La compréhension de la façon dont le touriste utilise les formats de communication dans un environnement dynamique constitue un élément nécessaire pour la prise de décision managériale. Plusieurs travaux se sont penchés sur l'attitude du consommateur à l'égard de l'annonce en ligne, mais rares sont ceux qui l'ont abordée dans le secteur touristique. Le but principal de cette recherche est d'identifier les déterminants et les conséquences de l'attitude du touriste à l'égard de la bannière touristique en ligne et leurs relations liées. Nous élaborons un modèle novateur qui met en relief l'attitude mentionnée précédemment selon la vision de la persuasion publicitaire à travers la trilogie des variables de l'attention,de la compréhension et de la rétention. Pour tester empiriquement ce modèle, nous avons opté pour une enquête quantitative réalisée au moyen d'un questionnaire en ligne. La taille de notre échantillon est de 960 répondants répartis en 32 groupes égaux. Les résultats montrent quatre variables déterminantes (caractère informatif, divertissement, crédibilité, irritation) et deux autres conséquentes (attitude à l'égard de l'offre, intention d'achat). Ces derniers déterminants agissent significativement sur l'attitude du touriste à l'égard de la bannière touristique en ligne en deux directions : attention rétention-attitude ; attention-compréhension-rétention-attitude. De même, les perceptions de la crédibilité et de l'irritation agissent directement sur la même attitude, en plus de leur impact indirect sur celle-ci. En outre, cette dernière attitude agit directement sur l'attitude à l'égard de l'offre et indirectement sur l'intention d'achat. D'un point de vue théorique, cette recherche permet d'identifier les déterminants et les conséquences de l'attitude à l'égard de la bannière publicitaire dans un contexte d'e-tourisme, et contribue par conséquent à enrichir la compréhension de cette attitude. D'un point de vue managérial, ce travail permettra aux annonceurs d'obtenir des réponses aux différentes questions liées au design de leurs bannières touristiques en ligne, afin d'influencer et d'optimiser les attitudes à l'égard de celles-ci. / Understanding how the tourist uses communication formats in a dynamic environment is a necessary element for managerial decision-making. Several studies have examined the attitude of consumer towards online advertising, but few have addressed it in the tourism sector. The main objective of this research is to identify the determinants and consequences of the attitude of tourist towards online touristic banner and their related relationships. We are developing an innovative model that highlights the above-mentioned attitude according to the vision of advertising persuasion through the trilogy of variables of attention, comprehension and retention. To empirically test this model, we opted for a quantitative survey carried out by means of an online questionnaire. Our sample size is 960 respondents divided into 32 equal groups.The results show four determinants (informative character, entertainment, credibility, irritation) and two consequences (attitude towards offer, intention to purchase). These latter determinants have a significant effect on the attitude of tourist towards online touristic banner in two directions: attention- retention- attitude; attention- comprehension- retention attitude. Similarly, beliefs of credibility and irritation also act directly on the same attitude, along side their indirect impact on it. Moreover, the latter attitude acts directly on attitude towards offer and indirectly on intention to purchase. From a theoretical point of view, this research makes it possible to identify the determinants and consequences of the attitude towards advertising banner in an e-tourism context, and thus contributes to enrich the understanding of this attitude. From a managerial point of view, this work will allow advertisers to get answers to the various questions related to the design of their online touristic banners, in order to influence and optimize the attitudes towards these banners.

