Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 93 pages. / Thesis (M.S.E.E.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that provides efficient bandwidth utilization and robustness against time dispersive channels. This thesis deals with self-interference, or the corruption of desired signal by itself, in OFDM systems. Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-carrier Interference (ICI) are two types of self-interference in OFDM systems. Cyclic prefix is one method to prevent the ISI which is the interference of the echoes of a transmitted signal with the original transmitted signal. The length of cyclic prefix required to remove ISI depends on the channel conditions, and usually it is chosen according to the worst case channel scenario. Methods to find the required parameters to adapt the length of the cyclic prefix to the instantaneous channel conditions are investigated. / ABSTRACT: Frequency selectivity of the channel is extracted from the instantaneous channel frequency estimates and methods to estimate related parameters, e.g. coherence bandwidth and Root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread, are given. These parameters can also be used to better utilize the available resources in wireless systems through transmitter and receiver adaptation. Another common self-interference in OFDM systems is the ICI which is the power leakage among different sub-carriers that degrades the performance of both symbol detection and channel estimation. Two new methods are proposed to reduce the effect of ICI in symbol detection and in channel estimation. The first method uses the colored nature of ICI to cancel it in order to decrease the error rate in the detection of transmitted symbols, and the second method reduces the effect of ICI in channel estimation by jointly estimating the channel and frequency offset, a major source of ICI. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Organisations are constantly called on to justify their actions to internal and external constituents. What happens if these constituents have divergent or conflicting opinions of what constitutes misconduct? This thesis uses the case of accountability for publicly financed elderly care performed by private providers to explore this question. The study demonstrates how accountability can be conceptualized as an ongoing process concerned with answering two questions: what constitutes satisfactory or unsatisfactory conducts, and who is accountable to whom? Both the private care providers and the municipal regions that finance them make continuous efforts to shape the answers to these questions by drawing on different forms of accounting information, norms, and influence in the course of their accountability processes. These local processes are affected by and interact with a surrounding network of direct and indirect accountability relationships between national supervision agencies, the media, elderly care clients, clients’ families, and the care providers’ and regions’ own hierarchies. The study argues that the dilemmas created by this network mean that care providers and regions are on the one hand trying to influence their mutual accountability processes to their own advantage, while on the other working as one unit to navigate overlapping areas of accountability, mutual dependency, and the unpredictability of external demands. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics, 2014</p>

追求永續成長是所有營利企業的主要目標之一，公司為了成長，希望有更多下單量，但產品能夠運用的範圍有限，因此常會發生一家企業供貨給多間客戶的狀況，由企業內不同單位服務不同客戶，然而客戶跟客戶之間的產品或服務類型相似，客戶之間彼此互為競爭關係，但有時候也有需要合作的狀況；而企業內部資源有限，所以不同單位間也可能產生競爭或合作關係以獲得有限的資源，過去文獻較多分開討論企業內部的競爭或企業之間的競爭，較少提及客戶端的競合會如何影響企業內部的競合，因此在本研究當中，將從從定位學派(positioning school)、資源基礎觀點(resource-based view of the firm)、動態能力(dynamic capability)探討競爭，從資源依賴(resource-dependence theory)、社會網絡理論(social network theory)，以及社會交換論(social exchange theory，SET)瞭解合作，再藉由質化訪談電子零組件廠、食品烘焙廠、電子零組件貿易及代理商以及化工廠，探討客戶端的競爭或合作關係如何影響焦點公司內部單位之間的競爭與合作。本研究發現，除了客戶端的競爭或合作會影響組織內部不同單位間的競爭或合作外，組織層級是否能提供足夠的資源給組織內的單位是單位間採取競爭或合作的重要因素，從研究中可推導出四項結論：1. 上市櫃公司因為專業經理人需要顧及財報數字對股價的影響，會適時照顧業績不佳的單位；私人公司因為非專業經理人，則完全利潤導向，無須特別照顧績效不佳的單位。2.當客戶端狀況為競爭，且客戶對企業的影響力相當時，若組織的資源不足，組織層級希望組織內單位間在創價流程以及有形或無形資源互相配合，採取合作；而組織內單位間在創價流程以及有形或無形資源上採取競爭。3. 當客戶端狀況為競爭，且客戶對企業的影響力不相當時，若組織層級的資源不足，組織層級則希望小客戶單位採取合作，在創價流程、知識與能力以及有形或無形資源上配合大客戶單位；而組織內的大客戶單位在創價流程以及有形或無形資源上會對小客戶單位採取競爭，小客戶單位在創價流程、知識與能力以及有形或無形資源上配合大客戶單位，採取合作。4. 客戶端狀況為競爭，且客戶對企業的影響力不相當時，若組織層級資源足夠時，組織層級希望組織內大客戶單位和小客戶單位在創價流程以及有形或無形資源上互相配合，採取合作；組織內大客戶單位對小客戶單位在創價流程上會採取合作，而小客戶單位對大客戶單位在創價流程與知識能力上會進行配合，採取合作。

