本研究目的在探討在雙方偏好相異的媒體娛樂情境中，人際關係類型和情境因素如何影響個人的選擇以及預期娛樂感，且背後的心理機制為何。本研究規劃三個系列實驗，從不同的媒體娛樂情境（一起收看談話性節目、去電影院觀賞藝術電影）來探討進行。 本研究從人際互賴理論（Kelley et al., 2003）中的互賴困境來概念化雙方偏好相異的決策情境，並根據依附理論提出，兩人之間的關係類型可能透過關係中的依附安全感影響個人決策的利關係程度，再影響預期娛樂感。其中，利關係決策傾向透過提高彼此之間的連結感之心理機制，來影響預期娛樂感。而雙方對於「媒體娛樂內容好惡相反與否」可能調節關係類型對於個人決策利關係程度的影響，進而影響後續的預期娛樂感。 三個實驗結果發現，當雙方對於媒體娛樂內容好惡相反時，個人做出利關係程度愈高的決策，並不會產生愈高的預期娛樂感。只有在特定的條件之下，也就是當雙方對於媒體娛樂內容好惡接近時，個人做出利關係程度愈高的選擇，會因為感覺該媒體娛樂可以提高雙方的連結感，因而產生愈高的預期娛樂感。 根據上述的研究結果，本研究提出「條件利他媒體娛樂模式」，來說明人際之間的關係類型和「媒體娛樂內容好惡相反與否」之情境因素，會交互影響個人在情境中做出決策的利關係程度，並透過提高彼此之間連結感機制，來影響後續的預期娛樂感。 / This study explores how dyadic relationship types and media content influence personal selection and anticipated enjoyment in dyadic preference conflict situation, and the underlying mechanism. This study conducted a series of experiments in the laboratory to investigate the dilemma from different media entertaining scenarios. This study conceptualized the dilemma situation from Interdependence theory (Kelley et al., 2003), and using attachment theories to propose that dyadic relationship types may influence the pro-relationship level of personal decision through sense of attachment in the relationship. And the pro-relationship level of personal decision may influence subsequent anticipated enjoyment through enhancing connectedness between each other. Moreover, dyadic preference conflict may moderate the influence of relationship types on the pro-relationship level of personal decision, and subsequent anticipated enjoyment. The results revealed that when dyadic preference is conflicted, making more pro-relationship decision doesn’t produce more positive anticipated enjoyment. Only in the conditional which dyadic preference is closer, making more pro-relationship decision produces more positive anticipated enjoyment because of enhancing their connectedness. The study proposed one new model called “The Conditional Prosocial Enjoyment Model” to explain how dyadic relationship types interact with preference conflict to influence personal selection of media content, and subsequent anticipated enjoyment thought interpersonal connectedness.

Dans le cadre de l’analyse des crises financières au sein des pays émergents, de nombreux travaux sont venus expliquer l’occurrence de ce genre de phénomènes. Pourtant, des faits nouveaux se manifestent sans pour autant s’inscrire dans les recherches déjà proposées (Brésil, Corée du Sud et pays d’Europe centrale et orientale principalement). En référence à cette littérature, la thèse pose en retour la question de l’incidence de la contagion financière sur la dégradation des fondamentaux macroéconomiques et macro-financiers de pays émergents susceptibles d’être initialement considérés comme « robustes ». La réponse passe par la mise en évidence des principales composantes des crises financières pour en extraire les limites face à l’hypothèse soulevée. La description des stratégies de rattrapage économique, par l’intégration au marché financier international, est à l’origine des vulnérabilités potentielles dans les effets de contagion. La structure instable de l’endettement international, à l’aide de l’Hypothèse d’Instabilité Financière de Minsky (1974), va offrir les éléments théoriques nécessaires à la modélisation des faits empiriques. Les premières générations de crises de change viendront conceptualiser la fuite des capitaux en attribuant la responsabilité de la contraction de la liquidité au reste du monde. Dans la transition qu’ils opèrent actuellement en vue de leur adhésion à l’UEM, les PECO ne peuvent être considérés comme étant à l’abri de la survenance de crises financières, et ce même s’ils bénéficient des impacts stabilisateurs favorables liés à leur appartenance à l’UE. Mais disposent-ils alors des facteurs de robustesse macroéconomique et macro-financière s / As part of the analysis of financial crises in emerging countries, many studies have come to explain the occurrence of such phenomena. However, developments occur without enrolling in research already available (Brazil, South Korea and countries in Central and Eastern Europe mainly). In reference to this literature, the thesis in turn raises the question of the impact of financial contagion on the degradation of macro-economic fundamentals and emerging countries' financial might initially be regarded as "robust." The answer lies in the identification of key components of financial crises to extract the limits against the hypothesis raised. The description of the strategies of economic recovery, by the international financial market integration, is the source of potential vulnerabilities in the contagion. The unstable structure of international debt, with the financial instability hypothesis of Minsky (1974), will provide the theoretical elements necessary for modeling of empirical facts. The first generation of currency crises will conceptualize capital flight by assigning responsibility for the liquidity squeeze in the world. In the transition they currently operate with a view to joining EMU, the Central and Eastern Europe countries cannot be considered safe from the occurrence of financial crises, even if they have favorable impacts associated with stabilizers membership in the EU. But then they have robust macroeconomic factors and macro-financial enough to ward off the economic impact of any pressure by contagion? The empirical part of the thesis should answer the question through analytical and econometric modeling