The field of research study is Swedish SMEs that belong to plastic industry. In the time ofglobalization and high competition on the global market, the issues of innovationimplementation and processes that can increase effectiveness of innovative activities are oftendiscussed. The issue is essentially important for small and medium businesses, which due totheir size and specifications are more flexible and can easily implement innovations. Due tothe fact, that Swedish market is filled with small and medium enterprises and innovativeactivities are among the most current and attractive for discussion, the research on the matterof innovation is seen as important contribution and necessary study for the modern market.The study focuses on importance of communicative processes between managers andemployees on the matter of innovation and innovative activities. The general researchquestion focuses on studying whether managers and employees can influence innovations andinnovative activities through communication. The research focuses on studying SwedishSMEs, on the case of plastic industry. SMEs in Sweden are well known for innovativeactivities, however, the research attempts to discover whether such activities are effective andwhether communication between managers and employees “makes or breaks innovativeecosystem” (Estrin, 2009). The motivation behind this research is to find how communicativeactivities in Swedish SMEs influence innovative processes and find whether managers andemployees can influence effectively innovations through communication for the benefit of theorganization.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T14:23:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renata Teixeira Pfrimer - 2018.pdf: 2774832 bytes, checksum: f22757e6b9629b380e74ba4c8a8782ad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-02T14:39:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renata Teixeira Pfrimer - 2018.pdf: 2774832 bytes, checksum: f22757e6b9629b380e74ba4c8a8782ad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T14:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renata Teixeira Pfrimer - 2018.pdf: 2774832 bytes, checksum: f22757e6b9629b380e74ba4c8a8782ad (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Sustainable development has been the transformative purpose of Agenda 2030, implemented by all UN member countries. In order to prevent malnutrition and to use sustainable production and adequate management to protect the planet from degradation, there are opportunities for the development of innovative products. The objective of this study was to develop different formulations of fermented dairy beverage supplemented with buttermilk and flavored with cagaita pulp (Eugenia dysenterica), evaluating its physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial acceptance characteristics. Seven formulations were prepared with different concentrations of milk, whey/buttermilk mixture and cagaita pulp, determined through the simplex centroid design. The formulations were fermented with traditional mixed milk culture composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The physico-chemical analyzes reported for the raw material and for the formulations were: pH, acidity, moisture content, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrates and total energy value. Microbiological analyzes carried out on the formulations were: MPN of Coliforms at 35 ° C, MPN of Coliforms at 45 ° C and Salmonella sp. In the formulations counts of lactic acid bacteria and mold and yeast were determined weekly to determine shelf life. Except formulations F3 and F6, the other formulations showed lactic acid bacteria counts, for fourteen days refrigerated storage, within the standard established by brazilian legislation (6 log10CFU/mL). All fermented dairy drinks presented physical and chemical characteristics within the standards established by brazilian legislation. The whey/buttermilk mixture of the B processing had a higher acidity and a lower pH value in relation to the A and C processing, resulting in the formation of lumps in the formulations F4 and F7 that were manufactured in this processing. The formulations that presented higher milk concentrations were the formulations with lower syneresis and higher sensory scores regarding appearance and consistency. The results indicate that the most cost-benefit formulation is F2, which presents high concentration of co-products, low concentration of pulp and thus a low cost for its manufacture. In addition, he obtained high marks in the attributes oriented in the sensorial analysis and purchase intention. / O desenvolvimento sustentável têm sido o propósito transformador da Agenda 2030, implementada por todos os Países-membros da ONU. Com o intuito de prevenir a má nutrição e utilizar uma produção sustentável e gestão adequada para proteger o planeta da degradação, surgem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de produtos inovadores. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se desenvolver diferentes formulações de bebida láctea fermentada acrescida de leitelho e saborizada com polpa de cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), avaliando as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e aceitação sensorial. Foram elaboradas sete formulações com diferentes concentrações de leite, mistura soro/leitelho e polpa de cagaita, determinadas através do delineamento simplex centroide. As formulações foram fermentadas com cultura mista láctea tradicional composta por Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus. As análises físico-químicas da matéria-prima e das formulações foram: pH, acidez, teor de umidade, cinzas, proteína, lipídios, carboidratos e valor energético total. As análises microbiológicas realizadas nas formulações, foram: NMP de Coliformes a 35 °C, NMP de Coliformes a 45 °C e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. Nas formulações foram realizadas, semanalmente, contagens de bactérias ácido lácticas e de bolores e leveduras para determinar a vida útil. Com exceção das formulações F3 e F6, as outras formulações apresentaram contagens de bactérias ácido lácticas, durante quatorze dias de armazenamento refrigerado, dentro do padrão estabelecido pela legislação (6 log10UFC/mL). Todas as bebidas lácteas fermentadas apresentaram características físico-químicas dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação. A mistura soro/leitelho do processamento B apresentou maior acidez e menor valor de pH em relação aos processamentos A e C, resultando na formação de grumos nas formulações F4 e F7 que foram fabricadas nesse processamento. As formulações que apresentaram maiores concentrações de leite, foram as formulações com menor sinérese e maiores notas em relação à aparência e consistência. Os resultados indicam que a formulação com melhor custo-benefício é a F2 que apresenta alta concentração de co-produtos, baixa concentração de polpa e assim, um custo reduzido para a fabricação. Além disso, obteve altas notas nos atributos avaliados na análise sensorial e intenção de compra.

