Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-02-02T16:10:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Ibrahim de Serpa Pinto Rocha.pdf: 653236 bytes, checksum: 3f12cf84347ed66912cd8107722cc769 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T16:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Ibrahim de Serpa Pinto Rocha.pdf: 653236 bytes, checksum: 3f12cf84347ed66912cd8107722cc769 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Empresa de Ônibus e Turismo Pedro Antônio LTDA / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / O processo de trabalho do (a) enfermeiro(a) é construído por saberes originários de diferentes matrizes científicas e configuram uma atividade centrada no cuidado com articulação no campo da administração. No exercício da função, o (a) enfermeiro (a) utiliza uma série de saberes que podemos chamar de tecnologias. Tecnologias que são empregadas no trabalho do enfermeiro nos diferentes momentos da produção. Este estudo tem como objetivo, analisar o processo de trabalho do (a) enfermeiro (a), buscando identificar o uso das tecnologias no gerenciamento e no cuidado em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Como campo de estudo foi escolhido o Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense, no Município de Vassouras. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista temática com enfermeiros do hospital e observação participante. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da triangulação associada ao método hermenêutico dialético. Os resultados mostraram a utilização de diferentes ferramentas tecnológicas no gerenciamento do cuidado em que a fusão da função gerencial com a assistencial é uma constante. Nesse processo, destacamos o saber da teoria clássica da administração, como elemento presente em grande parte da produção naquele hospital. Apontamos, como conclusão, a importância de novos dispositivos para a descentralização do trabalho e a recuperação da centralidade no usuário / The working process of the nurse is constituted by facts derived from different scientific matrixes and configures an activity centered in the care, with an articulation in the administration field. In the realization of his function, the nurse uses a series of knowledge that we can call technologies. Technologies that are used in the work of the nurse on the different moments of the production. This study has as objective analyze the working process of the nurse, trying to identify the use of the technologies in the management and in the care in health. It‟s a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense, in Vassouras, was selected as the study field. The data were collected through a theme interview with the nurses of the hospital and participated observation. The analysis of the data was done by triangulation combined with the Hermeneutic-Dialectical Method. The results showed the utilization of different technological tools in the management of the care, in which the fusion of the management and care functions is a constant. In this process, we give emphasis to the knowledge of the administration classic theory, as an element present in a great part of the production in that hospital. We point out as a conclusion, the importance of new ways to the decentralization of work and the re-acquire of the users‟ centrality

良好的自我調控能夠幫助人們適時的監控自己的行為且朝著目標邁進。過往相關研究主要將自我調控視作個人內在歷程，檢驗個體如何為了達成目標而調動自我控制資源，本研究提出「聯合調控」的概念，我們認為當作業結果重要性高且個體與他人之間具備聯結時，個體便會執行聯合調控，即個體會同時考量雙方可利用的資源，且為了達到作業最佳的結果而對本身的自控資源進行策略性調動。本研究利用兩個實驗檢驗聯合調控的概念，並討論兩種不同的個人與他人的聯結方式：關係聯結、結果聯結。實驗一的參與者與朋友成對參與實驗，為2（關係：朋友vs.陌生人）x 2（作業結果重要性:高vs.低）參與者間設計。實驗一結果發現，認為同組夥伴為朋友、且朋友有機會因為作業結果而獲得不錯的金額酬賞的參與者（高作業重要性），在即便其自控資源已因先前作業受到一定的程度的耗損的情況下，也明顯地較其他各組願意在複雜費力但得分較多的作業上計劃分配較多的時間，提高朋友獲得酬賞的機會。實驗二的參與者雖是個別進行施測，但被告知有另一位參與者的存在，為2（作業類型：個人目標vs.共同目標）x 2（作業結果重要性:高 vs. 低）參與者間設計。參與者被要求針對後續兩個作業進行時間分配，根據實驗提供的線索顯示，其中一個作業參與者較對方擅長而另一個作業則是對方較為擅長。實驗二的結果發現，當作業結果重要性高時，認為自己與他人有著共同目標的參與者，顯著地較其他組的參與者規劃較多的時間在自己相對擅長的作業上。總結而言，兩個實驗的結果皆支持聯合調控的運作，當作業的結果是重要的且個體與他人間存在著聯結時，個體不僅會與他人分享自己擁有的資源，且會為了達到最佳目標結果而調整本身對自控資源的運用策略。 / Successful self-regulation could help us control our behaviors and achieve our goals. Previous research primarily considered self-regulation as an intrapersonal process, and examined how individuals regulate their self-regulatory resources to perform or achieve their goal. In the present study we proposed that when the task outcome is important and connection with the other person is established, individuals will perform joint-regulation. That is, individuals would take self-regulatory resources from the both sides into consideration and regulate their own self-regulatory resources wisely to achieve the best outcome. To demonstrate our points, two types of connections were employed in this study, relationship and shared goal. In Experiment 1, participants came in pairs and were assigned to a 2 (relationship: friend vs. stranger) x 2 (task outcome importance: high vs. low) design. The participants who believed their friend had a chance of getting a decent amount of money (i.e., high task importance) would plan to spend more time on a more complex and tiring task to help his friend to win, even though themselves were exhausted from the previous self-regulatory task. In Experiment 2, participants were told that they were in the experiment with the other person and then assigned to 2 (task type: individual goal vs. shared goal) x 2 (task outcome importance: high vs. low) design. Participants were asked to distribute their remaining time on two sequent tasks, one they outperformed the other person and the other was outperformed by the other person. Results indicated that when the task outcome was important, participants in the shared task outcome condition would plan to spend significant more time on the task that they outperformed their partner than other conditions. In sum, the results gave support to the hypotheses, joint-regulation did occur. We found that when the task outcome is appealing and individuals have connection with the other person, they not only share their own self-regulatory resources but also modify their strategy accordingly to regulate these resources to achieve the best outcome.

