This theoretical-empirical study deals with the impact of regional varieties of Spanish on the quality of simultaneous interpreting into Czech. The aim of this thesis is to find whether interpreters make more omissions, additions, semantic errors and errors of performance when they interpret from Latin American varieties of Spanish than when they interpret from standard European Spanish as defined by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE). Another aim is to confirm that different user groups have different expectations regarding the quality of simultaneous interpreting. The theoretical part of this thesis presents findings and conclusions of previous studies. It also provides an overview of strategies and coping mechanisms and a description of some of the Latin American varieties of Spanish. The research part of this study consists of an experiment and a questionnaire survey regarding quality assessment. The empirical part of this thesis presents the results of the experiment and the questionnaire survey.

本論文以Gulliver’s Travels晚清時期的中譯本《海外軒渠錄》（1906）為研究對象，探討譯者對原文諷刺手法的翻譯策略。Gulliver’s Travels 是西方諷刺（satire）文學經典之作，主要通過「敘事角色」（persona）以及「想像遊記」（imaginary voyage）的手法取得諷刺效果。晚清時期中西文學傳統殊異，想要在中文語境中再現原文的諷刺特點，並非易事。本論文通過具體的文本對比和分析發現，由於中國文學傳統以及晚清翻譯規範的影響，譯者在翻譯過程中改寫原文，因此《海外軒渠錄》未能體現Gulliver’s Travels的諷刺手法，而譯文也從一個側面展示出中西文學相互碰撞、對話的過程。本研究希望藉此個案，從文學表現以及文學交流的角度再論晚清小說翻譯。 / This thesis examines one late Qing Chinese translation of Gulliver’s Travels in 1906, namely Haiwai Xuanqulu 海外軒渠錄. The study focuses on how the literary devices of satire employed in the original text were rendered into Chinese by the late Qing translators. These devices include a narrative "persona" and the "imaginary voyage" structure. It is a challenging task for the translator to fully render these literary techniques into Chinese in late Qing period when the Western and Chinese literatures were remarkably different. Through detailed text comparison and analysis, we find that, influenced by Chinese literature tradition and late Qing translation practice, the translators made changes in translation in a way that the original satirical effect was not retained in the translated work. The translation also reflects in some degree the clash and dialogue between Western and Chinese literatures. This thesis aims to explore late Qing fiction translation from the perspective of literary transmission. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 季凌婕. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-93). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Ji Lingjie.

盛思維. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院翻譯學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 133-143. / Sheng Siwei. / Chapter 第一章： --- 引言 --- p.1 / 多系統理論（Polysystem Theory ) --- p.2 / 描述式研究方法(Descriptive Translation Studies ) --- p.5 / Chapter 第二章： --- 本地化翻譯劇在目標文化系統内的位置 --- p.10 / 《王子復仇記》、(Hamlet)、 --- p.11 / 《元宵》（Twelfth Night ) --- p.15 / 《禧春酒店》(L'Ho tel du Libre-Echange) --- p.18 / 《美人如玉劍如虹》(Cyrano de Bergerac ) --- p.21 / "《撞板風流》》(Move Over, Mrs Markham )" --- p.24 / Chapter 第三章： --- “解決方法+問題´ح 一一譯文與原文的轉移 本地化翻譯劇的翻譯策略 --- p.28 / 删減 --- p.29 / 換例 --- p.34 / 增補 --- p.47 / 從譯文與原文的轉移關係看香港翻譯劇本地化的趨勢 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章： --- 本地化翻譯劇與原文的等值關係 --- p.65 / 故事 --- p.69 / 語言 --- p.77 / 從本地化翻譯劇與原文的等值關係看典型的本地化翻譯劇 --- p.80 / 從描述式翻譯研究到翻譯理論 --- p.88 / Chapter 第五章： --- 本地化翻譯劇的成因 --- p.91 / 翻譯規範（Translation Norms ) --- p.91 / 香港話劇系统 --- p.96 / 殖民統治與香港話劇 --- p.102 / 文化身份與後殖民理論 --- p.106 / 香港文學與大眾文化 --- p.111 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論´Ø多系統理論與目標取向翻譯研究的再思 --- p.118 / 多系統理論的再思 --- p.119 / 目標取向與描述式翻譯研究的再思 --- p.126 / 再談香港本地化翻譯劇的特點 --- p.127 / 科際整合 --- p.130 / 參考書目 --- p.133

The master thesis deals with the dialogical communication interpreted by children. Its primary focus was to analyze situations in which the interpreter and the language brokerer is a child and not a professional adult interpreter. The thesis is devided into two parts. In the theoretical part of the study we will describe the theoretical framework of our research such as natural translation and interpreting, bilingualism and child language brokering. The empirical part of this study describes the research and presents the results of our research. Our aim was to analyze dialogical interpreting and mode of addressing other participants in situations in which the mediator of the communication is a child. Moreover, the research wanted to answer the question about what strategies a child language brokerer uses when interpreting negative criticism about himself. We discovered that dialogical interpreting with a child language brokerer has its specific features and children use some strategies to mitigate or to totally avoid criticism that concerns them directly and they do not interpret as a neutral interpreter should do.