Em 1948, a cidade de Ribeirão Preto foi contemplada com uma faculdade de medicina, a Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), cujas primeiras aulas foram ministradas em maio de 1952. Desde sempre, essa faculdade se dedicou à pesquisa e à formação pós-graduada, no entanto, a formação oferecida durante o ensino médico de graduação nunca deixou de ser uma preocupação constante. Mesmo tendo sofrido uma extensa reforma curricular, aprovada em 1992, implantada em 1993 e completada em 1998, o curso de ciências médicas da FMRP sofreu, após a aprovação das novas diretrizes curriculares nacionais para cursos de medicina, em 2001, uma revisão curricular, aprovada, em 2007, e implementada, em 2008, que determinou o desenvolvimento de atividades de forma articulada ao longo dos anos pela introdução de eixos longitudinais de formação. A Atenção à Saúde da Comunidade I ou, simplesmente, ASCI, foi a primeira disciplina do eixo Atenção à Saúde da Família e da Comunidade. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma avaliação discente da disciplina ASCI, em seu primeiro ano de inclusão na grade curricular, identificando o que deveria permanecer, o que requereria aperfeiçoamento e o que deveria ser abandonado, obtendo, ainda, sugestões que permitissem introduzir, nos próximos anos, mudanças que aumentassem a efetividade do processo ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes. Considerando a complexidade do objeto a ser estudado, uma abordagem metodológica quantitativaqualitativa que permitisse tanto a identificação de indicadores e tendências quantificáveis quanto de percepções e sugestões, foi adotada. A população de estudo escolhida foi: todos os estudantes do curso de ciências médicas da FMRP matriculados na disciplina ASCI, no ano de 2008, totalizando 103 indivíduos. Optouse pela construção de um instrumento de coleta de dados específico para essa pesquisa composto por: um questionário estruturado auto-aplicável capaz de caracterizar a população e quantificar as percepções discentes sobre cada variável estudada, uma questão não estruturada, destinada a captar evidências sobre a construção de um novo conhecimento a respeito da promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças em uma comunidade, e um espaço para comentários e sugestões sobre a disciplina. Para a etapa quantitativa do estudo, foram escolhidas 9 como variáveis as características da disciplina: objetivo, metodologia de ensinoaprendizagem, conteúdos, diversificação de cenários, aprendizagem por meio de vivências, interação com a comunidade, tutoria, divisão em pequenos grupos, discussões em grupo, comunicação mediada por computador, metodologias de avaliação e carga horária. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os dias 24 de novembro e 02 de dezembro de 2008. Os resultados quantitativos obtidos apontaram altos índices de aprovação discente à disciplina e os qualitativos, a construção de uma percepção discente adequada aos objetivos educacionais da disciplina incluindo a modificação do conceito sobre saúde e a aproximação entre discentes e seu futuro objeto de trabalho. Além disso, a população estudada demonstrou grande preocupação em contribuir para que a disciplina se tornasse, durante os próximos anos, ainda mais efetiva no cumprimento de seu objetivo educacional. / In 1948, the town of Ribeirão Preto was benefit by a faculty of medicine, the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), whose first classes were taught on May, 1952. Historically, this faculty has been focused in research and postgraduation training, however, the training offered during the medical graduation has always been a frequent concern. Even after an extensive curricular reforming, which was approved in 1992, introduced in 1993 and completed in 1998, the FMRP Medical Sciences Course passed through a curricular revision; that happened in consequence of the approval of the new national curriculum guidelines for courses in medicine in 2001, agreed in 2007, and implemented in 2008, which determined the articulated activities development over the years by the introduction of longitudinal axes of training. The Atenção à Saúde da Comunidade I (Attention to the Communitys Health I) or, simply, ASCI, was the first subject from the axis Atenção à Saúde da Família e da Comunidade (Attention to Family and Communitys Health). This study aims to perform a students assessment of the subject ASCI in its first year of curricular inclusion, identifying what should remain, what should be improved and what should be forsaken, obtaining, yet, suggestions that would permit to introduce, in the years to come, changes that would increase the students teaching and learning process effectiveness. Considering the complexity of the object to be