Of the nine South African provinces, Limpopo Province has produced the worst Grade 12 results in the ten years between 1996 and 2006. Yet Thohoyandou and Mutale districts in that province performed outstandingly well from 1994 to 2006. This study aimed to find out what influential factors made the difference within these two districts between high-performing and poorly performing schools, by comparing those that performed well with those that performed badly. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires completed by a total of 87 teachers, and structured interviews were conducted with principals. The sample of 24 schools was divided into two types, ‘high performing’ and ‘poorly performing’. By means of the questionnaires, a total of 114 variables were explored, encompassing a number of different factors, from which a total of 18 hypotheses were derived: three concerning teacher factors (qualifications, home language), 10 concerning school factors (locality, number of classrooms, assembly hall, library etc. and teacher-generated problems), one concerning parental involvement, two concerning teacher motivation and management (frequency and scheduling of staff meetings), and two concerning learner motivation and management (including performance with notes and summaries). The data from both groups of schools were compared in order to test the 18 hypotheses on the influence of different variables upon Grade 12 results, the null hypothesis being, of course, that there was no influence. Before this was done, pairs of variables were also compared and subjected to chi-square testing for each of the two groups of schools to see which of the factors might be related to one another in some way, thus impacting on interpretation of the results of the hypothesis testing. For each of the two groups of schools, results from the questionnaires were analyzed by means of: <ul> <li>Frequency analyses and descriptive statistics extracted from the tables of results where they were of possible interest. Variables such as the gender of teachers were, for example, included.</li> <li>Contingency tables with chi-square analysis testing the independence of the variables where possible relationships between the variables could emerge.</li> <li>Contingency tables with chi-square analysis where the connection was not significant and independence of the variables from each other could therefore be assumed.</li></ul> The chi-square analysis tested the difference between the variables at a 0.5% level of significance. Results of the various analyses were not particularly conclusive. Those with the most reliable levels of significance suggested that the most important variables were those relating to interpersonal relationships, specifically those involving different types of contact. Where staff meetings were scheduled and not particularly frequent, Grade 12 results were better. These results were also better where there was frequent contact between parents and teachers. The results of this study and in this sample area suggest that a school’s management style is more important to Grade 12 performance than the provision of funding and facilities. Further investigation is needed before these conclusions can be generalized to other districts and provinces. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

