[pt] Esta dissertação aborda o impacto do fluxo de refugiados de guerra na segurança dos Estados anfitriões. Tal impacto foi investigado por meio de revisão bibliográfica das principais contribuições teóricas sobre a questão, e do estudo de caso da região dos Grandes Lagos, localizada na África Central. Tomando como objeto referencial de segurança os governos de tais Estados, identificou-se que tais fluxos podem representar uma ameaça econômica, política e/ou cultural, o que irá variar de acordo com o contexto específico de cada Estado. Verificou-se ainda que as questões relativas aos refugiados geram uma interdependência entre os Estados da região estudada no que se refere às suas considerações de segurança, identificando-se portanto uma dinâmica regionalista. / [en] This dissertation concerns the impact of the refugees flows on the security of the host State. Such impact was investigated through bibliographic research and the study of case of the Big Lake region, located in Central Africa. Taking as referencial the security of the governements of this States, the analysis identified that such fluxes could configures an economic, political and/or cultural threat, depending of the specific context of each State. It was also identified that the issues related with refugees generate an interdependence between the States of the region in their concerns about security, showing an regionalist dynamics.

Cette thèse porte sur un dispositif de traitement clinique de la précarité : le Carrefour Santé Mentale Précarité du Centre Psychothérapique de l’Ain. Ce dispositif, créé dans le cadre des politiques publiques d’accès à la prévention et aux soins (article 71 de la loi du 29 juillet 1998 d’orientation relative à la lutte contre les exclusions), met en réseau des professionnels de la santé mentale (travailleurs sociaux, infirmiers, psychiatres, psychologues, cadres infirmiers) qui partagent le même souci de se tenir au chevet d’individus présentant un mal-être psychique en lien avec une impossibilité, récente ou plus ancienne, de s’affirmer sujet de leur propre vie. A partir de l’analyse des pratiques - d’accueil, de prise en charge, d’accompagnement, d’orientation - de ces cliniciens de la précarité ainsi que de l’analyse des modalités de cadrage de ces pratiques - organisation des activités, corpus doctrinaux de référence, modalités d’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles -, il s’agit de comprendre, d’une part, comment se reconfigurent les dispositifs de protection issus des nouvelles politiques de l’Etat social actif concernant la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale et, d’autre part, comment se transforment les processus d’individuation qui sous-tendent ces pratiques et dispositifs.La thèse met en évidence l’émergence de collectifs d’intervention qui, par un travail de reconnaissance du parcours de vulnérabilité des personnes en situation de précarité, engagent une pratique spécifique de soin qui relève du care. A partir de la clinique psychosociale de la perte des attachements de la personne, l’enjeu consiste à maintenir et/ou réparer la sociabilité des personnes en situation de précarité. Les cliniciens de la précarité développent une pratique que nous pourrions qualifier d’écologique dans le sens où ce qui constitue l’adresse du lien à étayer n’est déterminé que par l’individu lui-même en lien avec tout ce qui le relie au monde. Son corps, sa subjectivité et l’ensemble des êtres et objets présents dans son environnement (famille, culture, travail, droits, santé, argent, etc.) forment les principaux supports de l’intervention. Pour connaître ce par quoi la personne en souffrance tient et se tient dans la société, les cliniciens se mobilisent en réseau, partagent la connaissance qu’ils ont de la personne et, ce faisant, se font collectivement ethnographes de ses attachements, quitte à mobiliser dans cette ethnographie personnalisée tous les corpus doctrinaux ressources et toutes les épistémologies (sociologie, anthropologie, psychologie, médecine, santé publique, économie, philosophie, etc.) leur permettant de mieux situer/comprendre ces attachements. A travers cette clinique en réseau, les cliniciens tentent de maintenir une forme collective de solidarité thérapeutique où les bénéficiaires de l’intervention ne sont plus tant considérés comme autonomes et abstraits qu’interdépendants et concrets. La description analytique détaillée de cette nouvelle forme de traitement clinique nous permet de montrer comment les politiques de santé mentale au front de l’exclusion ne peuvent plus être interprétées seulement en termes de prestations sociales et d’offres de soin qu’il s’agirait de redistribuer en contrepartie de l’activation des individus, mais plutôt comment elles correspondent aussi, du fait de l’engagement de certains cliniciens, à de nouvelles manières de penser et d’assurer le maintien de ces individus en reconnaissant à la fois leurs droits et les multiples formes d’attachements qui les relient au monde. / This thesis concerns an instrument for the clinical treatment of social vulnerability known as the “Mental Health and Social Vulnerability Crossover Tool”. Based at the Ain Psychiatric Hospital, this instrument, set up under the framework of government policy on access to prevention and health care services (article 71 of the French law dated 29 July 1998 on guidelines for social exclusion management), is composed of a network of mental health professionals (social workers, nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, health managers) who share the same desire to support individuals with psychological suffering resulting from a recent, or more distant, inability to assert themselves as subjects of their own life. An analysis of the practices (reception, assistance, support, counseling, referral) adopted by these clinicians as well as an analysis of how their practices are formalized (organization of activities, reference bodies of doctrine, methods for assessing professional practices) will be used to examine two issues: how both protection systems resulting from the enabling State’s new policies to fight social exclusion, and the underlying individuation processes are transformed.This thesis highlights the emergence of collectives of action who work to recognize the paths of people in social vulnerable situations, employing a very specific clinical practice which falls into the realm of care. The aim was to maintain and/or recover the sociability of persons in socially vulnerable situations based on the psychosocial approach of the loss of attachments. Clinicians have developed what can be qualified as ecological practice, in that the benefit of the link to be reinforced is determined by the individual themselves, in relation to all the supports which connect them to the world. Their body, its subjectivity and all the beings and objects present in their environment (family, culture, work, rights, health, money, etc.) form the basis for this intervention. In order to find out what binds the person in difficulty to and gives them a place in society, the clinicians work as a network, sharing their knowledge of the person and, in doing so, act as ethnographers of the person's attachments, using all the reference bodies of doctrine and epistemologies (sociology, anthropology, psychology, medicine, public health, economy, philosophy etc.) to better situate/understand these attachments. This clinical practice in a network helps clinicians to preserve a form of collective therapeutic solidarity in which the beneficiaries of the intervention are no longer considered as independent and abstract but rather interdependent and concrete.A detailed analytical description of this new form of clinical treatment will allow us to show how mental health policies at the forefront of the fight against exclusion cannot be interpreted purely in terms of social services and care provision, redistributed in exchange for the activation of individuals. They must also be considered in terms of how they also correspond - thanks to the work of convinced clinicians - to new ways of thinking and to ensuring the preservation of these individuals, both by recognizing their rights and the multiple attachments that connect them to the world.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Michael F. Perl / It has long been believed that how well one reads and writes in his/her first language will help a learner when trying to read and write in a second language. In an attempt to explore this issue more thoroughly, the researcher administered the Spanish Idea Proficiency Test (IPT) and the English Idea Proficiency Test form 3B, along with a questionnaire obtaining specific demographic data (first semester second language grade, grade point average, gender, grade in school, number of semesters studied the second/foreign language, and the number of languages the student had studied) to 96 Kansas high school students (48 Native Spanish speakers learning English in an English as a second language environment; 48 Native English speakers learning Spanish in a foreign language setting). First, the researcher wanted to determine if first language literacy skills, along with demographic data, predicted second language proficiency scores. Using the 5 reading subscales and the 3 writing subscales from the IPT, as well as the 6 variables from the demographic data, a multiple linear regression was run, along with regressions for each subgroup. It was determined that the 14 variables accounted for 83% of the variance. Second, the researcher wanted to determine the nature of the relationship between first language literacy skills and second language literacy skills. To this end, several Pearson’s r were figured. While a negative relationship for the first and second language proficiency scores was found, a slight positive relationship was found between the first and second language scores for the two subgroups. Additionally, a significantly positive relationship was found for first and second language reading and writing proficiency scores for the native Spanish speakers. Also, a significant positive relationship was found for first semester second language grade and second language reading scores for native English speakers. Third, the researcher wanted to determine if there was a difference between the two subgroups’ second language proficiency scores when controlling for the length of time studied. When an ANCOVA was conducted, there was found to a significant difference between the proficiency scores of the two subgroups, with the native Spanish speakers having a higher mean.