studied, a quantitative and qualitative approach, that would allow even the identification of indicators and quantifying trends or perceptions and suggestions, was adopted. The chosen population for this study was: all the FMRP Medical Sciences course students enrolled in the subject ASCI, in the year of 2008, adding up 103 people. It was chosen for this research the construction of a specific data collection instrument composed by: a self applicable structured questionnaire that was able to characterize the population and quantify the students perceptions about each variable studied; a non-structured question, designated to absorb evidence about the construction of a new knowledge area concerning the health promotion and prevention of illnesses in a community; and a space for comments and suggestions about the subject. For the quantitative step of this study, were chosen as variables these subjects features: objective, teaching and learning methods, contents, scenery 11 diversification, learning through experience, interacting with the community, mentoring, working in small groups, group discussions, computer mediated communication, assessment methods and working hours. The data collection occurred between the days November 24th and December 2nd, 2008. The obtained quantitative results reveal high approval rates of the students in the subject and the qualitative demonstrated the students construction of a perception that corresponds to the educational aims of the subject, including the change in their concept about health and the approximation between them and their future work object. Besides, the studied population demonstrated a big concern in contributing so the subject would became, over the years, even more effective as fulfilling its educational goals.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Marcelo2.pdf: 975150 bytes, checksum: cba025c02af25f1a79bc983663dab5af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Innovative High School Program (ProEMI), created by the government by means of the Ministry of Education, presents a proposal which might modify the current educational scenario. Instituted in 2009, it aims to support and develop transforming curricular proposals in Brazilian schools which have regular high school classes. By means of the pursuit of overcoming the inequality, and the improvement of the educational opportunities, the Program indicates the necessity of universalizing the access and permanence of the teenagers between 15 and 17 years old in this modality. In order to achieve this, a significant learning offer and the recognition of the dialogue with several cultures are elements that take priority in the referred program. By ensuring the access, the curricular flexibility proposed in the ProEMI has the intention of attending to these desires, preparing the adolescent both for their enrollment at higher education and for the job market. The ProEMI aims to achieve the curricular integration as a possibility of change. Thus, as the focus of this dissertation, we analyzed the major concepts that the ProEMI proposes for High School, in which we attempted to answer whether the curricular flexibility proposed provides possibilities for some changes in this learning modality, in such a way as to understand how the changes will be introduced, as well as which alterations will be provided for the teacher s professional profile and for their teaching. Therefore, it was intended to apprehend the limits and possibilities of this Program to the formation of a new High School. It was also an interest to discuss aspects related to the process of educational innovation in geography teaching, in order to observe how the Program implicates in geography teaching, and what changes are made in the teachers profile. / O Programa Nacional do Ensino Médio Inovador (ProEMI) criado pelo Governo Federal, por meio do Ministério da Educação, apresenta uma proposta que pode modificar o cenário educacional vigente. Instituído em 2009, tem como objetivo apoiar e desenvolver propostas curriculares transformadoras em escolas de Ensino Médio regular no Brasil. Por meio da busca pela superação das desigualdades e pela ampliação das oportunidades educacionais, o Programa indica a necessidade de universalizar o acesso e a permanência dos adolescentes entre 15 e 17 anos nesta modalidade. Para isto, a oferta de uma aprendizagem significativa e o reconhecimento da interlocução com várias culturas são elementos prioritários no referido programa. Ao garantir o acesso, a flexibilização curricular proposta pelo ProEMI intenta atender a estes anseios, de modo a preparar o jovem tanto para o ingresso ao Ensino Superior quanto para o mercado de trabalho brasileiro. O ProEMI procura realizar a integração curricular