South Africa has embarked on a journey of transformation since 1994. The ruling ANC has introduced many policies aimed at achieving equality, known as "black empowerment". The `empowerment' of black women professionals is especially critical in the transformation era. Empowerment is defined as a process, which "involves individuals gaining control of their lives and fulfilling their needs, …as a result of developing the competencies, skills, and abilities necessary to effectively participate in their social and political worlds" (Kreisberg, 1992:19). From this perspective, empowerment is the essential expression of individualism and self-determination since it embodies the belief that the individual has the ability to effect changes and improve their lives. This individually oriented definition presupposes the importance of constructing one's `self' as unitary and independent. The `unitary self' is a support of the logic of the `Same', which entails the exclusion of otherness and difference. In contrast to this approach, the postmodern theory of Julia Kristeva, with its inherent suspicion of doctrines of pure origins and essences, is corrosive of discourses such as `empowerment' that are developed according to the logic of the Same. Kristeva proposes a subject which is always already `in process'. Identity is a constructed process, rather than a fundamental essence. The Oedipal model, extracted from the Kristevan theory of subjectivity, shows how the nine professional women who partook in this study constructed their selves by placing equality and difference in an antithetical relationship. However, a deconstruction of the Oedipal model opens the construct up to its blind spots and, these subjects are shown to base their identities on the splitting off of their feminine capabilities. Instead of being `unitary self', the subjects are subjects-in-process, and they operate both across and within the competing discourses of traditional femininity and masculinity. As a possible alternative to the positivist paradigm of `empowerment', a Kristevan `herethics' is considered. In South Africa, this is exemplified by the `ubuntu' principle, which entails the recognition of our interdependence. Finally, in order to assist these professional women to embrace the alterity within, whilst competing in a constantly changing and intellectually challenging world, life skills coaching which focuses on the often repressed, emotional aspects, is recommended. / Psychology / D.Litt et Phil. (Psychology)

Submitted by MARCELA FRANZONI null (marcelafranzoni32@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-26T17:51:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.FRANZONI.Arquivo.pdf: 751967 bytes, checksum: ad47e25ef9e84a2d447c7d114f820008 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-03-26T20:09:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franzoni_m_me_mar.pdf: 751967 bytes, checksum: ad47e25ef9e84a2d447c7d114f820008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T20:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franzoni_m_me_mar.pdf: 751967 bytes, checksum: ad47e25ef9e84a2d447c7d114f820008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A dissertação analisa o alcance limitado dos mecanismos de cooperação com a América Latina em que o México investiu nos primeiros anos do século XXI, em especial a Comunidade de Estados Latino-americanos e Caribenhos e a Aliança do Pacífico. A relação dual com os Estados Unidos, de dependência e interdependência, limita as possibilidades de inserção externa do México, em especial de utilizar os vínculos potenciais com a América Latina como um contrapeso à presença avassaladora do grande vizinho do norte. As possibilidades de que o México incremente a sua autonomia por essa via são restritas, já que essas iniciativas seguem pouco formalizadas e com limitada capacidade de dinamizar seu comércio externo. Contudo, as relações de interdependência com os Estados Unidos permitem ao país explorar a magnitude dos vínculos econômicos e sociais estabelecidos, conseguindo criar espaços para avançar determinadas políticas. Essa dicotomia explica, por