The present investigation develops the notion of sociality based on Emmanuel Levinas’s thought, and proposes an understanding of sociality that resists becoming a common foundation: an un-common sociality which interrupts the reciprocal shared common, and thereby, paradoxically, makes it possible. By engaging in the larger debate on community, this work gives voice to Levinas on the question of community without a common ground, a topic and a debate where he has previously been underestimated. In this way, the aim is to reveal new directions opened up by Levinas’s philosophy in order to think an un-common sociality.

L'élévation de la concentration du calcium (Ca2+) cytosolique est responsable de l’activation plaquettaire. Cette élévation est due à l'entrée du Ca2+ à partir du milieu extérieur (influx) ou sa translocation (mobilisation) dans le cytosol depuis ses réserves internes. Les SERCAs (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPases) pompent le Ca2+ depuis le cytosol vers les réserves internes, maintenant le Ca2+ cytosolique bas (100 nM) et les plaquettes au repos. D'autre part elles assurent une concentration calcique élevée (≥1 mM) dans les réserves calciques permettant sa mobilisation, et enfin modulent l'intensité et la forme du signal calcique lors de l'activation. Mais les rôles respectifs des SERCAs plaquettaires, SERCA2b et SERCA3, sont encore mal définis. D’où l’intérêt de mon projet qui a été de déterminer si SERCA3 avait un rôle fonctionnel précis et spécifique. Nous avons observé sur des souris SERCA3-/- un défaut de l'hémostase et s’accompagne d’une résistance à la thrombose dû à un déficit de sécrétion d'ADP, entrainant un défaut d'agrégation et d'adhérence. SERCA3 semble contrôler une voie de sécrétion initiale d'ADP capable d’agir en synergie avec une faible activation plaquettaire, aboutissant à un renforcement de la sécrétion et de l'agrégation. De plus, l’utilisation des inhibiteurs pharmacologiques spécifiques de SERCA2b (thapsigargine) ou SERCA3 (tBHQ), a montré que la sécrétion initiale d'ADP n'était pas dépendante de la mobilisation des réserves SERCA2b mais dépendait spécifiquement des réserves SERCA3. Nous avons retrouvé la même voie de sécrétion d'ADP dépendante de SERCA3 dans les plaquettes humaines. Nous avons en particulier montré par le suivi d'une cohorte de patientes atteintes d'obésité morbide, un déficit d'agrégation, une faible mobilisation calcique et un taux faible de SERCA3 plaquettaire, revenus à la normale après retour à un poids normal après chirurgie bariatrique. Surtout nous avons retrouvé, dans les plaquettes de ces patientes obèses, un défaut de sécrétion d'ADP associé au défaut de SERCA3. Il s'agit du premier défaut de SERCA3 plaquettaire lié à une pathologie humaine. Nous avons ensuite montré que la sécrétion initiale d'ADP était rapide (5 sec) et entièrement dépendante de SERCA3. A l'aide d'une sonde calcique fluorescente membranaire (FURA2-NearMem-AM), nous avons démontré l’existence d’une mobilisation calcique juxta-membranaire spécifique de SERCA3, indépendante de l'ADP, correspondant donc à une sécrétion primaire. Cette mobilisation SERCA3 s'est avérée indépendante d'IP3, mais dépendante du NAADP, qui mobilise spécifiquement les réserves SERCA3 et non SERCA2b. En conclusion, nous avons mis en évidence une nouvelle voie d'activation plaquettaire, indépendante de l'IP3 mais dépendante du NAADP qui libère le Ca2+ des stocks internes dépendants de SERCA3 et spécifiquement engagés dans la libération précoce d'ADP lors de l'activation plaquettaire. Ces données identifient de nouvelles cibles avec un intérêt thérapeutiques anti-thrombotiques potentiel. / The elevation of cytosolic calcium (Ca2 +) is responsible for platelet activation. This elevation is due to the entry of Ca2 + from the extracellular medium (influx) where its translocation (mobilization) into the cytosol from its Ca2+ stores. SERCAs (Sarco / EndoplasmicReticulumCa2 + ATPases) pump Ca2 + from the cytosol to the Ca2+ stores, maintaining low cytosolic Ca2 + (100 nM) and platelets at resting state. On the other hand, they ensure a high calcium concentration (≥ 1 mM) in the Ca2+ stores allowing its mobilization, and finally modulate the intensity and the shape of the Ca2 signal during the activation. However, the respective roles of SERCA platelets, SERCA2b and SERCA3, are still poorly defined. Hence the interest of my project which was to determine if SERCA3 had a precise and specific functional role. We observed in SERCA3 - / - mice a defect in hemostasis that is accompanied by resistance to thrombosis due to ADP secretion deficiency, resulting in a lack of aggregation and adhesion. SERCA3 seems to control an initial pathway of ADP secretion able to acting in synergy with low platelet activation, resulting in increased secretion and aggregation. In addition, the use of specific pharmacological inhibitors of SERCA2b (thapsigargine) or SERCA3 (tBHQ) showed that the initial secretion of ADP was not dependent on the mobilization of SERCA2b stores, but was specifically dependent on SERCA3 stores. We found the same SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion pathway in human platelets. In particular, we observed a defect of platelet aggregation, low Ca2+ mobilization and low platelet SERCA3 levels in a cohort of patients with morbid obesity compared to control subjects. Platelet functions and SERCA3 levels are restored after weight loss by a surgery bariatric. Above all, we found in the platelets of these obese patients, a defect of secretion of ADP associated with the defect of SERCA3. This is the first defect of platelet SERCA3 related to human pathology. We then showed that the initial secretion of ADP was rapid (5 sec) and entirely dependent on SERCA3. Using a membrane fluorescent Ca2+ probe (FURA2-NearMem-AM), we have demonstrated the existence of a juxta-membrane-specific calcium mobilization specific to SERCA3, independently of ADP, corresponding to primary secretion. This SERCA3 mobilization proved to be independent of IP3, but dependent on the NAADP, which specifically mobilizes the SERCA3 and not SERCA2b reserves. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a new platelet activation pathway, independent of IP3 but dependent on NAADP, which releases Ca2 + from SERCA3 dependent stores and specifically involved in the early release of ADP during platelet activation. These data identify new targets with a potential interest of anti-thrombotic therapy.

