Orientador: Telma Pileggi Vinha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucatto_LaraCucolicchio_M.pdf: 4789003 bytes, checksum: b95e96ce2cd2066c4186d3448f55dad2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Caracterizando-se como um estudo qualitativo de natureza exploratória, este trabalho se fundamenta na teoria construtivista piagetiana, que concebe os conflitos como necessários para o desenvolvimento e para a aprendizagem. Dentre os procedimentos propostos para lidar com os conflitos, encontra-se uma nova abordagem, os Círculos Restaurativos. Surgido no âmbito do Direito, sua entrada nas instituições escolares brasileiras em 1998 se deu a partir de Projetos para prevenção de violência. Além de apresentar procedimentos mais cooperativos, de autorresponsabilização e reparação de danos, o Projeto propõe que haja a vivência cotidiana da prática restaurativa nas diversas dimensões da escola, promovendo o respeito mútuo, o diálogo, a horizontalidade nas relações, o sentimento de pertencimento à comunidade escolar e o incentivo à realização de escolhas e assunção de responsabilidades pelos alunos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a influência do trabalho com osCírculos Restaurativosnas relações interpessoais entre os alunos e entre os professores e alunos. Na instituição selecionada, encontramos profissionais que participaram da formação e implantação do Projeto em 2005. Foi escolhida também uma segunda escola, que possuía características similares à primeira, mas não realizou os Círculos, servindo como parâmetro de referência. Os participantes da pesquisa foram estudantes do 6º e do 7º anos do Ensino Fundamental, professores e uma equipe de especialistas de ambas as escolas, além dos alunos que vivenciaram o Círculo restaurativo da primeira instituição. Os dados foram coleados por meio de sessões de observação, pelo recolhimento de documentos e por entrevistas clínicas. A análise qualitativa foi realizada a partir da triangulação dos dados. Os resultados evidenciaram que a implantação dos Círculos Restaurativosnão influenciou a qualidade das relações interpessoais entre os próprios alunos, assim como entre estes e professores. Em ambas as escolas, os professores estabeleciam relações coercitivas, impunham regras e utilizavam ameaças, censuras e punições visando à disciplina. Os maus tratos entre os pares eram banalizados, sendo frequentes as situações de desrespeitos e conflitos entre colegas. Os alunos não recorriam aos Círculos como possiblidade de solucionar as desavenças ou as injustiças que vivenciavam, o que indicou que não eram vistos como espaços para a resolução dialógica e assertiva dos conflitos, nem como forma de restauração dos danos e das relações. / Abstract: Characterized as a qualitative study of exploratory nature, this research is based on Piaget's constructivism, which conceives conflicts as a necessity for the learning process. Among the procedures used to handle conflicts, a new approach, the Restorative Justice, can be found. Arising in the Law field, its entrance in Brazilian schools in 1998 was due to projects for violence prevention. Besides presenting more cooperative procedures of self-responsibility and damage Restoration , the project proposes a daily experience with Restorative Justice on several sectors, promoting mutual respect, dialogue, horizontality in relationships, the feeling of belonging to the school community and the incentive to making choices and taking responsibilities by the peers. This research aimed to investigate how Restorative Justice (Restorative Circles) influenced interpersonal relationships at the selected school, where we found professionals who participated in the project's implementation in 2005. A second school was also selected, with similar characteristics, but did not carry out the Circles, serving as a benchmark for our research. The participants were students from the 6th and 7th years of elementary school, teachers and specialists from both schools, as well as students who experienced the Circles in the first institution. Data was collected by means of observations, documents and clinical interviews. Qualitative analysis was carried on by data triangulation. Results showed that the implementation of Restorative Justice did not influence the quality of interpersonal relations among students and between them and the teachers. In both schools, teachers established coercive relationships, imposed rules and used threats, censorship and punishment aiming discipline. Maltreatment between peers were hackneyed and there were frequent situations of disrespect and conflicts among colleagues. The students did not consider the Circles as possibilities for solving disagreements or the situations of injustice endured, which indicated the Circles were neither comprehended as spaces promoting dialogic and assertive resolutions of conflicts, nor as possible ways of solving damages in relationships. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

