Sguerra Miskulin / Resumo: A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo interpretativo de 26 teses e dissertações, desenvolvidas em programas de pós-graduação de instituições brasileiras no período de 2001 a 2017, as quais investigaram sobre uma ou mais disciplinas de conteúdo matemático (Cálculo, Álgebra, Análise, entre outras) do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. O objetivo da investigação consistiu em analisar os resultados das pesquisas e evidenciar suas articulações com aspectos conceituais do campo da formação de professores de Matemática. Para isso, norteamo-nos pela questão de investigação: “O que nos dizem as pesquisas que investigam disciplinas de conteúdo matemático no sentido de uma articulação entre seus resultados e aspectos conceituais do campo da formação de professores de Matemática?”. As teses e dissertações foram mapeadas em dois momentos distintos, porém a partir dos mesmos critérios de seleção. Aquelas produzidas entre os anos de 2001 e 2012 foram mapeadas no contexto do Projeto Universal “Mapeamento e Estado da arte da pesquisa brasileira sobre o professor que ensina Matemática” que constituiu um corpus de 858 trabalhos sobre o professor que ensina Matemática. Já as teses e dissertações realizadas entre 2013 e 2017 foram mapeadas através do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes. Para analisar os resultados dessas pesquisas utilizamos alguns conceitos da teoria da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977) e nos baseamos em referenciais teóricos sobre formação inicial de prof... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research is characterized as an interpretative study of 26 theses and dissertations, developed in postgraduate programs of Brazilian institutions from 2001 to 2017, which investigated one or more subjects of mathematical content (Calculus, Algebra, Analysis, among others) of the Degree in Mathematics. The objective of the research was to analyze the results of these researches and to highlight their articulations with conceptual aspects of the field of Mathematics teacher training. To that end, we are guided by the research question "What do researches that investigate mathematical content disciplines tell us in the sense of an articulation between their results and conceptual aspects of the field of teacher training in Mathematics?" The theses and dissertations that composed the analysis corpus were mapped in two different moments. Those produced between 2001 and 2012 were mapped in the context of the Universal Project "Mapping and State of the art of Brazilian research on the teacher who teaches Mathematics" which constituted a corpus of 858 works on the teacher who teaches Mathematics. The theses and dissertations carried out between 2013 and 2017 were mapped through the Catalog of Thesis and Dissertations of Capes. In order to analyze its results, we use some concepts from Bardin's theory of content analysis (1977) and rely on theoretical references on the initial formation of teachers of Mathematics and the mathematical formation of the teacher. The results o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Alexandre Janotta Drigo / Resumo: A trajetória histórica da formação em Educação Física mostra que a legislação marcou, e ainda marca, a sua constituição enquanto profissão. No Brasil, a Educação Física foi construída por meio de embates políticos, epistemológicos e ideológicos. Assim, essa área traz arraigada em si características do passado que necessitam ser superadas. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo investigar as Diretrizes para a formação de professores expressas na legislação e as consequências políticas e pedagógicas no campo de formação em Educação Física. Este estudo é de cunho qualitativo e do tipo pesquisa descritiva-analítica. Os dados foram coletados usando-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, composta de quatro questões abertas. A amostra foi composta por 20 profissionais de Educação Física, sendo cinco representantes de cada um dos seguintes grupos: GRUPO A - Entidade Científica com Atuação Nacional; GRUPO B - Coordenação de Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física; GRUPO C - Sistema de Regulamentação Profissional; GRUPO D - Pesquisadores que estudam Formação Profissional em Educação Física. Os resultados mostraram que a perspectiva geral dos participantes dos grupos B, C e D indica que houve avanços ao longo da história, principalmente, porque as Diretrizes apresentaram uma preocupação maior com a dimensão pedagógica no currículo dos cursos de licenciatura, com o fortalecimento da identidade do professor, com a definição do perfil do licenciado e com a especificidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The historical background of Physical Education initial professional education demonstrates that legislation has profoundly influenced its constitution as a profession. In Brazil, the history of Physical Education is marked by political, epistemological and ideological debates. In this sense, this area is embedded in historical characteristics that need to be overcame. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the guidelines regarding initial teacher education and the political and pedagogical consequences on Physical Education initial professional education. This is a qualitative descriptive-analytic study. Data were collected through semi structured interview consisted of four open-ended questions. Participants comprised 20 Physical Education professionals, divided into four groups (five participants each): GROUP A – members of a scientific entity of national scope; GROUP B – coordinators of Physical Education teacher education programs; GROUP C – members of professional regulation system; GROUP D – scholars who do research on Physical Education initial professional education. According to the general perspectives of the participants of groups B, C and D, the findings indicate that there were advances as the guidelines brought a greater concern regarding the pedagogical dimension in the teacher education curriculum, strengthening teachers´ identity, defining the profile of teachers and specifying teacher education. With specific regard to Physical Educatio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Numerical methods to solve initial value problems of differential equations progressed quite a bit in the last century. We give a brief summary of how useful numerical methods are for ordinary differential equations of first and higher order. In this thesis both computational and theoretical discussion of the application of numerical methods on differential equations takes place. The thesis consists of an investigation of various categories of numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations including the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations from a number of practical fields such as equations arising in population dynamics and astrophysics. It includes discussion what are the advantages and disadvantages of implicit methods over explicit methods, the accuracy and stability of methods and how the order of various methods can be approximated numerically. Also, semidiscretization of some partial differential equations and stiff systems which may arise from these semidiscretizations are examined.