En 2000, la loi SRU engendre une multiplication du nombre de Scot dans un contexte européen de relance de l'activité de planification territoriale, ou planification stratégique spatialisée, après une période de substitution du plan au profit du projet localisé. En France, les Scot se heurtent à des incertitudes croissantes quant à leur capacité à orienter le développement des territoires. Les expériences récentes et les évolutions du contexte législatif insistent sur la mise en œuvre : la planification est un processus continu qui commence au moment où le plan est en préparation. A travers le passage des orientations à l'action, la thèse interpelle l'ensemble du processus de planification territoriale dans le sens d'un renforcement de son effectivité. Durant la période 2009-2012, le travail de recherche-action s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (Cifre) au sein de l'Agence d'urbanisme de Lyon, animatrice de l'inter-Scot. Au sein de ce dispositif de coordination entre les treize Scot de l'aire métropolitaine lyonnaise, les Espaces d'interface métropolitains (EIM) sont des secteurs à enjeux localisés à la frontière de plusieurs démarches de planification et autour desquels les élus se sont engagés à accroitre leurs actions de coopération. Deux EIM constituent ainsi les terrains d'étude principaux de la thèse : les territoires autour de l'aéroport Lyon-Saint Exupéry et autour du barreau autoroutier A89 reliant Lyon à Balbigny. Identifiés autour d'éléments de structure majeurs, ou invariants territoriaux, ils constituent des leviers de mise en œuvre : la thèse introduit à ce titre le concept de lieux transactionnels comme nouveaux lieux à privilégier de projets du processus de planification territoriale. En confrontant le cas lyonnais, le système Français et des expériences de planification sélectionnées en Angleterre, Allemagne, et Italie, la thèse accorde une place centrale aux interactions entre les acteurs de la planification, les éléments de structure du territoire et la dynamique des lieux de projet dans des contextes métropolitains. La thèse esquisse finalement les premiers traits d'une théorie des lieux transactionnels. / In 2000, the solidarity and urban renewal act leads to an increase of territorial planning (or strategic spatial planning) in a European context of planning activity boosting after a substitution period of plan to benefit localised projects. In France, territorial planning exercises (Scot) cope with increasing uncertainty about their capacity to manage territorial development. Recent experiences and changes in the legislative environment insist on implementation: planning is a continual process starting while the plan is being prepared. From orientations to actions, the thesis questions the whole territorial planning process in terms of enhancing its effectiveness. During the period 2009-2012, the research-action work resulted from an industrial research agreement (Cifre) within the Lyon Urban Planning Agency, coordinator of the territorial planning for the Lyon metropolitan area (inter-Scot). Within this coordination mechanism, Metropolitan interface areas (EIM) are places at stake on the border of several planning approaches and where politicians committed to increase their cooperation actions. Two EIM constitute the main fields of study related to the thesis: areas surrounding Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport and the A89 motorway between Lyon and Balbigny. These territories are identified around major structure elements, or territorial invariants, and form important levers of implementation: the thesis introduced as such the concept of transactional places as new places projects to be prioritized today in territorial planning process. By comparing the Lyons case of study with the global French system and planning experiences selected in England, Germany and Italy, the thesis gives a central place to interactions between the stakeholders responsible for planning, the territory structural elements and the dynamics of projects places in metropolitan contexts. The thesis finally outlines the first features of a transactional places theory.