Cette thèse porte sur la mémoire transactive (Wegner, 1985), une forme de mémoire socialement partagée qui influence la performance collective grâce à une spécialisation, une coordination tacite et une confiance ou crédibilité dans les compétences de l'autre. Une revue de la littérature sur la mémoire transactive a permis de faire plusieurs constats. Premièrement, rares sont les recherches qui ont été réalisées sur la mémoire transactive dans les couples. Deuxièmement, les recherches ont négligé les niveaux d’explication positionnelle et idéologique, se centrant essentiellement sur des explications intra- et interindividuelles. Enfin, les effets de la diversité culturelle liée à la composition des couples et binômes et/ou à la nature de la tâche collaborative n'ont pas été étudiés sur la mémoire transactive. L’objectif de la thèse est donc d’examiner les effets de la composition culturelle des couples (et binômes « artificiels ») et du marquage culturel d’une tâche réalisée en collaboration sur la mémoire transactive. Les couples (et binômes) sont composés de personnes de même culture ou de cultures différentes (française et/ou marocaine). La tâche se présente sous la forme d’un jeu de « memory » qui comprend des cartes avec des images de culture marocaine et française. Une observation des comportements des participants à partir de vidéos, un rappel des cartes, et des mesures par questionnaires ont été combinés pour mettre en évidence une régulation culturelle de la mémoire transactive. La première étude examine les effets de la composition culturelle des couples sur la mémoire transactive et montre que la performance au jeu de « memory » est meilleure dans les couples biculturels que dans les couples mono-culturels, mais uniquement sur les cartes de culture française. La seconde étude examine cette forme de mémoire dans des binômes« artificiels », mono- ou biculturels, où les compétences des partenaires dans la réalisation de la tâche peuvent être inférées à partir de caractéristiques culturelles présentes dans la situation. Les résultats indiquent que les binômes biculturels ont une performance à la tâche inférieure aux binômes mono-culturels, alors que l’effet inverse est observé sur la spécialisation perçue. Ce résultat suggère qu’une mémoire transactive « illusoire » a été mobilisée par les partenaires des binômes biculturels en inférant leurs compétences respectives à partir de leur appartenance à une culture donnée. Enfin, une dernière étude montre qu’un entraînement collectif préalable a un effet bénéfique sur la performance au jeu de « memory » des binômes biculturels, mais uniquement lorsque les cartes de culture française ont servi de support à cet entraînement. Considérés dans leur ensemble, les résultats de ces trois études permettent d’envisager que la mémoire transactive dans les couples et les binômes peut être régulée par des facteurs culturels / This thesis focuses on the transactive memory model (Wegner, 1985), a form of socially shared memory that influences collective performance through specialization, tacit coordination and trust or credibility in the partner’s skills. A review of the literature leads to several observations. First, little research has been conducted on transactive memory in couples. Second, research has overlooked the levels of positional and ideological explanation, focusing primarily on intra- and inter-individual explanations. Finally, the effects of cultural diversity on transactive memory, linked to the composition of couples and dyads and/or the collaborative task have not been studied. The aim of the thesis is to study the effects of the cultural composition of couples (and "artificial" dyads) and a culturally marked collaborative task on the transactive memory system. Couples (and dyads) were composed of individuals with either the same or different cultural backgrounds (French and/or Moroccan). The task was a "Memory" game using cards with Moroccan and French cultural images. Video observations of the participants’ behavior, recall of cards, and questionnaires were combined to investigate the cultural regulation oftransactive memory. The first study examined the effects of the composition of couples on transactive memory and found that performance on the "Memory" game was better in bi-cultural than in mono-cultural couples, but only with French culturally marked cards. The second study examined this form of memory in mono- or bi-cultural "artificial" dyads. It was assumed that the partners’ skills for the task could be inferred from the cultural characteristics of the situation. The results indicate that the performance of the bi-cultural dyads was poorer than that of the mono-cultural dyads, while the reverse was observed for perceived specialization. This result suggests that an "illusory" transactive memory was involved in bi-cultural dyads by inferring cultural skills based on cultural characteristics. The third study shows that prior collective training had a positive effect on the performance of bicultural dyads, but only when the French cultural cards were used as the medium. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that transactive memory in couples and dyads could be regulated by cultural factors