como possibilidade de mudança. Neste sentido como enfoque desta dissertação, analisamos os principais conceitos que o ProEMI propõe ao ensino médio, no qual buscamos responder se a flexibilização curricular proposta, cria possibilidades de alterações nesta modalidade de ensino, de modo a entender como serão operacionalizadas as mudanças e quais alterações serão providas no perfil profissional do professor e na sua ação de ensinar. Deste modo pretendeu-se apreender os limites e possibilidades deste Programa na conformação de um novo Ensino Médio. Também foi de interesse discutir aspectos relacionados ao processo de inovação educacional no ensino de Geografia, a fim de verificar quais as implicações do Programa no ensino de Geografia e quais as mudanças no perfil docente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:

Drivers for sustainability have made it necessary for the construction industry to adapt its traditional processes to become both more efficient and produce less waste. Performance based design and specification in the UK for motorways and trunk roads permits a very flexible approach to pavement design, material selection and performance related testing aimed at utilising materials to their maximum potential. However, it is clear that within the emerging philosophy of using materials that are 'fit for purpose' there are many technical challenges for design and specification. There is a need to develop suitable methods of evaluating materials prior to their being used on site. This project was born out of this requirement, with a particular emphasis on coarse granular materials due to their common role in capping construction and also their unique difficulty for measurement under laboratory conditions due to their large range of particle size. A novel assessment test for coarse capping materials for roads that can be used to indicate their likely short-term in situ performance, under controlled laboratory conditions before construction on site, has been developed during this research programme. Key findings relating to the behaviour of coarse capping materials, the use of stiffness measuring devices and variables that influence the measurement of composite stiffness are discussed in detail. The research highlights the necessity for adequate drainage and protection of foundation materials against increase in water content. When adopting a performance specification the timing of the pavement assessment is critical, both on site and in the laboratory. The performance measured on site should perhaps only be considered as a 'snapshot' relating to the stress state in the material at the time of testing.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-28T13:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Luís de Vasconcellos_.pdf: 1134005 bytes, checksum: 78155a4aea372344a4600c9d07d1857d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T13:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sílvio Luís de Vasconcellos_.pdf: 1134005 bytes, checksum: 78155a4aea372344a4600c9d07d1857d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo investiga o papel direto da criatividade organizacional - como um recurso de alto nível - durante o envolvimento internacional, bem como propõe que a criatividade organizacional nutre tanto a capacidade inovadora quanto a empreendedora como mediadoras para o envolvimento internacional da firma. Em um sentido objetivo, a capacidade inovadora medeia essa relação, uma vez que criatividade promove a inovação. Em um sentido subjetivo, é a capacidade empreendedora que exerce esse papel, oferecendo alternativas para resolver problemas quando a firma enfrenta a incerteza inerente à arena internacional. A investigação empírica ocorreu em firmas pertencentes à indústria audiovisual brasileira, resultando em 78 respostas válidas. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório-descritivo construído em duas fases principais: em primeiro lugar, uma fase exploratória investigou não só a literatura, mas também o ambiente empírico por meio de entrevistas com especialistas visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o campo. Em segundo lugar, uma fase descritiva avaliou o ambiente por uma abordagem quantitativa baseada em uma survey. A técnica de análise utilizada foi a análise de regressão. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses desenvolvidas nesta pesquisa. Os resultados sugerem que há uma relação direta entre a criatividade organizacional com o envolvimento internacional. Além disso, evidenciou que a relação entre criatividade organizacional com o envolvimento internacional da empresa se intensifica, quando as capacidades inovadora e a empreendedora medeiam essa relação. As limitações deste estudo refletem sua singularidade. Além de investigar um tema subjetivo, a pesquisa abrangeu apenas um setor da economia criativa em apenas um país, o Brasil. Este estudo tem implicações em várias esferas, como organizacionais, industriais e governamentais. A originalidade deste estudo engloba não só uma explanação sobre o papel da criatividade organizacional no envolvimento internacional das empresas que se fazem parte da economia criativa, mas também contribui para ampliar e tomar em conjunto abordagens teóricas sobre criatividade, inovação, empreendedorismo e internacionalização, ao nível organizacional de investigação. / This study investigates the direct role of organizational creativity - as a leading resource - during the international involvement as well as proposes that organizational creativity nurtures both innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities as mediators for the international involvement of the firm. In an objective sense, the innovative capability mediates such relationship once creativity nurtures innovation. In a subjective sense, entrepreneurial capability intermediates this relationship while offering alternatives to solve problems when the firm faces the uncertainty inherent in the international arena. The empirical investigation took place in firms embedded in the Brazilian audiovisual industry, resulting in 78 valid responses. This research is an exploratory-descriptive study built in two main stages: Firstly, an exploratory stage investigated not only the literature but also the environment using interviews with experts to enlarge knowledge about the field. Secondly, a descriptive stage evaluated the field by a quantitative approach based on a survey. The analysis technique applied was regression analysis. Results confirmed the hypotheses designed in this research. We found evidence that there is a direct relationship between organizational creativity with international involvement. Moreover, it was evident that the relationship between organizational creativity with the international involvement intensifies when innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities mediate this relationship. Limitations of this study reflect its singularity. Besides investigating a subjective theme, the research covered just one industry of creative economy in just one country, Brazil. The study has implications in several spheres, such as theoretical, organizational, industrial, and public policies. The originality of this study encompasses not only an explanation of the role of organizational creativity in the international involvement of firms engaged in the creative economy, but also contributes to enlarge and take together theoretical approaches about creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and internationalization, at the organizational level of investigation.

Le fond de notre travail de recherche croise les apports conceptuels de l’approche milieux innovateurs et les réalités des espaces ruraux fragiles, en particulier ceux de montagne. Nous avons fait le choix d’aborder la thématique de l’innovation dans des milieux à priori peu communs à ce type de démarche. Cependant, nous avons montré qu’il est tout à fait possible et même nécessaire de s’intéresser à la capacité des milieux ruraux fragiles à sécréter des processus innovateurs, seul moyen d’adaptation à la mondialisation.Notre première hypothèse a porté sur les dynamiques de construction territoriale en cours. Une hypothèse confirmée par l’émergence de nouveaux territoires en France, à travers la mise en place des Massifs, en Italie, via les communautés de montagne et en Europe enfin, avec les conventions alpine, carpatique et balkanique. Le phénomène étant identifié, la recherche a porté plus précisément sur les mécanismes à l’origine de cette construction. Nos enquêtes auprès des acteurs clefs ont mis en évidence deux principaux facteurs : une forte coordination des acteurs et une mobilisation autour de la valorisation des ressources spécifiques des montagnes. C’est en définitive la présence de ce que nous appelons un effet milieu innovateur qui est à l’origine de ce processus d’émergence des montagnes en Europe. En nous situant dans l’approche milieux innovateurs, nous avons cherché à évaluer la fragilité/dynamique spatiale en fonction des capacités des acteurs à agir, du degré de valorisation des ressources et des handicaps physiques. Pour cela, quinze indicateurs ont été calculés pour tenir compte des différents axes. Nos résultats sont concluants avec des axes factoriels qui correspondent à nos trois thématiques, une répartition des communautés de communes le long de l’A75 et des dèmes le long de la Via Egnatia, correspondant à nos attentes, à savoir, très complexe et diverse. De nombreuses municipalités de montagne affichent