This dissertation includes two chapters that investigate the role venture capitalists (VCs) play in the underpricing and in the long-run performance of IPOs. The first chapter focuses on the underpricing of IPOs and attempts to determine the role that VCs play in this underpricing process. The evidence is consistent with a view that VCs agree to underpricing to ascertain benefits from both "grandstanding" and "spinning." The second chapter examines the long-run performance of IPOs and tries to determine the role that VCs play in the development of IPOs. Here, the evidence suggests that VC-backed IPOs appear to have better access to capital than non-VC-backed IPOs, but the long-run performance of VC-backed IPOs is generally mixed.

This paper focuses on two aspects of the recipe minilect: clause-initial adverbials and object and determiner ellipsis in the translation from English into Swedish. The aim of the study is to find general tendencies on how clause-initial adverbials are translated and how this affects the information structure. In addition, the occurrence of object and determiner ellipsis in translations is studied, to see if there are differences between English and Swedish. Based on a theoretical background by Hasselgård (1997) the translation of clause-initial adverbials is identified and structured, according to Hasselgård’s (1997) model of word order correspondence. The structures are then studied quantitatively, through different examples in English and Swedish, and with regards to Lindquist’s (1989) definition of adverbial placement. The theoretical background for the study on object and determiner ellipsis is mainly based on the work by Nordman (1994), Hultman (2003) and Biber et al (1999). The occurrence of ellipsis is identified and then studied quantitatively. The results show that different kinds of word order restrictions govern the translation of clause-initial adverbials and that changes in adverbial placement can affect the information structure. The occurrence of object ellipsis is somewhat higher in the present study than in the analyzed parallel texts, possibly due to influence from the ST. Due to Swedish rules on definiteness, there is a low occurrence of determiner ellipsis in the TT.

This thesis examines the relationship between the aftermarket performance of Chinese initial public offerings (IPOs) and corporate governance for firms that listed during the years 1999 to 2001. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the significance of corporate governance variables as explanations of IPOs aftermarket performance. By doing so, a set of hypotheses dealing with the relationships between IPO aftermarket performance and three categories of independent variables: corporate governance variables; issue variables; and control variables, were examined. The descriptive analysis indicates that IPOs in China continue to provide significant short-term returns to investors, although the level of underpricing has declined from that found in earlier studies. This finding suggests a growing level of maturity and sophistication in the Chinese IPO market. The analysis of long-term performance indicates negative returns to investors which is consistent with international evidence but challenges the bulk of prior Chinese studies. It is found that there is no significant relationship between corporate governance variables and IPO returns in the short-term with the exception of board composition, while IPO underpricing is primarily explained by the imbalance between supply and demand and the inefficient capital market in China. The significance of board composition can be explained by the launch of the new corporate governance code on board structures in 2001. Overall the empirical evidence shows that the Information Asymmetry Hypothesis is an appropriate explanation of the underpricing of Chinese IPOs. In the long-term, it is found that corporate governance variables do have explanatory power for the market performance of Chinese IPOs, in particular state ownership and the separation of Chairman and CEO, supporting the notion that corporate governance appears to be important to IPO investors in the long-term. It also confirms the view that investors are willing to pay a premium for the shares of what they consider to be well-governed firms in the long-term. Besides corporate governance variables, both issue variables and control variables are also found to have explanatory power in IPO aftermarket performance. In particular firm size, IPO offer price, IPO lottery rate and industry are significantly related to IPO short-term performance in China, while growth in earning per share, firm size and industry are related to the long-term market performance.

本研究旨在探討我國新上市承銷制度中公開揭露體系之最適管制體系，所使用之理論架構與方法為代理理論。為充份瞭解本研究所提出的問題，本研究首先深入探討我國現行的承銷制度，並依據相關研究理論與結果探究我國目前的承銷問題，其間對於公開揭露體系應有資訊內容之探討，係以理性預期均衡理論為依據。本研究以為無論係現制下的承銷制度或擬議中之競價拍賣制，其主要問題在於公開揭露體系的格式與內容不妥善。其次，我國股市中財務資訊（包括所有公開揭露資訊）的使用效率亦不高。在如許環境下，不知情投資者往往需要支付可觀的市場逆選擇機會成本。 　　本研究假設承銷商為代理人，發行公司為主理人，亟按雙方於通過上市審查後利害衝突之代理關係，分析我國新上市承銷制度中公開揭露體系之最適管制體系。首先以代理理論求得承銷獎酬契約之柏拉圖最適解，並以此結果為基礎，探討因道德危險所產生的次佳解，亦即，在代理人有道德危險的可能性下，最適承銷獎酬契約之特徵方程式。最後則利用充份統計量的概念證明，在次佳解下，代理契約若能增加額外資訊，可降低道德危險的機會成本。也就是在主理人或代理人一方之預期效用維持不變的情況下，相對的另一方其預期效用不會因而變差（會變好）。據此，在代理契約中增加額外資訊，對契約的結果係有價值的。本研究以為，承銷代理契約的設計亦應包括有價值額外資訊之設計，是項有價值額外資訊，本研究定義為承銷商制定承銷價的基礎與所使用之資訊。 　　是以，承銷商制定承銷價的基礎與所使用之資訊應公開披露於公開說明書，是種資訊因直接與投資者之利益相關，所以投資者較有動機使用是種資訊以從事新上市股票申購的決策並據以為上市後買賣決策之基礎。因此，是種資訊不但與股價決策攸關，且可增加新上市股票市場中之資訊使用效率。