No description available.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelationen är ett fackbegrepp som används för att betona patientperspektivet i vårdvetenskapen. Sjuksköterskan har en hjälpande roll och är delaktig i skapandet av vårdrelationen. Patienten bör uppfatta sjuksköterskan som genuint vårdande med relevanta färdigheter samt ha en professionell klokhet. Vårdrelationen förutsätter en respekt för patientens livsvärld och en öppenhet för patienten som levd och subjektiv varelse. Det är i mötet människor bidrar till varandras livshistoria och förståelsen av sig själva och världen de lever i. Vårdrelationen är till sin natur asymmetrisk och sjuksköterskan bör ha vårdandets etiska värdegrund samt idén om värnandet av patientens värdighet som utgångspunkt. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka psykiatrisjuksköterskans erfarenheter av vårdrelationen. Metod: En litteraturstudie valdes som metod och data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultatet baserades på åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Resultat: Ur resultatet framkom två teman och fem subteman. Teman var Personliga förutsättningar samt I praktiken med tillhörande subteman tillit, tidsaspekter, allians samt i mötet och utförande. Diskussion: Diskussionen delas upp i metod samt resultatdiskussion. I metoddiskussionen diskuteras styrkor och svagheter med metoden. I resultatdiskussionen diskuteras resultatet utifrån Hildegaard Peplaus teori samt nya vetenskapliga artiklar. / Background: The nurse-patient relationship is a professional term used to emphasize the patient perspective in health care science. The nurse has a helping role and is involved in creating the relationship. The patient should perceive the nurse as genuinely caring with relevant skills as well as having a professional wisdom. The relationship requires a respect for the patient's lifeworld and openness for the patient as a lived and subjective being. It is in the meeting that people contribute to each other's life history and the understanding of themselves and the world in which they live. The relationship is by nature asymmetrical and the nurse should have the ethical value of care as well as the idea of safeguarding the patient's dignity as a starting point. Aim: The aim was to investigate the psychiatric nurse's experiences of the nurse-patient relationship. Method: A literature study with qualitative content analysis has been applied. The article search was conducted in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The result is based on eight articles with a qualitative approach. Results: The result shows two themes and five sub themes. Personal prerequisites and In practice with subthemes trust, time aspects, alliance as well as in the meeting and execution. Discussion: The discussion is divided into method and result discussion. In the method discussion, strengths and weaknesses are discussed with the method. In the results discussion, the results are discussed based on Hildegaard Peplau's theory and new scientific articles.

Although the experience of sexual abuse is quite common among men, particularly among those in clinical populations, relatively little research has been done specifically with male survivors and the impact of abuse in their lives. More specifically, the impact of sexual abuse on male survivors' relationship dynamics has been underdeveloped in the research literature. Untapped online data can help illuminate these relationship dynamics, providing insight to clinicians for improved couple and family treatment. Through qualitative analysis of data from online discussion boards at MaleSurvivor.org, the present study examined the ways in which male survivors of sexual abuse described dynamics of their interpersonal relationships. Findings revealed impacts from the abuse on male survivors' relationships as well as impacts of their relationships on abuse recovery. Significant others of male survivors were influential, both positively and negatively, in regard to disclosure, companionship, conversation, modeling relationships, and help-seeking and recovery behaviors. Impacts of the abuse on relationships were reported in emotional, sexual, and relational domains. Further, results gave preliminary insight into how online forums themselves provide opportunities for support-seeking in online relationships and how male sexual abuse survivors approach these online relationships.

Researchers explored the relationship among adolescent self-reported amounts of texting and self-esteem, self-construal, autonomy, and attachment. Data were collected from a high school in an urban area in the Mountain West. Participants included 180 students (53% female). Participants were asked to self-describe their volume of texting as high, medium, or low. Participants were also asked to complete the following scales: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Construal Scale, the Case Inventory, The Adolescent Autonomy Questionnaire, and The Modified Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. It is suggested that text messaging is more strongly related to self-esteem when texting is placed as the dependent variable for both males and females. Results showed that this was the pattern for each variable in question. Results also showed that Cognitive Autonomy mean scores were lower for females on four out of the five subscales of the autonomy measure. This finding was opposite from the mean scores of attachment, which revealed that females tend to have higher parental attachment scores than males.