How does the satisfaction (or the lack of satisfaction) of the innate need to have meaningful interpersonal relationships affects behavioural self-regulation? How does having/lacking interpersonal relatedness impact one’s perception of future interpersonal relationships? This doctoral dissertation aimed to answer these two fundamental questions by integrating the views of two complementary theories, need to belong theory (NBT; Baumeister & Leary, 1995) and self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000). Using a series of two laboratory experiments and one longitudinal study, this thesis examined the effects of social exclusion and inclusion on satisfaction of basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and self-regulation of behaviours. In Study 1 (N=72), social exclusion and inclusion were manipulated in order to examine their effects on the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs proposed by SDT, that is the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Findings from this first experiment revealed that social exclusion decreases satisfaction of the three needs, whereas social inclusion increases satisfaction of these needs when compared to the control condition. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the exclusion condition and the inclusion condition for the reported levels of satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness. The effects of social exclusion and inclusion on basic needs satisfaction were further investigated in Study 2 (N=70); also, the second study examined how self-determined motivation and behavioural self-regulation are affected. More specifically, it tested whether participants’ persistence at a laboratory task, as well as their intentions for a future peer interaction (intentions to compete against a peer participant and intentions to collaborate with a peer participant) are influenced by social exclusion and inclusion, through the meditating effects of basic needs satisfaction and self-determined motivation. The results suggested that social exclusion, via the effects of basic needs and motivation decreases peer collaboration, whereas social inclusion was shown to have an opposite effect on peer collaboration. The effect of condition via the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and motivation failed to predict persistence at the task and peer competition. Lastly, Study 3 (N=624) assessed naturally occurring social exclusion and inclusion in a population of junior high school students. This third study investigated the independent contributions of SDT and NBT in the prediction of academic motivation and high school dropout. Peer relatedness, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers were examined as potential predictors of academic motivation and high school dropout. Findings suggested that peer relatedness plays an important role in the prediction of academic motivation, but, that perceived needs support from parents and perceived needs support from teachers are stronger predictors of that outcome. Results from this study also revealed that peer relatedness contributes to the prediction of high school dropout, beyond what can be explained by academic motivation, perceived needs support from parents, and perceived needs support from teachers. However, perceived needs support from parents was shown to be the most essential predictor of high school dropout. In sum, findings from this doctoral dissertation suggested that social exclusion has detrimental effects on one’s motivation and behavioural self-regulation. In contrast, social inclusion fosters social support which promotes satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, and successful self-regulation. This doctoral thesis contributed to the application of SDT and NBT by comparing elements of the two complementary frameworks. It also offered an original contribution to research on social exclusion and inclusion by examining their impacts on self-determined motivation, and basic needs satisfaction, as well as testing them in both the laboratory setting and the natural setting.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Celia_31_08_2011.pdf: 607720 bytes, checksum: d10d25a617cd444704e3bc2ccab35699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-03 / The development of interpersonal relationships enables the individuals to reach a more intense integration aiming a more effective result in the teaching and learning process. This research had, as a main focus of investigation, the interpersonal relationships, fundamental for the learning between teachers and students of an university health course. The bibliographical research was centered in authors with questions related to the teaching and learning process and the communication; the relationship student/teacher as facilitators of learning and teaching and learning in Nursing. The research was developed under the qualitative perspective, specifically the case study type. The methodological procedure involved: 1. Data collecting through questionnaires of the closed type, using the Likert scale, for teachers and students for 3rd year nursing course in a private Superior Education Institution, looking for information in interpersonal relationships needed for learning. 2. Analysis and discussion of data, statistical tests with the cross-referencing with the literature review 3. Documental analysis through curricular directions for the nursing course and the pedagogical political project. The data analysis found that, on the information related to student/teacher relationship, there are many similarities in agreement or disagreement, in percentage, of the total of students and teachers, however teachers showed tendencies to self evaluation. In the second analysis, carried out individually, teachers differ from the day students, which in turn differ from the night students. Therefore, this data can be conducting tools to reach also students that in less numbers give their opinion against to the answers of the majority of students and should be heard. An assessment of the quality of relationships in the classroom should not be based solely on the opinion of students. However, they are the guys who, are the main elements by which the teaching is directed.Therefore they deserve to be heard and their opinions taken into consideration. We hope that this research can have offered basic features and guidance for teachers to re-think their practice, focusing in the establishment of satisfactory interaction between educator and student, contributing in the teaching and learning process. / O desenvolvimento das relações interpessoais permite aos indivíduos o alcance de uma integração mais intensa, visando um rendimento efetivo no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Esta pesquisa teve como foco principal de investigação as relações interpessoais, fundamentais para a aprendizagem, entre professores e alunos de um curso superior na área da saúde. A pesquisa bibliográfica esteve centrada em autores com questões referentes ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem e a comunicação; a relação professor-aluno como facilitadoras da aprendizagem e o ensinar e aprender em Enfermagem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob a ótica qualitativa, especificamente do tipo estudo de caso. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram: 1.Coleta de dados por meio de questionários do tipo fechado, utilizando-se a Escala Likert, para professores e alunos do 3º ano do Curso de Enfermagem de uma Instituição de Educação Superior particular, procurando obter informações sobre as relações interpessoais necessárias para a aprendizagem. 2. Análise e discussão dos dados obtidos, com testes estatísticos e cotejamento com a literatura analisada. 3. Análise documental, através das Diretrizes Curriculares para o curso de Enfermagem e do Projeto Político Pedagógico. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que, quanto às informações relativas à relação professor aluno, observa-se semelhança em grande parte de concordância ou discordância, em porcentagem, na percepção do total de alunos e total de professores; porém, os professores apresentam tendência para a auto valorização. Na segunda análise, realizada individualmente, os professores diferem dos alunos do diurno, que por sua vez, diferem dos alunos do noturno. Portanto, espera-se que estes dados possam ser veículos de condução para que se alcancem, também, os alunos que, em minoria, opinam contrário às respostas da maioria dos alunos e que devem ser ouvidos. Uma avaliação da qualidade das relações em sala de aula não deve basear-se apenas na opinião dos alunos. Porém, são eles os sujeitos que, a priori, são os principais elementos pelos quais o ensino é dirigido. Portanto, eles merecem ser ouvidos e suas opiniões, serem levadas em consideração. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa ter oferecido elementos de base e orientação para que os professores repensem a sua prática pedagógica, com foco no estabelecimento de interações satisfatórias entre educador e educando, contribuindo desse modo no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem

The present work explores how accuracy and bias in person perception change with the level of liking that the perceiver holds toward the target person. Specifically, we studied whether dislike affects (a) the social desirability of judgments (positivity bias), (b) the extent to which the target is described like an average person (normative accuracy), and (c) the extent to which the judgment reflects the given target’s characteristics in particular (distinctive accuracy). Eighty-four participants watched four target persons on video, after receiving bogus feedback on how positively or negatively those targets had supposedly evaluated them. The participants reciprocated negative bogus evaluations showing a marked decrease in reported liking for the respective target. Most important, dislike was consistently associated with lower positivity bias, greater normative accuracy, and lower distinctive accuracy across two validation measures (i.e., self-reports and informant reports of target persons).

No description available.

<p> In recent years, there has been a performance management revolution, making it especially critical that researchers study the informal exchange of feedback outside of the formal review. In this dissertation, I conduct two studies that focus on informal, constructive feedback. In study 1, I validate a measure that captures constructiveness of feedback and another that captures the degree to which work relies on virtual interactions. In study 2, I draw on interpersonal attraction theory to develop a dyadic model that tests three sets of hypotheses using polynomial regression and response surface methodology. First, I test the direct effects of leader-employee (L-E) relational attribute agreement on constructive feedback. Second, I contextualize this dyadic interaction by testing two moderators – gender similarity and virtuality of work. Finally, I examine constructive feedback as a mediating mechanism between L-E relational attribute agreement and three sets of beneficial (job performance and work engagement), consequential (turnover intentions and stress) and interpersonal (prosocial behavior and relationship conflict) outcomes. Overall, my hypotheses received mixed support. In L-E dyads with agreement at high levels of relational attributes, employees experienced more constructive feedback compared to those in L-E dyads that agreed their relational attributes were at low levels. Surprisingly, it was not the case that the extent to which leaders and employees agreed on their relational attributes (whether at high or low levels) was better than disagreeing for constructive feedback. The strength of the relationship between L-E relational attribute agreement and constructive feedback was marginally influenced by gender similarity, but not by virtuality of work. Finally, constructiveness of feedback mediated the relationship between L-E relational attribute agreement and work engagement. Overall, the results show that positive L-E work relationships are important for constructive feedback and motivating employees, especially when the leader and employee both view the relationship positively.</p>

No description available.

Religious and cultural discourses shape relationships/marriages. The constructed nature of relationships/marriages opens the possibility for alternative relational realities. Positioning relationships/marriages in alternative discourses assisted the couples to construct a preferred relationship narrative. Three couples embarked on this feminist participatory action research journey - a couple from the Jehovah's Witnesses tradition,' a couple from the Dutch Reformed Church and a couple from a Gay Refonned Church. Conversations with the participating couples deconstructed their relationships. It also enabled the couples to co-author alternative, preferred realities of their relationships/marriages and to provide rich descriptions of these. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Pastoral Therapy)