De récents travaux ont amorcé l’exploration des formes sociales de l’expérience optimale (i.e. group flow et team flow). Toutefois, la connaissance que l’on a de ces processus et des manières de les identifier reste très limitée. Ce travail de thèse visait d’une part à définir le team flow et à en isoler les dimensions conceptuelles, et d’autre part, à élaborer une nouvelle méthode d’observation visant à détecter les différentes formes de flow grâce aux comportements des joueurs et à l’enregistrement des parties de jeu. Dans cette perspective, trois études ont été menés sur différents jeux coopératifs (League of Legends, Resident Evil 5…) et ont révélé : 1) que le team flow est un phénomène qualitativement différent de la forme individuelle du flow et présente donc des dimensions conceptuelles qui lui sont spécifiques ; 2) que l’interdépendance positive et les modèles mentaux partagés semblent jouer un rôle majeur dans l’émergence du team flow. L’interdépendance permet de lier les joueurs dans l’action et de les orienter dans une direction commune. Les modèles mentaux semblent permettre aux joueurs de construire un cadre d’organisation partagé qui favorise l’émergence d’une coopération efficace et fluide ; 3) que le flow, le team flow et le group flow sont des états mentaux qu’il semble possible de détecter en observant le comportement des joueurs et leurs actions dans le jeu. Considérées dans leur ensemble, ces études ont permis de mieux cerner le fonctionnement de l’expérience optimale de coopération, sa singularité face à la version individuelle du flow, ainsi que des pistes pour identifier ces états mentaux en temps réel. Après avoir discuté les principaux résultats de cette thèse, nous suggérons des perspectives de recherches et d’applications dépassant le cadre du jeu vidéo / Recent studies have explored social forms of the optimal experience (i.e. group flow and team flow). However, knowledge about these processes and ways to identify them, is very limited. Therefore, the present thesis aims, first, to define the team flow and its conceptual dimensions, and second, to create a new method to detect the different forms of flow through observation of players’ behavior and game replays. In this vein, three studies were carried out on different cooperative games (League of Legends, Resident Evil 5…) and revealed that: 1) team flow is a phenomenon qualitatively different from individual flow and therefore posseses unique conceptual dimensions; 2) positive interdependence and shared mental models seem to play a major role in the emergence of team flow. Positive interdependence links players in action and points them in a common direction. Mental models appear to allow players to build a shared organizational framework that promotes the emergence of an effective and smooth cooperation; 3) flow, team flow and group flow are mental states that seem to be possibly detectable by observing players’ behavior and their actions in the game. The joint outcomes of these studies help to define the optimum cooperative experience, its functioning, its specific characteristics compared to the individual version of flow, as well as ways to identify these mental states in real time. After discussing the main results of this thesis, we suggest research perspectives and applications beyond the scope of gaming.

Com base em três modelos de mobilidade MapBasedMovement, RandomWayPoint e RandomWalk presentes no simulador The One, sugerimos e discutimos vários modelos es- tocásticos para mobilidade. Primeiramente, a dinâmica das unidades móveis é reduzida a um processo chamado grafo dinâmico, de forma que a configuração espacial das unidades móveis em cada instante de tempo está resumida em um grafo. Os vértices desse grafo são unidades móveis e não mudam conforme o tempo: consideramos um sistema fechado, as unidades não desaparecem e não aparecem novas. O elo entre duas unidades (vértices) em um instante de tempo significa um contato neste instante (a distância entre as unidades é menor que um raio de contato), assim o conjunto de elos muda durante a evolução do sistema. Em seguida, modelamos a evolução do grafo dinâmico como um conjunto de pro- cessos aleatórios binários de forma que cada componente do processo está associada com um par de unidades móveis indicando presença ou ausência de contato entre elas. Três componentes principais constroem o processo: (i) distribuição de tempo de intercontato, (ii) distribuição de tempo de contato, e (iii) independência/interação entre as unidades. Nesta Tese mostramos teoricamente e através de simulações como escolher todos os três componentes para três modelos de mobilidade mencionados acima na situação de baixa densidade de unidades móveis, chamado DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). Considerar a modelagem da mobilidade desse ponto de vista é novo e não existe na literatura, até onde sabemos. Existe uma discussão na literatura sobre o tempo de intercontato, mas não conhecemos os resultados e discussão sobre a distribuição do tempo de contato e a interdependência de processos de contatos. / Based on three mobility models MapBasedMovement, RandomWayPoint and Ran- domWalk present on The One Simulator we suggest and discuss various stochastic mo- dels for mobility. First the dynamics of mobile units is reduced to process called dynamic graph, so that the spatial configuration of mobile units in every moment of time is sum- med up in a graph. The vertices of this graph are mobile units and do not change with the time: consider a closed system, the units dont disappear and not appear new. The link between two units (vertices) in an instant of time means a contact right now (dis- tance between the units is less that the radius contact). So the set of links changes during the system evolution. As a second step, the evolution of dynamic graph model as a set of random processes. Each process component is associated with a pair of mobile units indicating presence or absence of contact between them. Three major components build process: (i) distribution of intercontact time , (ii) distribution of contact time, and (iii) Independence interaction between units. In this work we show theoretically and by si- mulation how to choose all three components for three mobility models mentioned above on the situation of low density of mobile units, called DTNs (Delay Tolerant Networks). Consider the mobility modeling from that point of view is new and does not exist in the literature for our knowledge. There is a discussion in the literature about the intercontact time, but we dont know the results and discussion on the distribution of contact time and the interdependence of contact process.