exemplo, por que o México não conseguiu avançar uma política migratória com os EUA, mas não aceitou negociar a questão petroleira no TLCAN, no início dos anos 1990. As iniciativas dos anos 2000 procuraram responder a quatro incentivos conjunturais e estruturais: a frustração nas relações com os Estados Unidos, a ascensão econômica da China, os efeitos da crise econômica-financeira de 2008-2009 no México e as relações com a América Latina. Apesar de ter sido uma tentativa de expandir as suas parcerias internacionais, elas não implicaram em uma revisão da estratégia de inserção internacional do México, que continuou privilegiando suas relações com os Estados Unidos. Em momentos de instabilidade nas relações bilaterais, o governo do México insiste na necessidade de diversificar as relações econômicas internacionais do país, o que se tornou um objetivo retórico. Concluímos que a política externa mexicana procura incrementar a sua autonomia a partir do reforço das relações de interdependência, já que qualquer outra possibilidade implicaria uma revisão na sua estratégia de inserção internacional e no seu modelo de desenvolvimento econômico. / The dissertation analyzes the limited scope of the cooperation mechanisms with Latin America in which Mexico invested in the first years of the 21st century, especially the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Pacific Alliance. The dual relationship with the United States, of dependence and interdependence, limits Mexico's possibilities of foreign policy, especially of using potential ties with Latin America as a counterweight to the overwhelming presence of the great northern neighbor. The possibilities for Mexico to increase its autonomy in this way are restricted, since these initiatives are not very formalized and have limited capacity to boost their foreign trade. However, relations of interdependence with the United States allow the country to exploit the magnitude of established economic and social bonds and create spaces to advance certain policies. This dichotomy explains, for example, why Mexico failed to advance a migration policy with the US but did not agree to negotiate the petroleum issue in NAFTA in the early 1990s. The initiatives of the 2000s sought to respond to four cyclical and structural incentives : frustration in relations with the United States, China's economic rise, the effects of the 2008-2009 economic- financial crisis in Mexico and relations with Latin America. Although it was an attempt to expand their international partnerships, they did not imply a revision of Mexico's international insertion strategy, which continued to favor its relations with the United States. In times of instability in bilateral relations, the Mexican government insists on the need to diversify the country's international economic relations, which has become a rhetorical goal. We conclude that Mexican foreign policy seeks to increase its autonomy by strengthening relations of interdependence, since any other possibility would imply a revision in its strategy of international insertion and in its model of economic development. / La disertación analiza el alcance limitado de los mecanismos de cooperación con América Latina en que México invirtió en los primeros años del siglo XXI, en especial la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños y la Alianza del Pacífico. La relación dual con Estados Unidos, de dependencia e interdependencia, limita las posibilidades de inserción externa de México, en especial de utilizar los vínculos potenciales con América Latina como un contrapeso a la presencia avasalladora del gran vecino del norte. Las posibilidades de que México incremente su autonomía por esa vía son restringidas, ya que esas iniciativas siguen poco formalizadas y con limitada capacidad de dinamizar su comercio exterior. Sin embargo, las relaciones de interdependencia con Estados Unidos permiten al país explotar la magnitud de los vínculos económicos y sociales establecidos, logrando crear espacios para avanzar determinadas políticas. Esta dicotomía explica, por ejemplo, por qué México no logró avanzar una política migratoria con Estados Unidos, pero no aceptó negociar la cuestión del petróleo en el TLCAN a principios de los años 1990. Las iniciativas de los años 2000 buscaban responder a cuatro incentivos de coyuntura y estructurales: la frustración en las relaciones con Estados Unidos, el ascenso económico de China, los efectos de la crisis económico-financiera de 2008-2009 en México y las relaciones con América Latina. A pesar de haber sido un intento de expandir sus alianzas internacionales, no implicaron una revisión de la estrategia de inserción internacional de México, que continuó privilegiando sus relaciones con Estados Unidos. En momentos de inestabilidad en las relaciones bilaterales, el gobierno de México insiste en la necesidad de diversificar las relaciones económicas internacionales del país, lo que se ha convertido en un objetivo retórico. Concluimos que la política exterior mexicana procura incrementar su autonomía a partir del refuerzo de las relaciones de interdependencia, ya que cualquier otra posibilidad implicaría una revisión en su estrategia de inserción internacional y en su modelo de desarrollo económico.