ainsi un dynamisme remarquable contrairement à ce que l’on pouvait attendre.Le contexte de la recherche, deux espaces fragiles de montagne relativement isolés, le Massif central en France, l’Epire et la Macédoine occidentale en Grèce, ainsi que les multiples entretiens réalisés avec les élus, nous ont orienté à mettre au centre de notre problématique milieux fragiles/milieux innovateurs, l’accessibilité. Une revue de la littérature sur la relation autoroute et territoire permet de se rendre compte de la quasi absence des acteurs et du milieu des méthodes d’évaluation. La remise en cause des méthodes classiques nous a permis de proposer une approche mobilisant la notion de milieu innovateur au cœur même de la relation autoroute/développement. Les résultats d’enquêtes montrent des perceptions favorables mais très contrastées en fonction des territoires, une faible appropriation des deux axes autoroutiers et trois logiques de mise en ressources de l’A75 et de la Via Egnatia : une logique de milieux locaux dynamiques et innovateurs, une logique de réseaux innovateurs et une logique de politiques d’accompagnement. Les similitudes dans les modes d’actions entre le cas de l’A75 et de la Via Egnatia cachent en réalité des différences profondes qui expliquent la dynamique plus forte engagée dans le Massif central comparativement au nord de l’Hellade. Les initiatives de valorisation s’avèrent en effet plus importantes le long des territoires de l’A75. Cela est lié d’abord à l’implication plus forte de l’État mais aussi à une meilleure structuration des acteurs régionaux et locaux. / The background of our research crosses conceptual contributions of the innovative milieus approach and the realities of fragile rural areas, especially the mountains. We have chosen to address the theme of innovation in milieus a priori unhabituel for this type of approach. However, we have shown that it is quite possible and even necessary to examine the ability of vulnerable rural areas to secrete innovative processes, the only way to adapt to globalization.Our first hypothesis focused on the dynamics of territorial construction in progress. A hypothesis supported by the emergence of new territories in France, through the implementation of Massifs, in Italy, via mountain communities and finally in Europe, with the Alpine, Carpathian and Balkan conventions. The phenomenon is identified, research has focused specifically on the mechanisms behind this construction. Our surveys of key actors have highlighted two main factors: a strong coordination and mobilization of actors around the valuation of specific resources of the mountains. Ultimately, it is the presence of what we call an innovative milieus effect which is at the origin of the process of emergence of mountains in Europe. Placing ourselves in the innovative milieus approach, we sought to assess the spatial fragility / dynamics depending on the capacity of actors to act, the degree of resource development and physical disabilities. To do this, fifteen indicators were calculated to reflect the different axes. Our results are conclusive with factorial axes that correspond to our three themes, a distribution of municipalities along the A75 and the demes along the Via Egnatia, which corresponds to our expectations, ie, very complex and diverse. Many mountain municipalities show a remarkable dynamism contrary to what one might expect.The context of the research, two fragile mountain areas relatively isolated, the Massif Central in France, Epirus and Western Macedonia in Greece, as well as multiple interviews with officials elected, driven us to put accessibility in the center of our problematic of fragile milieus / innovative milieus. A review of the literature on the relationship highway and territories let us to realize the absence of the study on the rôle of actors and milieus in the assessment methods. Questioning conventional methods allowed us to propose an approach leveraging the concept of the innovative milieu in the heart of the relationship highway / development. The survey results show very favorable but contrasting perceptions depends on territories, low ownership of both highways and three logic of implémentation of the A75 and the Via Egnatia: a logic of dynamic and innovative local milieus, a logic innovative networks and a logic of accompanying policies. Similarities in the modes of action between the case of the A75 and the Via Egnatia in reality hide profound differences that explain the highest dynamics involved in the Massif Central compared to the north of Hellas. The initiatives are proving indeed larger along the territories crossed by the A75. This is related first to the greater involvement of the state but also to a better structuring of regional and local actors.