Aujourd’hui, la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) représente une préoccupation majeure pour les entreprises qui doivent intégrer non plus seulement les dimensions économiques et financières de leurs activités mais également les aspects sociaux et environnementaux. Le périmètre de la responsabilité d’une entreprise ne se limite plus à ces frontières mais s’étend à l’ensemble de ces partenaires commerciaux. Aussi, on assiste à une recrudescence de travaux tant académiques que professionnels portant sur les processus de diffusion de la RSE dans la supply chain (SC). Cependant, nombre d’études académiques tendent à analyser cette question au niveau dyadique ou à se focaliser sur une dimension de la RSE. Cette thèse cherche à combler cette lacune et s’interroge sur les mécanismes de diffusion de la RSE au niveau de la SC. Pour cela, nous nous intéressons, en particulier, au rôle que peut jouer une entreprise pivot, acteur central du réseau, dans la mise en œuvre d’actions RSE dans les entreprises satellites. Notre analyse se déroule en trois étapes. Dans la première, nous cherchons à construire un modèle conceptuel original intégrant aussi bien les mécanismes de gouvernance utilisés par l’entreprise pivot que ses motivations à les mettre en place. L’étape suivante consiste à faire des choix méthodologiques déterminants pour notre recherche : nous choisissons ainsi de tester notre modèle dans le secteur agroalimentaire à l’aide d’équations structurelles. Les divers résultats obtenus seront présentés et analysés, dans une troisième étape, pour nous permettre de répondre à notre questionnement initial. Outre la validité de nos échelles de mesure, les résultats indiquent que la gouvernance par l’entreprise pivot contribue à favoriser la mise en œuvre d’actions RSE dans la SC. De ce fait, cette recherche permet d’identifier, dans une perspective réticulaire, les mécanismes de gouvernance les plus pertinents ainsi que les leviers d’actions vers un management plus durable de la SC. / Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a major concern for companies that need to integrate not only the economic and financial dimensions of their activities but also the social and environmental aspects. The scope of a company's responsibility is no longer limited to these borders but extends to all of these business partners. Also, there has been a resurgence of both academic and professional studies on CSR diffusion processes in the supply chain (SC). However, many academic studies tend to analyze this issue at the dyadic level or focus on a dimension of CSR. This thesis attempts to fill this gap and questions the mechanisms for extending CSR at the SC level. Thus, we are particularly interested in the role that a focal company, a central actor in the network, can play in the implementation of CSR actions in satellites companies. Our analysis is carried out in three stages. In the first, we try to construct an original conceptual model integrating both the governance mechanisms used by the focal company and its motivations to implement them. The next step concern methodological choices that are decisive for our research : we choose to test our model in the agri-food sector using structural equations. The various results obtained will be presented and analyzed, in a third stage, to allow us to answer our initial questioning. In addition to the validity of our measurement scales, the results indicate that governance by the focal company contributes to the implementation of CSR actions in the SC. We identify the most relevant mechanisms as well as the levers of action towards a more sustainable management of SC.

