<p>It is the aim of this thesis to begin to sort out the relation between reason (as a "higher" mental faculty) and the moral system that Kant develops. This is done through an investigation of the Kantian conception of reason and an investigation of Kant's moral system itself. The idea of the unconditioned, as a necessary condition for the possibility of morality, is identified as being that which connects the two terms.</p> <p>The first part of this thesis deals with Kant's conception of the faculty or function of reason (as opposed to the faculty of the understanding), and this· is centered around two main elements: syllogistic thinking and the subjective maxim to find the condition for all conditioned cognitions. From this, and given what I call the "ambiguous" nature of the pure concepts of the understanding, I begin to trace the development of the idea of the unconditioned. This idea of the unconditioned, I claim, belongs solely to pure reason.</p> <p>In the second part of my thesis, starting from what I take to be Kant's basic presuppositions about morality, the most basic being universality of moral rules, and from the Kantian notion of the will, I attempt to reconstruct, in a systematic way an argument leading to the formation of iii particular moral laws or categorical imperatives. Along the way, the various notions of the unconditioned are noted (e.g., the unconditionally good will, the unconditionally good object), and these are linked to the idea of the causally unconditioned, viz., freedom.</p> <p>In the third and final part I make explicit, though in no comprehensive way, the relation between the idea of the unconditioned (and thus pure reason) and morality.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

A novel.

With the establishment of the Directorate of Special Operations (Scorpions), the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU), the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) and the Departmental Investigating Unit (DIU), questions were asked as to whether this is a creation of new units of the Police Service. These questions were exaggerated by the fact that the media uses the term "Scorpions" whenever the Scorpions, the AFU, SIU and the DIU perform their functions. South African legislation that governs organised crime does not demarcate activities to be dealt with by the SAPS, AFU, DIU, Scorpions and the SIU. The Constitution of South Africa lays down the objects of the police, but it is silent about the objectives of the Scorpions, AFU, SIU, DIU and other investigative institutions except that it only mentions the creation of a single National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). A literature study was used as the basis for this study. In addition, unstructured interviews and observation were used to gather evidence from the relevant stakeholders. An analysis of the SAPS Detective Service, the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), the Scorpions, the Departmental Investigating Unit (DIU) of the Department of Correctional Services and the Asset Forfeiture Unit (AFU), was done in order to establish the overlapping of functions. Indeed, overlapping was discovered between the Scorpions and the SAPS Detective Service, the AFU and the SIU, as well as between the SAPS and the DIU. In order to make a proper finding, an analysis was done of anti-corruption agencies in Botswana, Nigeria, Malawi and Hong Kong. The findings indicate that the better way of fighting corruption, fraud, economic and financial crimes, is through the establishment of a single agency that will work independently from the police, with a proper jurisdiction. / Criminology / D.Litt. et Phil.(Police Science)

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

The purpose of this study is to identify how the U.S. is responding to money laundering and what kind of problems arise while countering it, beginning with a detailed description of money laundering, its stages, typologies, impacts, and complications. Due to the broad nature of this subject only three main issues form the focal point of this study: problems concerning the banking industry and other financial organizations, problems resulting from the limitations of law enforcement agencies, and problems arising from the lack of cooperation between and within financial institutions and law enforcement agencies. Several probable solutions to the above problems are identified: Considering the financial industry, there are loopholes in the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and in other regulations that apply to the industry. Thus, there is a comparison of the Subjective Model vs. Objective Model in terms of reporting systems for financial organizations. On the law enforcement side, the priority is the need to update and upgrade their technology and investigation mechanisms in order not to fall behind the criminals. Finally, cooperation is something that can be achieved through mutual respect and understanding of the priorities of each side, which can be achieved by the creation of an upper agency of whose members represent both sides of the combat efforts.

As a proactive, information-based policing approach, problem-oriented policing emphasizes the use of crime analysis techniques in the analysis of the underlying causes of the problems that police deal with. In particular, analysis applications can be powerful tools for criminal investigation, such as crime reconstruction, profiling, IAFIS, VICAP, and CODIS. The SARA Model represents a problem-solving strategy of problemoriented policing. It aims to address the underlying causes of the problems and create substantial solutions. However, implementing problem-oriented policing requires a significant change in both the philosophy and structure of police agencies. Not only American policing but also the Turkish National Police should consider problem-oriented policing as an alternative approach for solving criminal activities.