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MatheusJCRD.pdf: 8164370 bytes, checksum: 41f511c06d1cf35f3a26af93806d4f33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Confirming the Brazilian tendency in the field, the multifamily vertical condominium habitats in Natal are defined as buildings with three or more floors which have been an increasingly used solution. In the mentioned project, the connection between the projectarchitects and the user/ buyers are spread out, by which the first people conceive the realestate property as a creation for the market and not the individual client in specific. Such situation along with technical and financial limitations of the project lead to the adoption of standard solutions to be utilized by clients with different profiles. Besides that, there are various legal and urban parameters by the City Director Plan showing elements of great influence in the final solution adopted by the mentioned edifices. Moving to this subject in general, this project is focused on the case study of the Ed. Ville de Montpellier, having as a base of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), considered an efficient tool to analyze and keep up with the progress of the construction of the building, including technical approvals, the application of surveys with the local residents and the creation of informal interviews. The data shows that with time some items that initially motivated the acquisition of the realestate property (with a social common area) move to being less valued, and that the residents quickly alter the pre constructed space, thus seeking to alter the property in a more personal and conforming manner. The possibility of a new emphasis for projects on the mentioned space should also be in discussion, the created project calls for the attention of projected conceptual aspects and interdependence within project and construction which permits the indication of some recommendations for the projection of multifamily residential buildings within the studied realm / Confirmando tend?ncia brasileira na ?rea, em Natal, a habita??o em condom?nios verticais multifamiliares, constitu?dos por edif?cios com mais de tr?s pavimentos, tem sido uma solu??o crescentemente utilizada. Nesse tipo de projeto, no entanto, a liga??o entre os arquitetosprojetistas e os usu?rios/compradores ? difusa, pois os primeiros concebem o im?vel tendo em vista uma demanda de mercado e n?o um cliente espec?fico. Tal situa??o, aliada ?s limita??es t?cnicas e financeiras do empreendimento, conduz ? ado??o de solu??es standard a serem utilizadas por clientes de perfis diferentes. Al?m disso, os v?rios par?metros urban?sticos e legais definidos pelo Plano Diretor da cidade mostramse elementos de grande influ?ncia na solu??o final adotada para essas edifica??es. Partindo desse quadro geral, esse trabalho realiza o estudo de caso do Ed. Ville de Montpellier, tendo como base a avalia??o p?socupa??o (APO), considerada eficiente ferramenta para an?lise e acompanhamento do desempenho edil?cio. No trabalho, de cunho qualitativo descritivo, foram utilizados multim?todos envolvendo: an?lise de documentos relacionados ao pr?dio em quest?o, vistoria t?cnica, aplica??o de question?rios com moradores e realiza??o de entrevistas informais. Os dados mostram que, com o tempo, alguns itens que inicialmente motivaram a aquisi??o do im?vel (como a ?rea social comum) passam a ser menos valorizados, e que rapidamente os moradores alteram o espa?o padronizado, buscando adequ?lo aos seus desejos e necessidades. Discutindo a possibilidade de novo enfoque para projetos arquitet?nicos nesta ?rea, o trabalho chama a aten??o para aspectos de concep??o projetual e a interdepend?ncia entre projeto e obra, e permite a indica??o de algumas recomenda??es para a projeta??o de edif?cios residenciais multifamiliares na realidade estudada