Essa dissertação analisa a existência da forte influência religiosa na educação brasileira pesquisando o Brasil como um país laico, porém com reminiscências religiosas apontando possíveis causas históricas da laicidade do Estado brasileiro em sua relação intrínseca com o Ensino Religioso (ER) no Brasil na direção da Educação para o Diálogo Inter-Religioso (EPDIR) baseado no princípio do Diálogo Inter-Religioso (DIR). O primeiro capítulo fruto de uma monografia produzida pelo autor da pesquisa e inspirada na disciplina Hermenêutica Latino-americana do professor Wilhelm Wachholz, analisa o estabelecimento da laicidade do Estado Brasileiro colocando em destaque três conflitos fundantes na história nacional: O conflito entre Marquês de Pombal e a Companhia de Jesus no Brasil Colonial, A Questão Religiosa no Brasil Imperial e a Guerra de Canudos no Brasil Republicano. Estes três conflitos foram analisados como relevos do desgaste na relação entre a Igreja e o Estado no Brasil. O segundo capítulo também fruto de outra monografia produzida pelo autor da dissertação e inspirada nas disciplinas Religião e Educação na America Latina do professor Rudolf von Sinner, Personalidade e Fé da professora Gisela Streck e Fundamentos e Tendências da Educação do professor Remí Klein com suas cartas pedagógicas, analisa como diversas tradições religiosas podem, através de seus valores éticos comuns de bases, dar grande parcela de contribuição à cultura da paz, e ao mesmo tempo analisa a possibilidade do fundamentalismo religioso poder se tornar um dos principais elementos desagregadores da humanidade. No terceiro capítulo o autor analisa a relação histórica das sete Constituições no Brasil e o ER. Vislumbra as implicações do princípio do DIR para a formação do docente de ER em um curso de licenciatura e uma proposta curricular do ER baseada na Educação para Diálogo InterReligioso na educação nacional através das escolas que resulte numa cultura do diálogo inter-religioso e do respeito à religião do outro, contribuindo para a promoção de uma sociedade mais tolerante, justa e harmoniosa, diminuindo a ideia de que o diabo é o outro e aumentando a ideia da alteridade em que na desgraça, na fome e na injustiça todos são iguais / This thesis analyzes the existence of a strong religious influence in Brazilian education, researching Brazil as a secular country although with religious reminiscences, pointing to possible historical causes for the secularism of the Brazilian state in its intrinsic relation with Religious Education (ER) in the directing board of Education for Inter-Religious Dialog (EPDIR) based on the principle of Inter- Religious Dialog (DIR). The first chapter, fruit of a monograph which was elaborated by the author of the research and inspired in the discipline of Latin American Hermeneutics taught by professor Wilhelm Wachholz, analyzes the establishment of secularism in the Brazilian State, highlighting three founding conflicts in the national history: The conflict between Marquês de Pombal and the Companhia de Jesus [Jesuits] in Colonial Brazil, the religious issue in Imperial Brazil and the Canudos War in Republican Brazil. These three conflicts were analyzed as reliefs of the wear in the relation between the church and the state in Brazil. The second chapter, also fruit of another monograph written by the author of the thesis and inspired in the disciplines of Religion and Education in Latin America by professor Rudolf von Sinner, Personality and Faith by professor Gisela Streck and Foundations and Tendencies of Education by professor Remí Klein with his pedagogical letters, analyzes how various religious traditions can, through their common ground ethical values, give a great contribution to a culture of peace, and at the same time it analyzes the possibility of religious fundamentalism becoming one of the main divisive elements of humanity. In the third chapter the author analyzes the historical relation of the seven constitutions in Brazil and ER. It envisions the implications of the principle of DIR for the formation of ER professors in a licentiate program and a curricular proposal of ER based on Education for Inter-Religious Dialog in national education through the schools which would result in a culture of inter-religious dialog and of respect for the religion of the other, contributing to the promotion of a more tolerant, just and harmonious society, diminishing the idea that the devil is the other and increasing the idea of otherness in which in disgrace, in hunger and in injustice all are the same.