No description available.

Collaborative planning is an often-debated approach in conjunction with attaining more sustainable cities. Many models were theorized to help implement a more collaborative planning process, such as when municipalities employ densification to grow the city sustainably. However, not all planning processes that are collaborative are also rational. Hence, this thesis is interested in comprehending Västerås Municipality’s planning process through performing a case study regarding DP-1858. To that end, this thesis will follow Innes & Booher (2018) Collaborative rationality theory and use its DIAD model as a lens to understand the positions of the stakeholders involved in the DP-1858 case. In the same vein, to probe for how the collaborative planning process regarding DP-1858 resonates with the DIAD model of Collaborative rationality.Nevertheless, the reaction of the Hammarby-residents raises the need for framing to understand if a concept such as insurgent citizenship is sensible to norms. Thus, it is essential to know how insurgent citizenship manifests itself in a Swedish context. The method used to collect primary data was semi-structured interviews with elite respondents. Among other conclusions, this study found enough evidence suggesting that the planning process in conjunction with DP-1858, even though having embedded collaborative mechanisms, has critical shortcomings when contrasted with the collaborative rationality DIAD model. In the same vein, insurgent citizenship can occur even when laws were respected while norms were not.

Ein im Kupolofen erschmolzenes Eisen hat einen höheren Schwefelgehalt, als ein im Induktionsofen hergestelltes Eisen. Ist eine weitere Verwendung für die Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Vermikulargraphit vorgesehen, muss entschwefelt werden. Das Entschwefeln von Gusseisenschmelzen in Zielkorridore ist anspruchsvoll, da die Prozessgrenzen insbesondere bei der Herstellung des Werkstoffs Gusseisen mit Vermikulargraphit äußerst eng sind. Hier können eine zu starke Entschwefelung, und damit ein zu hoher Anstieg des Magnesiumgehaltes in der Schmelze vor der GJV-Behandlung, die Herstellung eines Gussteils aus GJV unmöglich machen. Allein die Kenntnis der absoluten Schwefel- und Magnesiumgehalte ist nicht ausreichend. Die zusätzliche Kenntnis der Sauerstoffaktivität bringt weitere Erkenntnisse. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die metallurgischen Wirkungsweisen der Elemente Schwefel, Magnesium und Sauerstoff während einer Entschwefelung so weit wie möglich zu quantifizieren und folglich Zusammenhänge herauszustellen und nachzuweisen. Zur Anwendung kamen hierbei insbesondere die Sauerstoffaktivitätsmessung und die thermische Analyse.

This research examines the multi-vectored nature of Belarusian foreign policy since 1996 when Alexander Lukashenka solidified his regime in Belarus until today. The trends in Belarusian foreign policy are analyzed through the scope of interdependency and its intricate interplay with Belarusian national identity, or in other words, how President Lukashenka understands and interprets the Belarusian people. Since the early 2000s, it appeared that Belarus changed its foreign policy in an attempt to become less dependent on Russia and more open to working with new partners. Officially, Lukashenka has consistently maintained a multi-vector approach to Belarusian foreign policy and also in practice, despite intermittent speculation that Belarus might drastically change the dynamics of its foreign policy. Decreasing dependence is not motivation enough to completely alter perceived stability and a reluctance for change among the Belarusian people. Lukashenka uses the flexibility of his foreign policy to try to extract some benefits from global partners; however, the status quo of Lukashenka's foreign policies continues to remain intact. Keywords Belarus, President Alexander Lukashenka, Multi-vector, multipolar, foreign policy, interdependence, national identity, dependence

The aim of this thesis is to investigate gas interdependence for political relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. Despite of the fact that relations in the gas sphere still have particular importance for both parties, after the Ukrainian crisis, sanctions and counter-sanctions applied, they have reached the lowest point of cooperation since the end of the Cold War. This thesis is based on the interdependence model of international relations theory, asymmetries in sensitivity and vulnerability of the EU and Russia were connected to their strategies as part of the political power play. Therefore, conflict situation, high level of sensitivity and vulnerability, and interest in finding alternatives of both parties lead to the situation of 'negative interdependence'. In this context, this kind of interdependence where partners would rather avoid relations logically pushes the EU and Russia apart and stimulates reconsideration of their relationship in gas sphere.