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This study describes an experiment focused on influence of speaker's foreign accent on the qualityof sense renditionin simultaneous interpreting.Its aim is to evaluate whether this factor has a negative impact on interpreters' performance and whether the strength of foreign accent is directly proportional to the number of sense deviations. This study also takes into considerationthe factor of deliveryrate of the speaker's discourse.Therefore,this studyshould also clarify whether the interpreter's performance is more negatively influenced by foreign accent or deliveryrate. The theoretical part of this study explains the notion of foreignaccent and describes factors which have an impact on its strength. Furthermore, this section gives an overview of previous studies focusedon the qualityof interpretingandtheir conclusions.The empiricalpart describes the methodology and the results of the experiment carried out as the mainpart of this study. Key words: foreign accent, strengthof foreign accent, qualityof interpreting,simultaneous interpreting

Covid-19-pandemin har haft och har en stor inverkan på samhällen över hela världen. Myndigheter har varit tvungna att vidta extraordinära åtgärder för att anpassa samhällslivet till extraordinära tider. När pandemin var ett faktum i Sverige utfördes plötsligt i princip samtliga tolktjänster inom vården på distans. Den här studien grundar sig på en webb-enkät riktad till yrkesverksamma tolkar inom den offentliga sektorn i Sverige. Frågorna rör upplevelser som tolkar haft under denna övergång till distanstolkning, vilka utmaningar de har ställts inför och vilka strategier de tagit till för att fullfölja sina tolkuppdrag inom sjukvården. Resultatet visar att tolkar under Covid-19-pandemin upplever ett förstärkt ansvar för att främja kommunikationen i patientmöte n där svenska inte är gemensamt språk. De är medvetna om att förmågan att genomföra distanstolkning utgör ett viktigt bidrag till att minska pandemins negativa påverkan, såväl för individen (patienten) som för samhället. En slutsats är att många tolkar har lyckats anpassa sig till distanstolkning inom vården oavsett tidigare erfarenhet med distansarbete. Studien pekar också på hur angeläget det är att distanstolkning får ökad uppmärksamhet från myndigheternas sida när det gäller tolkars villkor och arbetsmiljö, inte minst när det gäller kommunikationsutrustning. / The Covid-19 pandemic has had and has a major impact on communities all over the world. The authorities have been forced to take extraordinary measures to adapt society to extraordinary times. When the pandemic was a fact in Sweden, suddenly all interpreting services in healthcare  had to be performed remotely. This study is based on a web survey directed professional interpreters in the public sector in Sweden. The questions concern the interpreters' experiences during this transition toward remote interpreting, what challenges they faced and what strategies they have developed to fulfill their interpreting assignments in healthcare. The result shows, that the interpreters during the Covid-19-pandemic faced an increased responsibility to facilitate the communication in health care meetings where Swedish is not a common language. They are aware that the ability to carry out remote interpretation is an important contribution to reducing the negative impact of the pandemic, both for individuals (patients) and for society. A conclusion is, that many interpreters have succeeded in adapting to remote interpreting in healthcare, regardless of previous experience with work on telephone. The study also points out the importance of paying more attention to remote interpreting from the authorities, when it comes to interpreters' conditions and working environment, not least to communication equipment.

Föreliggande studie undersöker vad språkkompetens och tolkningsriktning har för inverkan på tolkningsstrategier inom tolkning i offentlig sektor. Undersökningen utgår ifrån fyra videoinspelade rollspel som har tolkats av fyra tolkar med olika tolkerfarenhet mellan språken svenska och spanska. Rollspelen utgick från ett manus och rollspelarna uppmanades att utsätta tolkarna för specifika svårigheter på specifika punkter under samtalen. Analysen har utöver observation av videoinspelningar, och transkription av dessa, även utgått från tolkarnas retrospektion, ett språktest och en intervju angående deras språkkompetens. Analysmetoden har dessutom utgått från och replikerat Arumí Ribas och Vargas-Urpis studie (2017) och har genomfört en kvantitativ analys på grundval av Wadensjös sju typer av avvikande återgivningar (1998). Denna analysmetod har visat sig innehålla begränsningar då Wadensjös avvikande återgivningar inte har kunnat användas för att identifiera alla typer av tolkningsstrategier. Studien har dock kunnat fastställa att tolken tillämpar fler tolkningsstrategier till sitt svaga språk än till sitt starka språk men att fortsatt forskning är nödvändig på detta område. / The present study examines what influence language competence and directionality have on interpreting strategies in public service interpreting. It is based on four video recorded roleplays which were interpreted by four interpreters with different interpreting experience between the languages Swedish and Spanish. The roleplays were based on a script and the roleplayers were asked to expose the interpreters to specific difficulties at specific points during the conversation. In addition to the observation of video recordings, and the transcription of these, the analysis has also been based on the interpreters’ retrospections, a language test and an interview regarding their language competence. The analysis method has also been based on and has replicated Arumí Ribas and Vargas-Urpi's study (2017) and has conducted a quantitative analysis on the basis of Wadensjö's seven types of renditions (1998). This analysis method has shown limitations since identification of all types of interpreting strategies could not be done only through Wadensjö's seven types of renditions. The study has determined that the interpreter applies more interpreting strategies to his/her weak language than to his/her strong language but that further research is necessary in this area.

The MA thesis Ingrid Kurz and her Contribution to the Development of the Theory of Interpreting is a descriptive theoretical study dealing with the work of the conference and television interpreter, Interpreting Studies scholar and professor of Translation Studies at University of Vienna Ingrid Kurz, born Pinter. This thesis analyses individual stages of her research and looks into the development of her opinions and interests, which can be followed chronologically in her articles, studies and extensive publications. It also informs on teaching and interpreting projects of this researcher and, last but not least, reflects her contribution in the area of interdisciplinary cooperation. The interconnection of psychological and interpreting education inspired her towards the first experiments in the field of simultaneous interpreting. Keywords: Ingrid Kurz, theory of interpreting, interdisciplinary research, cognitive psychology, quality of simultaneous interpreting, stress, the media, audiovisual interpreting, didactics.