Pensar na relação igreja e mundo na modernidade e na pós-modernidade é perceber que essa relação se desenvolve em meio às mudanças próprias de um período em que é necessário repensar estruturas políticas, econômicas e instituições religiosas que já não conseguem responder de forma satisfatória a uma sociedade em transição. Um dos desafios que a educação da contemporaneidade precisa encarar é a de que o caminho para uma sociedade cada vez mais consciente de seu papel no mundo passa por uma educação de qualidade, que perpasse as diferenças, que saiba atender de forma inteligente a uma geração muito mais exigente e que luta pelos seus ideais rumo a um mundo melhor. A história da humanidade é marcada pela presença da religião que, em cada cultura, se constitui das mais variadas formas, e é justamente por este motivo que não devemos analisar o aspecto religioso nas escolas de forma preconceituosa, muito menos encarar essa realidade como se estivesse distante da sociedade moderna, muito pelo contrário, busca-se encontrar o melhor caminho para a oferta do Ensino Religioso (ER), considerando que, numa sociedade que se moderniza o tempo todo, em que a transformação se torna necessária para atender as várias demandas, o ER precisa também fazer parte desse processo, a fim de responder aos anseios religiosos da sociedade, respeitando seus valores culturais. Neste sentido, o processo educacional no país que passa pelo viés religioso que se inicia no Estado da Bahia, vai a partir do século XIX conceber novas percepções sobre o Ensino Religioso que busca se desvincular da proposta inicial trazida pelos colonizadores, necessitando repensar este componente curricular na perspectiva do diálogo inter-religioso, conforme assegurado no artigo da LDB pela nova redação dada pela Lei 9475/97. No entanto, esta pesquisa evidencia que sua implementação nas escolas públicas é um caminho ainda longo a ser trilhado. / To think about the relation between church and world in modernity and in post-modernity implies perceiving that this relation develops in the midst of changes characteristic of a period in which there is a need to rethink political, economical structures and religious institutions which are no longer able to respond in a satisfactory way to a society in transition. One of the challenges which education in contemporary times needs to face is that the path of a society which is ever more aware of its role in the world must go through quality education, which pervades differences, which knows how to serve in an intelligent way a much more demanding generation and one which fights for its ideals in the direction of a better world. The history of humanity is marked by the presence of religion which, in each culture, is constituted in various different ways and precisely because of this reason we cannot analyze the religious aspect in the schools in a judgmental way, much less face this reality as if it were distant from modern society. To the contrary, one seeks to find the best way to offer Religious Education (RE), considering that, in a society which is constantly modernizing, in which transformation becomes necessary to attend to the various demands, RE needs to also be part of this process, so as to respond to the religious needs of the society, respecting its cultural values. In this sense, the educational process in the country which passes through the religious vein, begins in the State of Bahia, as of the 19th century to conceive new perceptions about Religious Education which seeks to disconnect itself from the initial proposal brought by the colonizers, needing to rethink this curricular component in the perspective of inter-religious dialog, as affirmed in the article of the LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases Law of Guidelines and Foundations) in the new redaction given by the law 9475/97. However, this research reveals that its implementation in the public schools is still a long path to be walked.

Dans l’hémisphère Nord, les populations de grands herbivores ont connu ces dernières décennies des modifications environnementales majeures, liées d’une part à l’augmentation importante de leur densité, et d’autre part aux changements globaux qui affectent leur habitat (notamment réchauffement climatique, modification des activités humaines, et fragmentation de l’habitat). Mieux comprendre comment ces espèces vont adapter leurs stratégies d’histoire de vie pour répondre à ces modifications est une question majeure de l’écologie des populations, et une étape nécessaire pour pouvoir adapter leur gestion aux enjeux environnementaux et sociétaux actuels. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons étudié quelles étaient les sources de variation des tactiques de survie et de reproduction chez trois espèces de grands herbivores de montagne (l’isard Rupicapra pyreneica, le chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, et le mouflon méditerranéen Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.). A partir de suivis longitudinaux par capture-marquage-recapture (CMR) nous nous sommes plus particulièrement focalisés sur le rôle de l’hétérogénéité individuelle latente, de la variabilité climatique et de la structuration spatiale sur les paramètres démographiques.Ce travail s’est appuyé sur l’utilisation de modèles de mélange et d’une combinaison innovante du robust-design et des modèles multi-événements pour analyser des données démographiques collectées à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. L’hétérogénéité individuelle s’est avérée être une composante majeure de la démographie des 3 espèces étudiées, avec l’identification chez le mouflon et l’isard de femelles aux performances reproductives contrastées, et l’existence chez le chamois de différences de survie entre individus liées à la qualité de l‘habitat occupé. Ces modèles ont aussi permis de révéler une augmentation de l’investissement reproducteur en fin de vie chez les femelles de mouflon au détriment de leur survie et d’étudier chez les femelles d’isard les différentes phases de l’effort reproducteur, de la gestation au sevrage, pour mettre en évidence que seule la lactation a un coût sur la reproduction suivante. Nos résultats ont également mis en exergue le rôle prépondérant du climat hivernal et printanier sur les paramètres démographiques des 3 espèces, tout en confirmant que ces effets sont souvent spécifiques à la population et au site étudiés. Cette étude montre également que l’isard et le mouflon, bien que relativement comparables en termes de taille, de traits écologiques, et de position phylogénétique, adoptent des stratégies d’histoire de vie contrastées.Au final, nos résultats soulignent donc l’importance des études démographiques comparatives à plusieurs niveaux d’organisation (inter-espèces, inter-population, intra-population), pour mieux comprendre le devenir des espèces de grands herbivores face aux perturbations environnementales. / In Northern hemisphere, populations of large herbivores have to cope with major environmental modifications linked to the increase of their density and to global change which strongly impacts their habitat (climate change, modification of human activities and habitat fragmentation). Understanding how these species adjust their life history strategies in response to such modifications is central for population ecology and for management issues. In this context, this work aimed to identify the sources of variation of survival and reproductive tactics in 3 species of mountain ungulate (Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyreneica, Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, and Mediterranean mouflon Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.). Using capture-mark-recapture monitoring we specifically investigated the role of individual heterogeneity, climate change, and spatial heterogeneity in shaping vital rates.This work relied on mixture models and an innovative combination of robust-design into a multi-events framework to explore demographic data collected at different spatio-temporal scales. Fixed heterogeneity appeared as a major demographic component in the 3 studied species by highlighting in mouflon and Pyrenean chamois two groups of females with contrasted reproductive performance, and by providing evidence in chamois of among-females differences in survival rates linked to the quality of their habitat. These models allowed us to provide evidence for the terminal investment hypothesis in female mouflon and to decompose reproductive effort in females of Pyrenean chamois from gestation to weaning, to unveil that lactation only led to cost on subsequent reproduction. Our results also highlighted the major influence of winter and spring climatic conditions on demographic parameters in the 3 studied species, and confirmed the general trend that climate effects are often species- and site-specific. Our findings provided evidence that Pyrenean chamois and mouflon evolved contrasted life history strategies, although both species share strong similarities in terms of body mass, ecological traits and phylogenetic position.Finally, our work stresses the importance of conducting comparative demographic studies, based on longitudinal monitoring of marked individuals, at inter-specific, inter-population and within population levels, to better understand and predict the future of large herbivores populations in the current context of global changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto Alves Loiola.pdf: 713144 bytes, checksum: 9ff29108787e5cc5aced410957d34214 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Los inmigrantes metodistas americanos que llegaron al Brasil a mediados del síglo XIX, en la región de Piracicaba, fueron en su mayoría del sur de los Estados Unidos y, por lo tanto, eran favorables a la