Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Immigration, especially to countries with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity, has been found to exacerbate these conditions in immigrants. This study investigated the change in dietary intake, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) of South African immigrants in Hobart, Australia. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the change in BMI, the current and usual dietary intakes and perceived dietary changes and the current physical activity levels and perceived changes in physical activity since immigration of South African immigrants residing in the Greater Hobart Area. DESIGN: This study had descriptive, cross-sectional as well as analytical components. SAMPLING: Forty seven participants were recruited by contacting known immigrants, postings in newspapers, contacting immigrant social groups, contacting the Department of Economic Development as well as using the social networking program, “Facebook”. All participants had to be between the ages of 20 and 50 and have lived in Australia for longer than six months, but shorter than five years. Thirty participants completed the study with a mean age of 37.17 years. METHODS: Participants were required to complete a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire, a 3-day diet record, physical activity questionnaire and quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ). The investigator administered a weight change questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and waist circumference measurements. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the BMIs of participants preand post-immigration (p=0.06), but the percentage of overweight female participants increased from 24% (n=4) to 29% (n=5) and the percentage of overweight male participants increased from 46% (n=6) to 69% (n=9). The percentage of obese female participants increased from 6% (n=1) to 12% (n=2) post-immigration with the male participants showing no increased prevalence of obesity. Participants appeared aware of their weight classifications with 60% (n=18) reporting that they considered themselves overweight. Mean waist circumference values of male and female participants were classified as action level 1. Forty one percent (n=7) of female participants and 31% (n=4) of male participants had waist circumference values classified as action level 2. Carbohydrate intakes were below the Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) recommendations for 84% (n=25) and 62% (n=19) of participants as indicated by the QFFQ and diet records respectively and the mean carbohydrate intake values of male and female participants (QFFQ and diet records) were below the NRV recommendations as well. Fibre intakes were below the NRV recommendations for 76% (n=23) and 82% (n=25) of participants as indicated by the QFFQ and food records respectively. Saturated fat and sodium intakes were high. Folate, calcium and potassium were consumed in lower than recommended amounts by a large proportion of participants. Sixty seven percent (n=20) of participants reported an increase in physical activity post-immigration and 70% (n=21) of participants anticipated a future increase in physical activity levels. CONCLUSION: The study population experienced an increase in weight. A number of other risk factors for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases were also identified including high waist circumference values, high saturated fat and sodium intakes and low fibre, folate, calcium and potassium intakes. Interventions aimed at decreasing the risk of South African immigrants in Hobart becoming overweight/obese and developing chronic diseases should probably be aimed at lower saturated and total fat intake, higher carbohydrate and fibre intake and plenty of dietary variation and should further encourage physical activity, but this needs to be confirmed by larger prospective studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: Daar is gevind dat immigrasie, veral na lande met ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig en vetsugtigheid, hierdie toestande in immigrante kan vererger. Hierdie studie het die veranderinge in dieetinname, fisiese aktiwiteit en liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in Hobart, Australië ondersoek. DOELWITTE: Die doelwitte was om die verandering in LMI na immigrasie, die huidige en gewoontelike dieetinname en gerapporteerde dieet veranderinge na