Submitted by ALCIDES PEGORER JUNIOR (alcidespegorer@gmail.com) on 2013-04-16T15:37:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alcides Pegorer Junior.pdf: 1016013 bytes, checksum: c4d1c2ce34f4dad11581376e15e491ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-04-25T16:09:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alcides Pegorer Junior.pdf: 1016013 bytes, checksum: c4d1c2ce34f4dad11581376e15e491ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-04-26T14:49:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alcides Pegorer Junior.pdf: 1016013 bytes, checksum: c4d1c2ce34f4dad11581376e15e491ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-26T14:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Alcides Pegorer Junior.pdf: 1016013 bytes, checksum: c4d1c2ce34f4dad11581376e15e491ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / In the context of a very competitive market, having teams very well prepared and properly allocated is critical to the survival of businesses. This study aims to identify the repercussion on customer satisfaction and results of companies, from the knowledge of the people working on the front line of these companies, those professionals who play an important role in negotiation, identifying what they value in a subjectively negotiation. Using the tool SVI (Subjective Value Inventory) developed by Curhan et al (2006), from the dimensions of independent and interdependent self-image, attempts to identify the subjective values of the negotiators of a Brazilian retail bank, responsible for a significant part of the negotiations and results of the company in relation to feelings about themselves (Self), the instrumental results, and the process and relationship (Rapport), using interpersonal trust as a moderator in this relationship. Once identified, found results will be related to the customer satisfaction. The purpose of seeking this correlation is due to the assumption that the company exists only because of the customer. For this purpose, it was conducted a quantitative survey, with the application of a structured and closed questionnaire to 532 of the bank negotiators from that bank, who work in the states of Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro and Maranhão, responsible for relationship, prospecting and conducting business with institution’s customers, personal, small business and government. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques, using the method of Partial Least Squares. It was observed that over forty percent of customer satisfaction is explained by the subjective values of the negotiators. The study showed, among others results, that business managers with self-image independently value the Self and instrumental results in a negotiation, and interpersonal trust cognitive negatively moderates this relationship. Still, Rapport is valued in a negotiation by those business managers with interdependent self-image and this appreciation in a negotiation is positively related to customer satisfaction. / No contexto de um mercado tão competitivo, ter equipes bem preparadas e alocadas adequadamente é fundamental para a sobrevivência das empresas. O presente estudo objetiva identificar o reflexo na satisfação dos clientes e nos resultados das empresas, a partir do conhecimento das pessoas que trabalham na linha de frente dessas empresas, aqueles profissionais que exercem um papel importante de negociação, identificando o que eles valorizam subjetivamente em uma negociação. Por meio da ferramenta SVI (Subjective Value Inventory), desenvolvida por Curhan et al (2006), a partir das dimensões de autoimagem independente e interdependente, busca-se identificar os valores subjetivos dos negociadores de um banco de varejo brasileiro, responsáveis por parte significativa das negociações e dos resultados da empresa, relativamente aos sentimentos sobre si mesmos (Self), aos resultados instrumentais, e ao processo e relacionamento (Rapport), utilizando a confiança interpessoal como moderadora nessa relação. Após identificados os valores subjetivos desses negociadores em negociação, relacionar os resultados encontrados com a satisfação dos clientes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, com a aplicação de um questionário fechado e estruturado a 532 negociadores desse banco que atuam nos estados de Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro e Maranhão, responsáveis pelo relacionamento, prospecção e realização de negócios com os clientes da instituição, nos segmentos pessoa física, micro e pequenas empresas e governo. Os dados foram analisados a partir de técnicas estatísticas, utilizando-se o método dos Mínimos Quadrados Parciais. Observou-se que mais de 40% da satisfação de cliente é explicada pelos valores subjetivos dos negociadores. O estudo apontou como resultados, dentre outros, que os gerentes de negócios com autoimagem independente valorizam o Self e os resultados instrumentais em uma negociação, e que a confiança interpessoal cognitiva modera negativamente essa relação. Ainda, que aqueles gerentes de negócios com autoimagem interdependente, valorizam o Rapport em uma negociação e que essa valorização está positivamente relacionada com a satisfação dos clientes.