This thesis situates the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program within the larger realm of postsecondary prison education to analyze its unique pedagogical approach. Through utilizing critical theory and other pedagogical theories, I will address several key themes in the Inside-Out Pedagogy including 1) humanization 2) dialogue 3) mutuality, and the way these frames and tools are used to approach questions of identity, criminality, and power dynamics within the classroom. In providing both benefits and limitations of the Inside-Out program’s efforts to facilitate dialogue across difference, I argue that Inside-Out moves beyond prison education frameworks rooted in recidivist and neoliberal paradigms and instead fosters opportunities based on empathy, critical thinking, and holistic growth and transformation. I also argue that some of the projects and frameworks of transformation, equality, and humanization are oversimplified. Overall, I argue in favor of college-in-prison programs like Inside-Out that can supplement pre-existing postsecondary prison education programs.

<p>Background: The software industry is being described as an industry of fierce competition and rapid technology change. The innovation pace is said to be so high that today's new technology might be history tomorrow. Where do the companies of the software industry focus when making strategic decisions? According to the strategic literature, a firm can focus on either the external environment or the internal environment as strategic starting points. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find out what determines the strategy of firms in the software industry. </p><p>Procedure: Interviews with six software companies in Sweden. </p><p>Result: Four strategic determinants were identified: Flexible software solution, Markets that fit the software solution, Market Segmentation, Customers within the market segment. In this way, both the internal and external environment determines the strategies of the software companies.</p>

Background: The software industry is being described as an industry of fierce competition and rapid technology change. The innovation pace is said to be so high that today's new technology might be history tomorrow. Where do the companies of the software industry focus when making strategic decisions? According to the strategic literature, a firm can focus on either the external environment or the internal environment as strategic starting points. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to find out what determines the strategy of firms in the software industry. Procedure: Interviews with six software companies in Sweden. Result: Four strategic determinants were identified: Flexible software solution, Markets that fit the software solution, Market Segmentation, Customers within the market segment. In this way, both the internal and external environment determines the strategies of the software companies.

abstract: The prison classroom offers a transformative educational opportunity for incarcerated and non-incarcerated students alike. The current study uses place-conscious educational theories and the intergroup contact theory to examine how a prison education program can offer deeply impactful experiences for students. Using a pre/post-intervention survey design, this thesis analyzes differences in attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about crime and criminal justice between and within groups of incarcerated (n=24) and university (n=20) students participating in two semester-long prison-based criminal justice courses in Arizona. Results show that prior to participating in the Inside-Out Prison Exchange programs, inside students had less favorable views about the criminal justice system compared to outside students, and outside students had less favorable attitudes about people who are incarcerated. Throughout the course, positive attitudes toward the criminal justice system increased for inside students and positive attitudes about incarcerated people increased among outside students, such that at the end of the course, the differences in attitudes between the two groups were no longer significant. Additionally, outside students’ punitive attitudes decreased throughout their participation in the course. Overall, the magnitude of the changes experienced by each student group were different, such that outside students experienced more significant changes in attitudes and beliefs about crime and criminal justice than did inside students. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2018