immigrasie asook die huidige fisiese aktiwiteit en gerapporteerde fisiese aktiwiteit veranderinge van Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante, wat in die groter Hobart area woon, te ondersoek. ONTWERP: Die studie het beskrywende asook analitiese komponente gehad. STEEKPROEFTREKKING: Respondente is gewerf deur alle bekende immigrante te kontak, koerant boodskappe te plaas, sosiale groepe vir immigrante te kontak, die Department van Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling te kontak asook deur die sosiale netwerk program, “Facebook”, te gebruik. Alle respondente moes tussen die ouderdomme van 20 en 50 wees en moes langer as ses maande, maar korter as vyf jaar in Australië woon. METODES: Respondente het ‘n sosio-demografiese vraelys asook ‘n drie dag voedselrekord, ‘n voedselfrekwensie vraelys en ‘n fisiese aktiwiteit vraelys voltooi. Die navorser het ‘n gewigsverandering vraelys afgeneem. Antropometriese metings het gewig, lengte en middelomtrek ingesluit. RESULTATE: Daar was nie ‘n betekenisvolle verskil tussen die LMI waardes van respondente voor en na immigrasie nie (p=0.06), maar die persentasie oorgewig vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 24% (n=4) na 29% (n=5) en die persentasie oorgewig manlike respondente het toegeneem van 46% (n=6) na 69% (n=9). Die persentasie vetsugtige vroulike respondente het toegeneem van 6% (n=1) na 12% (n=2) na immigrasie en die manlike respondente het geen toename in vetsugtigheid getoon nie. Dit het voorgekom asof respondente bewus was van hulle gewigsklassifikasies met 60% (n=18) wat gerapporteer het dat hulle hulself as oorgewig beskou. Die gemiddelde middelomtrek waardes van die manlike en vroulike respondente was geklassifiseer as aksie vlak 1. Een en veertig persent (n=7) van die vroulike respondente en 31% (n=4) van die manlike respondente het middelomtrek waardes getoon wat as aksie vlak 2 geklassifiseer was. Koolhidraat inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 84% (n=25) en 62% (n=19) van die respondente soos aangedui deur die voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord. Vesel inname was laer as the nutrient verwysingswaardes vir 76% (n=23) en 82% (n=25) van die respondente soos aangedui deur die voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord. Die gemiddelde waardes vir koolhidraat en vesel inname vir manlike en vroulike respondente (voedselfrekwensie lys en 3-dag voedselrekord) was laer as die nutrient verwysingswaardes. Versadigde vet en natrium innames was hoog. Folaat, kalsium en kalium innames van ‘n groot proporsie respondente was laer as die aanbevelings. Sewe en sestig persent (n=20) van die respondente het gerapporteer dat hulle fisiese aktiwiteitsvlakke toegeneem het na immigrasie en 70% (n=21) van die respondente het verwag dat hulle fisiese aktiwiteitsvlakke sou verhoog. AANBEVELINGS: Die studie populase het ‘n toename in gewig en LMI ondervind. ‘n Aantal verdere risikofaktore vir kroniese en kardiovaskulêre siektes was geïdentifiseer, byvoorbeeld hoë middelomtrek waardes, hoë versadigde vet en natrium innames en lae vesel, folaat, kalsium en kalium innames. Programme wat fokus op die voorkoming van oorgewig/vetsug in Suid-Afrikaanse immigrante in Hobart, Australië moet moontlik gemik wees op laer totale en versadigde vet inname, hoër vesel en koolhidraat inname asook variasie in diet en fisiese aktiwiteit moet ook verder aangemoedig word. Sodanige aanbevelings moet egter bevestig word deur groter prospektiewe studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_gaz_me_arafcf.pdf: 605984 bytes, checksum: 282fc36dc56b75efba4c144b30e02212 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho determinou a prevalência de subnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade, a freqüência alimentar, preferências e aversões das preparações servidas na merenda escolar, prática de atividade física, bem como avaliou as associações entre o estado nutricional, perfil sociofamiliar, consumo alimentar e atividade física de um grupo de escolares do Ensino Fundamental de 1ª a 4ª séries, pertencentes à rede estadual da cidade de Araraquara - SP, durante o período de dezembro de 2003 a junho de 2004, representando uma amostra de 77,41% da população dos escolares da rede estadual de ensino. Participaram do estudo, 4802 escolares sendo, 2391 meninos (49,79%) e 2411 meninas (50,21%), da faixa etária entre 6 a 17 anos. Dos, 4802 escolares avaliados segundo as medidas antropométricas apenas, 2228 (46,40%) devolveram o Questionário Sociofamiliar preenchido e 634 (13,20%) o Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar. As medidas antropométricas foram realizadas, em todas as escolas. Os dois Questionários foram preenchidos, no domicílio pelos pais ou responsáveis. A avaliação da subnutrição foi realizada pelo método escore Z para os índices, altura para idade (AI), peso para idade (PI) e peso para altura (PA) e comparado com o padrão, NCHS (CDC, 2000). Já, as avaliações da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foram realizadas através dos pontos de corte do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) estabelecidos por Cole et al (2000) para gênero e idade. Os resultados evidenciaram para o gênero masculino e feminino, respectivamente uma prevalência de subnutrição grave (Z _ - 3) de 0,21% e 0,04% para AI; 0,21% e 0,17%, para PI e 0% e 0,77% para PA. Para subnutrição moderada (- 3 < Z _ - 2) foram encontrados, 1,63% e 1,62% para AI; 1,92% e 1,78% para PI e 2,37% e 0,77%, para PA, também foram avaliados com subnutrição leve ( -2 < Z _ -1)14,05% e 11,32% para AI... / The present work evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity, food frequency, preferences and aversion to the daily meals served at schools and practice of physical activities. It also evaluated associations among the nutritional status, social profile of the family, food intake and physical activity of a group of students at the grades 1st to 4th of elementary school of 13 state schools in Araraquara -SP, from December 2003 to June 2004, representing a sample of 77.41% of the students population from the state schools. 4802 students participated in the study. 2391 were boys (49.79%) and 2411 were girls (50.21%) aged from 6 to 17 years old. From the 4802 students evaluated with anthropometric measure, only 2228 (46.40%) handed in the Social Questionnaire. The anthropometric measures were performed by the author of this study in each school. The Social Questionnaire covered questions related to family income, number of people that lived in the house, parents' education and profession, preferences and aversion to the daily meals served at schools, repetition of the meals and practice of physical activity. The Food Frequency Questionnaire included a list of 93 foods usually eaten by students. The 2 Questionnaires were filled by the parents or guardians at home. The evaluation of malnutrition was accomplished by the method Z escore for the anthropometric indexes: Height- for-Age (HA), Weight-for-Age (WA) and Weight-for-Height (WH) and compared to the NCHS standard (CDC, 2000). The evaluation of the overweight and obesity prevalence was accomplished by the cut point method for BMI established by Cole et al (2000) for sex and age. The results showed that for both boys and girls a prevalence of sever malnutrition (below - 3 SD) was 0.21% and 0.04% for HA, 0.21% and 0.17% for WA and 0% and 0.77% for WH. For moderate malnutrition... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect on performance and ingestive behavior of herbal extract additive as an alternative for monensine on feedlot cull cows diet. Twenty four cull cows, Charolais (CH) vs. Nellore (NE) crossbred, being each treatment composed by eight animals, between then one CH; one NE; one ¾ CH e ¼ NE; one ¾ NE e ¼ CH; two 11/16 CH e 5/16 NE and two 11/16 NE e 5/16 CH, with initial age and live weight of 7 years and 423 kg, respectively, were used. The roughage:concentrate ratio was of 62:38, constituted by sorghum silage and concentrate composed by wheat bran, corn, limestone and sodic chlorate. The experimental diets were: EVE basic diet + 5 mg of herbal extract additive; MON - basic diet + 300 mg of monensin and CON control group, without additive. The herbal extract used was Rumex® and monensin was obtained with Rumensin®. The quantity of additive used was the higher one recommended by manufacturers. Feedlot period was of 64 days. The complete randomized experimental design was used, wit a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (3 diets and 2 racial predominance) and the averages were compared by t test with 5% and 10% of probability. No interaction between diet and racial predominance was observed and additives inclusion didn t affect animal s performance and food intake. Animals with Charolais racial predominance (CRP) obtained higher weight gain (P<.05) and dry mater intake (P<.10) and better feed conversion (P<.10) then Nellore racial