Submitted by Camille Alienor Rebecca Chouan (camille.chouan@gmail.com) on 2013-12-26T18:28:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MasterThesis MPGI 2013_Camille Chouan.pdf: 2070374 bytes, checksum: 32f42327d40884fd86be03a1ae2c4ee1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2013-12-26T19:16:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MasterThesis MPGI 2013_Camille Chouan.pdf: 2070374 bytes, checksum: 32f42327d40884fd86be03a1ae2c4ee1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-26T19:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MasterThesis MPGI 2013_Camille Chouan.pdf: 2070374 bytes, checksum: 32f42327d40884fd86be03a1ae2c4ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-26 / This research analyzes the role of relational aspects such as trust, commitment, power usage and interdependence in the framework of inclusive business strategies that engage agribusiness MNCs and smallholder farmers in food supply chains in Brazil. Inclusive business strategies that seek direct sourcing from smallholders in emerging countries have been acknowledged as a promising market-based approach to create social impact and improve the livelihoods of rural producers at the 'base of the pyramid', all the while enabling companies to strengthen their position in local markets and source quality raw materials at lower costs. Studies on this topic widely focus on the competitive and commercial advantages that food companies derive from directly sourcing from smallholder suppliers, presenting value chain models that can be tailored to fit their global business strategy, however there remains little theoretically-grounded knowledge on the inter-organizational and relational challenges of these buyer-supplier relationships. Moreover, little attention has been paid to how asymmetries between MNCs and smallholder suppliers in terms of power, dependence and value-orientation can affect the evolution of these relationships. The objective of the study was thus to describe the factors that enable these asymmetrical partners to build long-term and mutually beneficial business relationships. A grounded theory methodology was used, which was particularly appropriate to examine relationships and collect experiences from the field through interviews of both company executives and field staff and smallholders in three key sectors dominated by family agriculture in Brazil, namely dairy, poultry/swine husbandry and horticultural production. Key theoretical concepts from the field of Relationship Marketing were used to back the results from the field research. The main finding of this research is the importance of going beyond trust-building in the relationship management strategy and designing dyadic partnerships based on mutual interdependence in order to reduce asymmetries and enhance commitment between the MNC and the smallholder. / Esta pesquisa analisa o papel dos aspectos relacionais tais como confiança, comprometimento, interdependência e uso de poder âmbito das estratégias de negócios inclusivos que envolvem pequenos agricultores nas cadeias de valor de multinacionais dos agronegócios no Brasil. Os negócios inclusivos de abastecimento direto por empresas com pequenos agricultores em países em desenvolvimento têm sido reconhecidos como uma abordagem economicamente viavél e promissora para criar impacto social e melhorar as condições de vida de produtores rurais da 'base da pirâmide', ao mesmo tempo permitindo que as empresas reforçar as suas posições nos mercados locais e adquirir matérias primas de qualidade a custos mais baixos. Estudos sobre este tema focam amplamente sobre as vantagens comerciais e competitivas que as empresas derivam do abastecimento direito com pequenos fornecedores, apresentando modelos de cadeia de valor customizados e ajustados estratégias globais de negócios, no entanto ainda há pouco conhecimento teoricamente fundamentado sobre os desafios organizacionais e relacionais da relação entre o comprador multinacional e o fornecedor de baixa renda. Além disso, pouco foco tem-se prestado sobre como assimetrias entre multinacionais e produtores de baixa renda, em questão de poder, dependência e de valores pode afetar a evolução dessas relações de negócios. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os fatores que permitem a esses parceiros assimétricos de construir relacionamentos comerciais de longo prazo e mutuamente benéficos. A metodologia da teoria fundamentada foi usada e foi particularmente adequada para examinar as relações entre comprador e fornecedor e para recolher experiências de campo em três setores principais dominados pela agricultura familiar no Brasil, ou seja laticínios, avi-suinocultura e produção hortícola. Os principais conceitos teóricos da área de Relationship Marketing foram usados para apoiar os resultados da pesquisa de campo. A principal conclusão desta pesquisa é a importância de ir além da construção de confiança na estratégia de gestão do relacionamento entre comprador e fornecedor e de criar parcerias diádicas baseadas na interdependência mútua, a fim de reduzir as assimetrias e melhorar o comprometimento entre a empresa e o pequeno agricultor.