No description available.

The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine the impact of childhood obesity on levels of self-esteem, anxiety, social stress, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and academic achievement on students in Grades 5, 6, and 7. Professional school counselors need to be aware of how childhood obesity impacts students and how they can help their students personally, socially, and academically. The present research study uses a comparative research design to determine the levels of self-esteem, anxiety, social stress, interpersonal relationship satisfaction, and academic performance among students in Grades in 5, 6, and 7 between two groups: (a) obese children and (b) non-obese children. Height and weight were obtained from each student and entered into a Body Mass Index (BMI) calculator. Students completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition and a demographic survey. Scores from the Mississippi Curriculum Test, Second Edition were obtained as well. Students were coded as obese or non-obese and scores from the two assessments were entered into SPSS. A multivariate analysis of variance found no statistically significant results for the overall model. However, self-esteem and interpersonal relationship satisfaction were statistically significant individually. Though there were no statistically significant differences between groups, the researcher found that the mean scores of dependent variables reflected differences between obese and non-obese groups. School counselors can use this information to utilize the American School Counselor National Model to build a program for these children. Responsive services such as individual counseling, group counseling, classroom guidance, and parent education workshops can all be applied throughout the schools. Research in the future should continue to focus on the mental health implications of childhood obesity. This study provided a new perspective for research on childhood obesity not only for school counselors, but all mental health professionals. By being aware of the possible risks associated with childhood obesity, school counselors can use early intervention and prevention strategies to make a difference not only with an obese child but also within the entire school.

<p>  </p> <p>This study explores reactions to and interactions online with political content posted by an interpersonal connection on social media. The concepts within this study are drawn from interpersonal, political, social media, and digital affordances literature. The theoretical foundation is built on the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE), the investment model of relationship maintaining behavior, and the model of accommodation. Two research questions were asked regarding the impact of preexisting relationships and political identity on participant reactions to and interactions with political content posted on social media by an interpersonal connection. A qualitative method was used to answer the above questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using a thematic analysis and guided by sensitizing topics. Results show that participants did not often post or interact on social media and often chose to ignore or tolerate political content shared by an interpersonal connection. However, participants did note the potential impact of relational closeness and political identity on post-perception. These results indicate a possible shift in posting behavior despite the prevalence of online discourse. Overall, this study demonstrates the need for further research into user behavior on social media and how this impact their interactions with online connections and politics.</p>

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o relacionamento entre o cliente e o vendedor em vendas pessoais de seguro de vida. O estudo concentra-se no entendimento do comportamento do prestador de serviço em que o cliente tem dificuldades de avaliar a sua qualidade. Foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativas de profundidade com 15 profissionais de sucesso de uma seguradora multinacional com mais de 100 anos de existência. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas possibilitando a identificação de temas e problemas, tais como a necessidade de uma maior reflexão sobre as particularidades de vendas neste mercado, a relevância do primeiro contato cliente-vendedor e o desenvolvimento de rapport entre eles. Os resultados indicam que algumas atitudes simples, tais como ouvir o cliente e comportar-se de forma educada, funcionam como combustível para o entendimento autêntico das necessidades do cliente, facilitando um relacionamento de confiança de longo prazo. O estudo contribui para aprofundar o entendimento sobre o que precede a confiança do cliente nos prestadores de serviço neste mercado em franca expansão no Brasil. Ele fornece também informações práticas sobre o gerenciamento ativo do processo de obtenção de recomendações. / [en] This work investigates the relationship between client and salesman in personal life insurance selling. The study aims to understand the behavior of the service provider. It is a specific service which the customer has difficulties in evaluating its quality. Fifteen depth interviews were done with successful professionals of a multinational insurance company which is over a hundred years old. The interviews were recorded and transcribed to allow the identification of themes and challenges, such as the demand of a deeper reflection of the sales particularities, the relevance of the first salesman-customer contact, and the development of rapport between them. The results indicate that some simple attitudes, such as to listen to clients and to behave in polite way works as a fuel for the authentic understanding of the costumers needs, enabling a long term trustworthy relationship. The study contributes for a better explanation about what precedes customer trust with the service provider, in an exponential growing market in Brazil. It also provides practical information about endeavors to gather word of mouth information.