predominance (NRP) animals. The EVE diet proportioned higher (P<.05) rumination time, number of ruminal chews per bolus, rumination time per bolus. / O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o uso de aditivos a base de extratos vegetais como alternativa à monensina sódica na dieta de vacas de descarte terminadas em confinamento, através do desempenho e comportamento ingestivo. Foram utilizados 24 animais cruzas Charolês (CH) x Nelore (NE), sendo cada tratamento composto por oito animais dentre eles: um CH; um NE; um ¾ CH e ¼ NE; um ¾ NE e ¼ CH; dois 11/16 CH e 5/16 NE e dois 11/16 NE e 5/16 CH, com idade e peso vivo inicial de sete anos e 423 kg, respectivamente. A relação volumoso:concentrado da dieta foi de 62:38, composta de silagem de sorgo e concentrado constituído de farelo de trigo, milho, calcário calcítico e cloreto de sódio. As dietas experimentais foram: EVE dieta básica + 5 mg do aditivo a base de extrato vegetal; MON dieta básica + 300 mg de monensina sódica; CON sem aditivo. O aditivo natural utilizado foi o Rumex® e a monensina sódica foi obtida através do produto comercial Rumensin®. A quantidade de aditivo utilizada no experimento foi a máxima recomendada pelos fabricantes. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (3 dietas e 2 predominâncias) e as médias comparadas pelo teste t ao nível de 5% e 10% de probabilidade. Não houve interação, e o uso dos aditivos não influenciou (P>0,05) no desempenho e o consumo dos animais. Os animais com predominância racial (PCH) apresentaram maior (P<0,05) ganho de peso vivo diário e maior (P<0,10) consumo de matéria seca e melhor (P<0,10) conversão alimentar que os animais de predominância (PNE). A dieta EVE proporcionou maior (P<0,05) tempo de ruminação, de mastigação por bolo e número de mastigadas por bolo.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is derived from protein metabolism as well as ammonia formed with the rumen. MUN can be used to estimate Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). The ammonia which is formed in the rumen and is not utilized in bacterial metabolism is absorbed by rumen wall and trnsformed into urea in the liver The objective of the present paper evaluate a possible protein excess in the diet of dairy herds through MUN levels. A total of 598 animals from 11 different herds were sampled. Also, feed consumed was sampled for analyses and individual cow production recorded. In milk samples, fat, protein, lactose, total solids, somatic cell count and MUN were measured. MUN was related positively related to total protein consumption and negatively related to total energy, which is demonstrated by the equation NUL=0.87 + 7.2PI 0.31ET and P<0,001. When the herds are blocked by production (Group 1 < 15 L; Group 2 between 15 and 25 L; and Group 3 > 25 L) there is a difference in protein and energy consumption, however, NUL was not different between groups 2 and 3. When production is considered, the correlation yields the equation NUL=3.39 + 5.68PI - 0.62 ET + 0.43 Prod and P<0,0001. Based on the results it is concluded that in RS state, NUL is elevated during winter months, principally in higher producing herds. / O nitrogênio uréico do leite é oriundo principalmente do nitrogênio amoniacal absorvido pela parede ruminal sendo que as concentrações de NUL podem ser utilizadas para estimar as concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no sangue (NUS) ou no plasma (NUP). Quando a concentração de amônia no rúmen excede a capacidade de captura e utilização pela microbiota ruminal, a mesma é absorvida pela parede do rúmen e transportada ao fígado, por meio do sistema porta e, então, transformada em uréia. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho, foi investigar se existe excesso de proteína na dieta de bovinos leiteiros, através análise da dieta e do NUL. Foram coletadas amostras de leite de 598 animais de 11 rebanhos, além da produção, dieta e os alimentos para análise bromatológica. Foi realizado, a determinação das concentrações de gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais, CCS e o NUL. O NUL se relacionou com o aumento da concentração de proteína ingerida, e com a diminuição da energia total e isto é demonstrado pela equação NUL=0.87 + 7.2PI 0.31ET e P<0,0001. Ao analisar a distribuição dos rebanhos por produção (Prod.