鑑於我國現行承銷制度下新上市股票上市後的股價行為異於尋常（如蜜月期的問題），故本研究的目的在於以理性預期均衡理論及其他相關理論來探討新上市股票股價的問題，進而由理論中對資訊與股價之關係的推論來評議我國目前新上市股票承銷制度及股市的資訊環境。 　　新上市股票最重要的經濟特質在於上市前鮮為人知，其公司原始股東與上市後潛在股東間存在一個嚴重的資訊不對稱問題，證管會特以公開說明書為工具，藉此公開公司原始舊股東所持有之優越資訊，以解決此種資訊不對稱的情況。就理論上而言，一個合理的承銷制度應能令投資者「所付等於所值」，其上市後的第一個均衡價應等於承銷價，且其上市後的股價行為應與相關資訊呈系統化的關係。然而從實證的資料與分析結果顯示，我國新上市股票股價行為（包括承銷價）具異常性，根據理性預期均衡理論，這種異常股價行為歸因於股價與公開說明書上的財務資訊不具系統化的關係，亦即投資者間異質性的預期、投資者的變現性需求、及財務資訊之收集、分析與解釋成本過高（就個別投資人而言）所致的雜訊主導了這種異常的股價行為，故可謂目前的新上市股票承銷制度功能不彰，其合理性仍嫌不足。 　　現行新上市股票承銷制度下係規範公開說明書的財務報表需經會計師簽證，而其他資訊則需由承銷商以盡專業注意的方式來確認資訊之公開與忠實表達，若有不實表達處再課以法律責任。本研究以為這種資訊不對稱的解決設計，其運作之良窳尚有賴資訊環境的配合，故擬發展「資訊環境理論」，以說明強化財務資訊收集、分析與解釋的功能，或降低個別投資人對此類資訊的搜尋成本，可因而降低投資者異質性預期與變現性需求所產生的雜訊。其次本研究以為，為使公開財務資訊具品質保證與齊一性，並促使財務資訊環境更能有效運作，除可賦予法律責任外，藉由自律規範對承銷商之專業注意力與職業道德加以規範已屬必要。據此，更發展了「最低承銷品質理論」，透過此二理論的發展，以強化目前承銷制度的功能。

<p>IPO underpricing is a phenomenon found in all markets worldwide. Investors are always looking for a good opportunity of short-term abnormal positive returns, and the IPOs first-day trading returns have been a good investment strategy for both institutional and private investors in all markets of the world.</p><p>This study consists at an investor’s perspective analysis of the first-day returns of 59 IPOs listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange Market from January 2004 to April 2007, where I have found a significantly mean positive underpricing of 6,60%.</p><p>I have found also some evidences of a sprouting “hot-market” period in Brazil, since the number of the IPOs in Brazil has been growing almost in an exponential speed, taking advantage of the constant growing cash inflow and liquidity of the Brazilian market, followed by the high evaluation of the Ibovespa Index, with return of 140% on the study time frame.</p><p>When categorizing the study by year, by underwriter (investment bank) and by market segment, I always have found positive adjusted initial returns, which corroborates the fact that underpricing is a constant phenomenon in the Brazilian market.</p><p>Other important facts that were identified in this study is that the average returns of the IPOs are decreasing along the years and that companies that depend to a large extent on their human capital and are in the business areas that are staff intensive have a high level of underpricing while companies that have a high level of fixed assets have a low level of underpricing.</p><p>Finally, after performing a multivariate linear regression analysis with the chosen independent variables on the full sample and some categorized samples, the results did not have enough statistical significance and consistence that could make them useful to create a statistical model to explain the underpricing level of Brazilian IPOs between January 2004 and April 2007.</p>

The effect of chamber length and Reynolds number on the stability and behavior of the flow field generated by a precessing jet nozzle was studied using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (StereoPIV). An algorithm was developed to determine the mode of the flow based on the distribution of axial velocity. The optimal chamber length for precession to occur was found to be between 2 and 2.75 chamber-diameters. There is no precession at a chamber length of one diameter, and the occurrence of precession was found to be strongly related to Reynolds number. Conditionally averaged velocity distributions for the flow in precessing mode were calculated. The effect of initial condition on downstream behavior of axisymmetric jets was examined. Variations in spread and decay rates were found for jets issuing from different nozzles. Self-similar solutions for axisymmetric jets are therefore not universal, and are instead dependent upon initial conditions at the source.