esclavitud. Encuentran aquí no solamente una oportunidad para reconstruir sus vidas devastadas por la guerra de secesión (1861 1865), sino que también ven una nueva posibilidad de revivir sus ideas esclavistas en un país en donde la esclavitud aún existía. De esta forma, la presente disertación aborda algunos aspectos importantes de las relaciones con la población inmigrante africano-brasileño, priorizando el período histórico comprendido entre 1867-1930 y tratando de poner de relieve las situaciones históricas en la región de Piracicaba. En un intento de reconstituir el potencial de la libertad de los afro-brasileña,Llamando la atención para las ansias de libertad de los afro-brasileros, su resistencia y lucha por la abolición, la investigación discute también el contexto de transición del país frente al liberalismo emergente en la economía y en la política, lo cual facilitó en muchos aspectos la entrada del protestantismo al país. Con base en lo expuesto, la fundamentación teórica contará con la contribución de autores como Boaventura de Souza Santos, (2006), Frantz Fanon (1968;2008), Abdias do Nascimento (1978), Eugene Genovese (1983), Justus Gonzalez (2007), Antonio Gouveia Mendonça (2009), José Carlos Barbosa (2002), Júlio Chiavenato (1988), Eugene Harter (1985), Peri Mesquida (1994), Judith MacKnight Jones (1967) entre otros. El distanciamiento de la misión metodista con relación a las necesidades de las poblaciones afro-brasileras demuestra que los metodistas orientaron su misión más para sí mismos, como colonia, y posteriormente para las élites. Las poblaciones pobres, incluyendo los afro-brasileros de la región, no fueron contempladas. Esto puede explicar su ausencia en las instituciones metodistas hasta 1930, año en que se da la autonomía de la Iglesia Metodista Episcopal del sur de los Estados Unidos. / Os imigrantes metodistas americanos que chegaram ao Brasil em meados do século XIX na região de Piracicaba, são majoritariamente do sul dos Estados Unidos e, portanto, escravocratas. Encontram aqui não apenas a oportunidade de reconstruírem suas vidas devastadas pela guerra de secessão (1861-1865), como também uma nova possibilidade de reviverem seus ideais escravocratas, num país ainda escravagista. Com efeito, a presente dissertação versa sobre alguns aspectos importantes das relações destes imigrantes com a população afro-brasileira, priorizando o recorte histórico entre 1867-1930 e procurando destacar situações históricas na região de Piracicaba. Na tentativa de reconstituir possíveis anseios de liberdade dos afro-brasileiros, sua resistência e luta pela abolição, a pesquisa discute também o contexto de transição do país em face do liberalismo emergente na economia e na política, o que facilitou em muitos aspectos a inserção do protestantismo. Em face do exposto, a fundamentação teórica será feita a partir de autores como Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006), Frantz Fanon (1968;2008), Abdias do Nascimento (1978), Eugene Genovese(1983), Justus Gonzalez (2007), Antonio Gouveia Mendonça (2008), José Carlos Barbosa (2002), Júlio Chiavenato(1988), Eugene Harter (1985), Peri Mesquida (1994), Judith MacKnigth Jones (1967) entre outros. O distanciamento da missão metodista em relação às necessidades das populações afro-brasileiras demonstra que os metodistas direcionaram sua missão mais para si mesmos, como colônia e posteriormente, para as elites. As populações pobres, incluindo os afro-brasileiros da região, não foram contempladas. Isso pode explicar a ausência destes nas instituições metodistas até 1930 quando da autonomia da Igreja Metodista do Brasil em relação à Igreja Metodista Episcopal do Sul dos Estados Unidos.

[pt] O estudo discorre sobre a situação social e o ethos cultural, em especial do povo negro, na Região Metropolitana do Recife. Apresenta sua configuração histórico-cultural, sua situação social e étnica e a afirmação afro negra nesse contexto afirmação, subsidiando uma compreensão das religões afro (negro)- recifienses e refletindo acerca das questões da causa negra para a pastoral popular. Busca compreender a dança dos orixás no xangú, a melodia dos antepassados na umbanda e no catimbó, e procura ver como os terreiros recifenses, a partir das necessidades e possibilidades dos seus adeptos, têm sincretizado essas tradições de matrizes nagô e bantu entre si e com o catolicismo socialmente predominante. Desenvolve-se então uma pedagogia da inculturação da fé para a pastoral afro (negro) recifense e o diáogo inter-religioso que ela implica. Confrontando as vis�es de sagrado que emergem da cosmogonia afro-brasileira e da protologia cristã, sob a forma de primeiro exercício teológico de aproximação entre esses mundos culturais e religiosos no Recife, procura-se demonstrar que a perspectiva da Criação, relida pela nova epistemologia transdisciplinar, constitui um fundamento seguro e um caminho produtivo para o alargamento