<15 litros, Grupo 1; Prod entre 15 e 25 litros Grupo 2; e prod > que 25 litros, grupo 3), pode-se observar que estes diferiram estatisticamente quanto a proteína ingerida e a energia ingerida, mas quanto ao NUL, não existiu diferença entre os animais que produzem mais de 15 litros/dia. Ao analisar a produção média do rebanho, com a PI e a ET, para avaliar o NUL, formou-se a equação, NUL= 3.39 + 5.68PI - 0.62 ET + 0.43 Prod e P<0,0001 Com isso, pode-se concluir que no RS em determinados meses o NUL esta aumentado, principalmente em rebanhos que apresentam maiores médias de produção.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_tmd_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1175902 bytes, checksum: e83fea39c577b1ede76fa2c826ee8e78 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O trabalho objetivou avaliar as características da pastagem de Azevém sobressemeada em Tifton-85 e a produtividade de cordeiros desmamados submetidos a três níveis de suplementação. Os cordeiros pastejaram azevém sobressemeado em Tifton-85 e foram avaliados de acordo com a suplementação recebida: sem suplementação, suplementação em 0,9% do peso corporal (PC), suplementação em 1,8% PC e suplementação ad libitum. Os cordeiros foram pesados a cada 14 dias com jejum prévio de 16 horas. O método de utilização da pastagem foi o de pastejo com lotação contínua e taxa de lotação variável, procurando manter a altura da pastagem em 15 cm, sendo mensurada a cada 7 dias. A taxa de crescimento da pastagem foi mensurada pela técnica do triplo emparelhamento. Foi calculada a disponibilidade de forragem, o número de cordeiros/ha e a carga animal. O ganho de peso médio diário aumentou linearmente com a elevação do nível de suplementação concentrada oferecida aos cordeiros. Os níveis de suplementação concentrada tiveram relação linear negativa com a taxa de acúmulo, a matéria seca acumulada e a disponibilidade de matéria seca da forragem; e relação quadrática com a altura da pastagem, a taxa de lotação de cordeiros/ha e a carga animal (kgPC/ha). Concluise que a suplementação dos cordeiros em pastagem proporcionou melhor ganho de peso diário dos animais. Os níveis de suplementação interferem na altura e na disponibilidade de forragem. O efeito de substituição da pastagem pelo concentrado promoveu diminuição do crescimento da pastagem e da produção acumulada de forragem. Níveis de suplementação ad libitum possibilitaram aumentar o número de animais/ha e a carga animal / This study objected to evaluate ryegrass pasture characteristics oversowned on Tifton-85 and the performance of grazing weaned lambs supplemented in three levels of concentrate. The lambs grazed in ryegrass oversowned on Tifton-85 and were evaluate according to the supplementation that they had fed: no supplementation (control), 0,9% of body weight (BW), 1,8% of BW and ad libitum. The animals were weighted to each 14 days with 16 hour of water fasting. Grazing management was continuous variable stocking to keep pasture in 15 cm, being taken every 7 days. The herbage accumulation rate was measuredby triple cage technique. Availability of forage, number of lambs per hectare and animal stocking were calculated. The average daily weight gain increase linearly with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation offered to lambs. The level of concentrate supplementation had a negative linear relation with herbage growth rate, accumulated dry mater and available forage dry matter; and a quadratic relation with pasture height, number of lambs per hectare and animal stocking rate (kgBW/ha). It could be concluded that supplementation for grazing lambs provided better daily weight gain animals. The levels of supplementation interfered in height and availability of forage. The effect of substitution of grazing for concentrate promoted decreased of pasture daily growth and availability of forage dry matter. Levels of supplementation ad libitum increase number of animal/ha and animal stocking