Si l’Open Innovation a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux soulignant la pertinence de ce modèle pour la recherche et la pratique, nous disposons d’une compréhension limitée de ce que signifie l’ouverture, des différentes formes qu’elle peut prendre et des processus de sa mise en œuvre, en particulier les processus inside-out et couplé.La présente recherche doctorale, située à l’intersection des recherches sur le management stratégique des brevets et celles sur le modèle de l’Open Innovation, est dédiée à l’étude des pratiques de licensing, considéré comme le principal mécanisme d’ouverture. Elle est menée sous la forme d’une thèse sur travaux consacrés aux logiques stratégiques et aux capacités organisationnelles du licensing dans les deux processus inside-out et couplé. Ces travaux mobilisent différentes perspectives théoriques (capacités organisationnelles, coopétition, écosystème) et s’appuient sur un design qualitatif pour répondre individuellement à des questions spécifiques dérivées d’une problématique générale. L’analyse transversale et la mise en perspective des résultats de ces travaux permettent de combler les limites des travaux existants et d’enrichir la littérature sur le modèle de l’Open Innovation. Plus précisément, les résultats permettent de: a) clarifier la notion d’ouverture, b) dépasser la conception dyadique et collaborative de l’Open Innovation, b) mettre en évidence de nouvelles logiques stratégiques du licensing dans les processus inside-out et couplé et c) de comprendre les modes d’interactions et dynamiques sous-jacentes aux capacités d’absorption et de désorption, ainsi que l’origine de cette dernière. / While much research defend the relevance of the Open Innovation model for both research and practice, we know surprisingly little about the meaning of openness, the various forms it can take and its implementation processes, in particular the two processes known as ‘inside-out’ and ‘coupled’. This dissertation aims to fill these gaps through four essays. It binds researches on patent strategic management with those on the Open Innovation Model and analyzes the practices of licensing viewed as the main mechanism of openness. The essays address the strategic motivations and organizational capacities of licensing in the inside-out and coupled processes. They draw on various theoretical perspectives (ecosystem, coopetition, organizational capacities) and use a qualitative design to individually tackle specific issues derived from the general problematic. The transversal analysis of the results of these essays fills the gaps of existing works and contributes to the literature on Open Innovation model. More precisely, the results clarify the meaning of openness; overtake the dyadic and collaborative view of open innovation; highlight new strategic logics of licensing in the inside-out and coupled processes; and improve the understanding of desorptive capacity by disentangling its microfoundations and origin as well as its articulation with absorptive capacity.

The purpose of this project is to explore the concept of inside-out change and inner sustainability in the context of societal norms through the process of how they change from childhood into adulthood. What are they and how do they affect our wellbeing and quality of life? To challenge the societal norms and become aware of its negative effects on the individual and collective, we need to allow ourselves space to acknowledge the importance of our inner life. The design aims to create a physical (and psychological) space with the help of video art and design, where the audience is given time for the mind to wander, to hopefully inspire and motivate for improved inner sustainability and change from the inside-out.

This thesis concentrates on problematic field of architectural education and practice related to window role. Phenomena of window loosing it’s primary functional purpose [inside-outside connection in terms of view and daylight] and becoming more decorative element of the facade. This paper content consists of analysis of case studies by evaluating window provided light and view qualities using qualitative and quantitative methods in chosen office buildings. Analysis and results are followed by the discussion of window role oppositions between architect’s and user’s perspective together with secondary topics coming out of it. As the result of analysis and discussion - guidelines for window design are suggested and conclusive experiment of their customization is demonstrated. This thesis  concentrates on awareness of window identity crisis as well as examine and provide simple manners, which can increase quality of daylight and view through the openings in architectural planning.

This work describes the application of spiroligomers as serine hydrolases mimetics. Through collaboration with Kendall Houk's group, for the first time in the Schafmeister lab, we demonstrate that "theozymes" can be successfully used as models to design highly functionalized spiroligomer constructs for organocatalysis. We demonstrate a structure-function relationship between the structure of a series of bi-functional and tri-functional spiroligomer based transesterification catalysts and their catalytic activity. First, we designed and synthesized a series of stereochemically and regiochemically diverse bi-functional spiroligozymes to identify the best arrangement of a pyridine as a general base catalyst and an alcohol nucleophile to accelerate attack on vinyl trifluoroacetate as an electrophile. The best bifunctional spiroligozyme reacts with vinyl trifluoroacetate to form an acyl-spiroligozyme conjugate 2.7x103-fold faster than the background reaction with benzyl alcohol. We then incorporated an additional urea functional group to activate the acyl-spiroligozyme intermediate through hydrogen bonds and enable acyl transfer to methanol. The best trifunctional spiroligozyme carries out multiple turnovers and acts as a transesterification catalyst with k1/kuncat of 2.2x103 and k2/kuncat of 1.3x102. Quantum mechanical calculations identified four transition states in the catalytic cycle and provided a detailed view of every stage of the transesterification reaction. With the aim of accelerating the k2, we sought to design better oxyanion holes that hold multiple hydrogen bonding groups in close proximity of the catalytic groups. A macrocyclic motif would be a good candidate to force the oxyanion hole arm to arrange hydrogen-bonding groups in a precise three-dimensional constellation for transition state stabilization. In Chapter 4, we introduce an in silico designed macrocyclic spiroligomer, which overlays well with catalytic active site of an inhibitor bound-esterase. Finally, we detail our effort to develop new methodologies for rapidly synthesizing spiroligomers on solid-support. This would allow us to efficiently permute their structures for diverse applications such as organocatalysts, host molecules, and biologically related applications such as inhibiting protein-protein interactions. / Chemistry