Au lendemain de son indépendance, l’Algérie était confrontée au problème du développement de son potentiel gazier. Pour se soustraire à l’emprise de la France sur ses hydrocarbures, elle décida de placer son gaz dans le marché américain. Cette option visait à développer l’industrie du GNL et à optimiser la rente pour pouvoir financer le développement économique du pays. Après l’échec de ce choix, l’Algérie s’est retournée vers le marché européen. Depuis, les échanges se sont intensifiés au point où l’Algérie est considérée aujourd’hui comme un partenaire énergétique stratégique de l’Union européenne. Cette situation lui donnera-t-elle la possibilité de continuer à approvisionner l’Europe en gaz ? Au regard des contraintes liées à la gestion du secteur de l’énergie, la concurrence des deux gaz russe et qatari et l’entrée prévisible en production des gisements en Mediterrannée orientale, la part du gaz algérien dans la sécurité énergétique de l’Europe constitue-t-elle un enjeu géopolitique ? La présente thèse a pour objectif de confirmer ou d’infirmer la réalité de cet enjeu. Pour cela, elle pose des questions inhérentes aux différentes politiques initiées par l’Algérie durant plus d’un demi-siècle, à sa marge de manœuvre pour se maintenir au troisième rang des fournisseurs de gaz à l’Europe, et à la dépendance de cette dernière en matière de gaz et à ses perceptions géopolitiques à l’égard de ses fournisseurs (principalement, la Russie et les pays producteurs de la rive Sud). / After the National Independence (1962), Algeria was dealing with the difficulties of developing its gas potential. In order to escape the French hegemony of its hydrocarbons resources, Algeria decided to place and invest its gas resources in the US market. This economic option was motivated by the urgent need to develop the LNG industry and to maximize incomes in order to improve the national economic development. After the failure of this economic option, Algeria got back to the European market. Since then, EU – Algeria economic relations have been intensified. Nowadays, Algeria is considered as a strategic EU partner, in the field of energy resources. Does this situation enable Algeria to supply the European economy with gas for a long time? Given the international constraints related to the management of the energy sector, competition from both Russia and Qatar and the new discovered gas reserves in Eastern Mediterranean basin, does the Algerian gas and its importance in EU energy security represent a geopolitical issue?This thesis aims to examin the pertinence of this issue. It seeks to respond to questions related to the various policies initiated by Algeria for more than half a century, to Algeria’s strategy to maintain its position as the third strategic gas supplier of Europe, and to the European energy dependence and its geopolitical perceptions towards its suppliers (especially Russia and the South side of Mediterranean basin producers).

This study is conducted with the purpose to unfold hidden sides of the EU – Russian energy cooperation and to shed a light on possible reasons for existing problems that have rarely been voiced before. This study provides an alternative view on the role of the Baltic Sea region in the overall EU – Russian energy dialogue and its current situation. In this research the historical observation of the energy interdependence regime development is examined and the crucial turning points in the energy interdependence like the EU enlargement 2004, the gas cut offs 2006 and 2009, and crises 2014 are reconsidered. The energy security policies of the EU and Russia are analyzed by adopting the realist approach and applied to the case of the Baltic Sea region. Furthermore, based on the regional complex security theory and interdependence theory, the way how interstate gas relations in the Baltic Sea region affect the EU – Russian interdependence is discussed.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze different forms of North-South development assistance with regard to its widespread critique and to examine whether the field of international research capacity building holds alternative development cooperation strategies that have the potential to reconcile some of the criticisms. The focus is on the International Science Programme (ISP) and the empirical research carried out in Bangladesh and Sweden on the ISP-Bangladesh collaboration in the form of semi-structured interviews constitutes the core case study evidence. Three theoretical perspectives – realism, interdependence liberalism and constructivism – provide the framework of the case study and serve as guiding tools to understand the ISP’s role and motivations as an actor in international relations. The main goal is to investigate whether the ISP can be best perceived as an instance of self-interest, interconnectedness or social empowerment.