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09629.pdf: 3007133 bytes, checksum: 7b28af344b4eacb107f05cbefe8ffa4d (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Esta tese aborda um tema pouco explorado na literatura: ansiedade, consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de adolescentes. O objetivo foi estudar a relação entre ansiedade e consumo alimentar e seu impacto no estado nutricional em adolescentes escolares. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com adolescentes escolares de 10 a 19 anos que apresentaram triagem positiva para ansiedade, de acordo com a escala de autorrelato para transtornos relacionados à ansiedade na infância (SCARED-C), bem como uma amostra de controles sem transtornos de ansiedade. Na avaliação do consumo de energia e macronutrientes, utilizou-se o questionário de frequência alimentar para adolescentes (QFAA). A avaliação nutricional consistia em avaliação antropométrica e medida de bioimpedância elétrica (BIA), avaliação dos caracteres sexuais secundários e atividade física habitual. O teste qui-quadrado avaliou a associação entre variáveis categóricas e ansiedade ou gênero, e o teste t de Student ou ANOVA, a associação entre variáveis categóricas e o consumo de energia e macronutrientes. Para avaliar a relação entre o consumo, a ansiedade e as características biológicas, comportamentais e sociais, realizou-se análise de regressão, utilizando o método de Equações de Estimação Generalizadas (GEE). Foram avaliados 706 adolescentes com média de idade 13,9±2,4 anos. Desses, 149 (21,1%) apresentaram sobrepeso e 92 (13,0%), obesidade. A composição corporal revelou excesso de gordura em 235 (33,3%), acúmulo de gordura abdominal em 157 (22,2%) e, quanto ao nível de atividade física, 429 (60,8%) eram inativos, sendo que as meninas apresentam maior prevalência do que os meninos (p < 0,001). Na análise não ajustada, os ansiosos apresentaram, em média, maior consumo diário de energia total e carboidrato quando comparados aos não ansiosos (p = 0,039 e p = 0,037, respectivamente), quanto à proteína e à gordura, não apresentaram associação. Após ajuste de coeficientes, o efeito da energia persistiu, demonstrando que ser ansioso implica num consumo diário adicional de 246,5 kcal. Para o consumo de carboidratos com o ajuste pelas calorias totais, esse efeito desaparece. Não se observou relação entre a ansiedade e o estado nutricional e seus determinantes. Concluindo, evidenciou-se que, entre os adolescentes que apresentaram ansiedade, a ingestão de energia total foi superior àqueles não ansiosos, embora exista consumo proporcional de macronutrientes. Neste estudo, ao contrário de alguns achados da literatura, a ansiedade não teve relação com o sobrepeso e a obesidade. / The association between anxiety, food consumption and the nutritional status of adolescents has not been fully explored in the literature. This cross-sectional study evaluated this association in a group of adolescent students aged 10 to 19 years who had positive results for anxiety in a self-report questionnaire for anxiety disorders in childhood (SCARED-C), as well as in a control group of adolescents with no anxiety disorders. A food frequency questionnaire for adolescents (QFAA) was used to evaluate energy and macronutrient intakes. Nutritional status was assessed according to anthropometric parameters, electrical bioimpedance (BIA) measurements, secondary sexual characteristics and habitual physical activities. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables and anxiety or sex, and the Student t test or ANOVA, for the association between categorical variables and calorie and macronutrient intake. Regression analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to evaluate the association between intake, anxiety and biological, behavioral and social characteristics. Mean age of the 706 adolescents evaluated was 13.9±2.4 years; 149 (21.1%) were overweight, and 92 (13.0%) were obese. The analysis of body composition revealed that 235 (33.3%) had excessive fat, and 157 (22.2%), excessive abdominal fat. The analysis of physical activity revealed that 429 (60.8%) were inactive, and the prevalence was greater for girls than for boys (p < 0.001). In the nonadjusted analysis, adolescents with anxiety had a greater mean total daily calorie and carbohydrate intake than adolescents without anxiety (p = 0.039 and p = 0.037); protein and fat were not significantly associated. After coefficient adjustments, the effect of calorie intake remained significant, which indicated that being anxious led to an additional daily consumption of 246.5 kcal. For the consumption of carbohydrates, this effect disappeared after the adjustment to total calories. There were no associations between anxiety and the nutritional status or its determinant factors. In conclusion, we found that, among adolescents with anxiety, total caloric intake was greater than for adolescents without anxiety, although macronutrient intake was not significantly different. In this study, contrary to several findings reported in the literature, anxiety was not associated with overweight or obesity.