do processo de diálogo inter- religioso e de inculturação da experiência d`Aquele que não encontrou tamanha fé em Israel. Utiliza-se, pois, a lógica da complexidade de Basarab Nicolescu para se retomar a teologia da Revelação e, em especial, da Criação de Torres Queiruga e então expandi-la sob impulso desse novo modelo de conhecimento transdisciplinar. Ele pode interpretar e atualizar mais adequadamente aquela dimensão (fundante ou cósmica) da Revelação para o nosso contexto de pluralismo cultural e diálogo religioso, porque permite lidar com a contradição aparente da pluralidade de absolutos, porque nele considera-se a complexidade da realidade e da verdade, exorcizando o princípio soberano da identidade vitoriosa sobre a diferença, acolhendo o paradoxo para além do princípio de não-contradição e, sobretudo, servindo o outro: enquanto revelador grito do oprimido que inspira a criatividade amorosa, este deve ser o princípio originante da fé - e da razão. é o terceiro que, incluído, pode permitir uma sinfonia dos dois mundos, como sonhava Dom Hélder, para além da exclusão e da violência. Essa compreensão do sagrado é que pode reunir cristãos e xangozeiros, pode permitir a redescoberta da identidade cristã na relação com expressões distintas dentro da riqueza multiforme da verdade transcendente (o Deus criador é anterior e exterior a nós todos e a todas as nossas expressões religiosas). Assim, percebe-se que a verdade cristã, experimentada por nós como única e universal, é uma contribuição absolutamente importante que não anula a experiência também absolutamente importante que outras formas de fé religiosa testemunham. Aprende-se então lidar com o paradoxo da pluralidade de absolutos, de unicidades e de universalidades. / [fr] Cette étude parle de la situation sociale et du ethos culturel, spécialement du peuple noir de la Région Métropolitaine de Recife. Elle présente sa configuration historique-culturelle, sa situation sociale et éthnique et, dans ce contexte, son affirmation noire-africaine. Elle donne une compréhension des réligions d inspiration noire-africaine tout en réfléchissant sur les questions de la cause noire pour le christianisme. Elle cherche à comprendre la danse des orixás au xangô, la mélodie des ancêtres à l umbanda et au catimbó, et cherche à montrer comment les terreiros de Recife syncrétisent ces radiditions d inspiration nagô e bantu entre elles et avec le catholicisme socialement prédominant, à partir des besoins et des possibilités de ses adeptes. Il se developpe alors, une pédagogie de l inculturation de la foi pour la pastoral afro (noir) de Recife et le dialogue inter-religieux qu elle implique. Quand on met face à face les visions de sacré qui émergent de la cosmogonie afro-brésilienne et de la protologie chrétienne, sous la forme de premier exercice d approche théologique entre ces mondes culturels et religieux de Recife, on peut démontrer que la perspective de la Création, relue par la nouvelle épistémologie transdisciplinaire, constitue une base solide et un chemin productif pour l élargissement du processus de dialogue inter-religieux et de inculturation de l expérience de CELUI qui n a pas rencontré une telle fois en Israël. On utilize, donc, la logique de la complexilité de Basarab Nicolescu pour reprendre la théologie de la Révélation et, surtout, de la Créaction de Torres Queiruga, pour l agrandir sous l elan de ce nouveau modèle de connaissance transdisciplinaire. Ceci peut nous aider à interpreter et mettre à jour plus convenablement la dimension (fondatrice ou cosmique) de la Révélation dans notre contexte de pluralisme culturel et de dialogue réligieux, parce qu il permet de mieux confronter la contradiction aparante de la plurilité des absolus. En effet, il rend compte de la complexité de la réalité et de la verité, en exorcisant le principe souverain de l identité triomphante sur toute différence, considérant en plus le paradoxe du principe de non-contradiction et surtout en se mettant au service de l Autre: le cri revelateur de l oprimé qui inspire la créactivité amoureuse, qui est le principe originaire de la foi - et de la raison. C est le troisième qui, inclu, peut permettre une symphonie des deux mondes, tel que le revait Dom Hélder. Cette compréhension du sacré peut réunir chrétiens et xangozeiros, elle peut permettre de découvrir l dentité chrétienne dans la relation avec d autres expressions à l interieur de la richesse multiforme de la vérité transcendente (le Dieu créateur est antérieur et extérieur à nous tous et à toutes nos expressions réligieuses). Ainsi, on se rend compte que la vérité chrétienne, que nous éprouvons en tant que foi unique et universelle, est une contribution absolument importante qui n anule pas l expérience d autant important que d autres formes de foi religieuse en témoigne. On aprend alors à confronter le paradoxe de la pluralité des absolus, des unicités et des universalités.