Le bâti traditionnel dans le bassin méditerranéen, avec son riche parcours historique, reflète les nécessités socioculturelles pour lesquelles il a été construit. Les besoins environnementaux interagissent et se superposent en déterminant, en milieu urbain, des solutions typologiques et constructives récurrentes. Les solutions architecturales du bâtiment historique méditerranéen présentent des qualités formelles, structurelles et fonctionnelles remarquables et, grâce à la capacité d'adaptation au contexte climatique local, elles garantissent également un bon niveau de confort environnemental interne. De nos jours, la nécessité de réduire les consommations d’énergie dans le domaine de la construction entraîne le développement de la recherche vers des solutions innovantes qui combinent l’expérimentation sur les nouveaux matériaux et technologies, et la réappropriation des connaissances et des principes de construction de l’architecture « traditionnelle » en milieu dense. Porté par ces thématiques, étendues aux interactions entre les éléments du bâti et l’ensemble des facteurs qui participent à la détermination du confort intérieur des usagers dans les bâtiments traditionnels en région méditerranéenne, notre questionnement de base est parti des interrogations suivantes : pouvons-nous récupérer des savoir-faire techniques perdus ou oubliés pour répondre aux problématiques actuelles de réduction de consommation énergétique des bâtiments ? Comment réinterpréter certains aspects caractéristiques des bâtiments traditionnels avec les technologies et matériaux contemporains ? Quels outils de conception sont à mettre en place? Nous voulions ainsi reconstruire un modèle d'architecture traditionnelle en se concentrant sur une ville en particulier, Palerme, pour sa capacité à illustrer, à travers ses phases historiques, l'évolution d'une métropole méditerranéenne; sur tous les sous-systèmes (ville, bâtiment, composant constructif), nous retrouvons l’idée de transmission, avec des qualités implicites de permanence, d’héritage, de répétition et de durabilité. Ce choix nous permet, également, de cerner notre champ de recherche sans se perdre dans la multitude de variables possibles. En s’appuyant sur des recherches scientifiques actuelles et passées, et sur des calculs numériques réalisés, nous essaierons d’évaluer les performances énergétiques de cette architecture qui est souvent considérée comme une forme empirique d’architecture « bioclimatique ».La connaissance du comportement thermique de ce bâti représente une phase préparatoire fondamentale afin de proposer des outils de conception pour la modélisation et l’évaluation thermique de systèmes technologiques innovants, capables de réinterpréter certains aspects de l’architecture traditionnelle avec la mise en place de matériaux ou techniques contemporains / With its rich history, the traditional building in the Mediterranean Basin reflects the socio-cultural needs for which it was built: environmental needs interact and overlap, determining cyclic typological and constructive solutions in urban areas. The architectural solutions of the historic Mediterranean building have remarkable formal, structural and functional qualities and, thanks to their ability to adapt to the local climate context, they also guarantee a good level of internal environmental comfort. The need to reduce energy consumption in the construction field leads today towards the research of innovative solutions that combine experimentation on new materials and technologies and the re-appropriation of knowledge and principles of ‘traditional’ architecture in a dense environment.Moving from these considerations, and taking into account the interactions between the elements of the frame and all the factors involved in determining the internal user’s comfort in traditional buildings in the Mediterranean Region, we asked the following questions: can we recover lost or forgotten technical know-how to answer the current problems of reduction of buildings energy consumption? How to reinterpret certain peculiar aspects of traditional buildings with contemporary technologies and materials? What design tools are needed? We wanted to reconstruct a model of traditional architecture by focusing on a particular city, Palermo, due to its ability to illustrate the evolution of a Mediterranean metropolis through its historical phases; in all subsystems - city, building, component - we find the idea of transmission with implicit qualities of permanence, inheritance, repetition and durability. This choice also allows us to define our field of research without getting lost in the multitude of possible variables. Based on past and current scientific research, along with numerical calculations, we will try to evaluate the energy performance of this architecture, often considered as an empirical form of ‘bioclimatic’ architecture.The knowledge of the thermal behaviour of this building represents a pivotal preparatory phase in order to propose design tools for the modelling and thermal evaluation of innovative technological systems, capable of reinterpreting certain aspects of traditional architecture with the introduction of materials or contemporary techniques

<p>This report presents the primary development process of an innovative milk foamer. The project is structured as the primary development process that is used at Electrolux Floor Care and Small Appliances AB, Global Primary Development and Innovation department in Stockholm, Sweden. The aim was to develop a milk foamer with innovative solutions to provide Electrolux with a unique product. The objective was to create a product that highly meets customer requirements and in the same time is feasible to develop into a selling product. All the aspects regarding a consumer product had to be considered. To create innovative solutions thorough investigations of the physics behind foaming and foam are studied and documented. The difference in foam quality when using different ways of foaming is documented and possible explanations is discussed. The primary development process range from pre-study and customer research to designing prototypes and verifications. Most of the report deals with standalone solutions but there is also a part of the report that deals with integrated solutions and cooperating solutions that would be used together with espresso machines. The result is a variety of concepts and four fully working standalone prototypes. Two prototypes are further developed and are highly interesting to Electrolux.</p>