O chá verde (Camellia sinensis L) apresenta potencial de uso em dietas dos animais domésticos devido à grande quantidade de polifenóis presentes em suas folhas. Pesquisas desenvolvidas com animais, realizadas primeiramente com cobaias, mostram resultados positivos na nutrição e comportamento animal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de extrato de chá verde à dieta de novilhas leiteiras sobre o comportamento, consumo de concentrado e desenvolvimento corporal. Foram utilizadas no experimento 32 novilhas não gestantes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com medidas repetidas no tempo e quatro tratamentos. As variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de concentrado e matéria seca, ganho de peso, medidas corporais, comportamento ingestivo junto ao cocho e medidas fisiológicas. O consumo de concentrado foi maior (P<0,05) nas doses zero e 3g que nas doses de 1 e 2g de extrato de chá verde. O ganho de peso dos animais que receberam 2 e 3g/d de extrato de chá verde tendeu a ser maior (P<0,10) que o dos animais que receberam 1g ou o controle (zero). A inclusão de extrato de chá verde na dieta de novilhas não influenciou o consumo de matéria seca total, eficiência alimentar, as medidas corporais, comportamentais e fisiológicas, mas influenciou o consumo de concentrado e tendeu a influenciar o ganho de peso diário. / Green tea (Camellia sinensis L) is potentially useful as a dietary additive for domestic animals due to the polyphenols found in the leaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of green tea extract into the concentrate of dairy heifers on behavior, concentrate intake and body development. Thirty-two Holstein and Jersey dairy heifers not pregnant were selected. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with repeated measures and four treatments: zero, 1, 2 and 3 grams of green tea extract added into the concentrate. Variants used: concentrated intake and dry matter, weight gain, body measurements, ingestion behavior along with trough and physiological dimension. The concentrated intake is higher (P<0,05) in doses zero and 3g than in doses with 1 and 2 g of green tea extract. The weight gain of the subjects that received 2 and 3 g/d of green tea extract tended to be higher (P<- 0,10) than those that received 1 g or the control sample (zero). The inclusion of green tea extract in the diet of heifers didn’t affect the ingestion of total dry matter, nurture efficiency nor the bodily, behavioural and the physiological measurements, but it did influence the concentrated intake and trended to sway the daily weight gain.

The main objective of this thesis was to assess food intake by bream, depending on the onset and end of spawning period. To meet the objectives of a practical experiment was carried out. This experiment was run on the dams Hamry and Brno in the years 2008 and 2009. Subsequently it was determined by standard methods. These methods (indirect, food frequency, filling index, index of superiority and gonadosomatic index. Subsequently, an analysis of stomach.

Thesis deals with the issue of food intake disorders in secondary school. The theoretical part of the work is focused on defining the terms anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Starting with historical development of these diseases, through complexity of causes and consequences of the disease and description of an endangered group of patients, I got to the contemporary medical treatment used. The practical part of this work consists of the questionnaire survey of adolescent students. Based on the results of this survey I proposed a brief prevention program, targeting in particular parents and teachers, including practical advices how to support the prevention of food intake disorder diseases of adolescents.