In this study, the development of the computer related crime will be examined in the first chapter. After a detailed introduction to computer crimes, the most common types of the computer crimes will be examined and the characteristics of the offenders and their motivates will be identified. The general investigation process of the computer crime investigation will be outlined in the second chapter. After attempting to define computer crime, computer criminals and investigation process, a case study related to the topic will be examined and the characteristics and the motives of the criminals will be identified. In the last chapter the response by law enforcement officers to high technology crime will be discussed.

The topic of my thesis is the methodology of murder investigation. The thesis deals with trace evidence formed during commission of the crime of murder, typical investigative situations faced by crime investigators, and some of the subsequent acts. The aim of this thesis is to familiarize with the offense of murder and the specifics of crime scene investigation. Furthermore, this work provides a summary of the knowledge obtained through the study of monographs, articles in professional journals, and some of the court relevant decisions. Finally, the work further outlines some selected questions and points out the potential problems related to crime scene investigation. The thesis consists of five chapters, which are further divided in to subchapters. Following the introduction, the first chapter describes the murder under criminal law and outlines the various classifications of murder, which include plain murder, murder committed with forethought or prior consideration, and manslaughter. Moreover, the chapter discusses the legislation pertinent to the concept of murder, and explores its roots under the criminal law of England and Wales. The second chapter describes the various disciplines of criminalistics. Additionally, the chapter provides an assessment of murder investigation by exploring...

No description available.

L’épidémiologie d’intervention a pour objectif la détection précoce des situations d’alerte sanitaire afin d’apporter une aide à la décision pour le déclenchement d’une réponse visant à en limiter l’impact. Dans le domaine de la santé animale, l’épidémiologie d’intervention se développe sous l’influence d’enjeux sanitaires, économiques et de santé publique. La structuration des activités est nécessaire au développement performant de cette discipline.Dans ce contexte, un modèle pour la structuration opérationnelle de l’épidémiologie d’intervention a été développé selon les principes d’une méthode d’optimisation de la performance reconnue : l’approche processus. L’établissement de ce modèle a reposé sur l’identification des chaînes d’activités (processus) d’une épidémiologie d’intervention performante, adaptée à la santé animale, tout en capitalisant les acquis et les avancées de cette discipline dans le domaine de la santé publique. Ces chaînes d’activités ont été identifiées grâce à l’analyse qualitative rétrospective d’expériences en épidémiologie d’intervention dans différents domaines (santé publique, santé publique vétérinaire, santé animale), en réponse à des contextes variés.Ces analyses rétrospectives ont permis d’identifier des chaînes d’activités vectrices de performance en épidémiologie d’intervention. Ces activités ont été intégrées au modèle proposé pour la structuration opérationnelle de cette discipline.L’objectif serait désormais d’assurer la mise en œuvre des chaînes d’activités identifiées via un système intégré global, à même de détecter et de documenter toute maladie animale, ou menace liée aux animaux, et d’informer la prise de mesures adéquates pour son controle / Emerging disease surveillance and investigation aim at the early detection of any health threat in order to perform a comprehensive analysis of the disease situation to help target an appropriate response. Its expansion in the field of animal health is led by major health, economic, and public health drivers. In support of this ongoing development, a standard structure for improved emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation capacities was established. This structure was based on a Business Process Management (BPM) approach.The primary goal of this work was to identify chains of activities (processes) that can support the most successful implementation of emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation, while buidling on the achievements made in the public health area. These chains of activities were identified through a qualitative retrospective analysis of various experiences of emerging disease surveillance and investigation, in the domains of public health, veterinary public health and animal heath, in distinct contexts ranging from a routine investigation to a major sanitary crisis.These analysis resulted in the identification of standard chains of activities that can support a successful implementation of emerging disease surveillance and investigation. These chains of activities were integrated in a standard structure for enhanced emerging animal disease surveillance and investigation capacities.The goal should now be to set up an integrated global system that would routinely implement these chains of activities and allow for the detection and description of any animal disease or threat to help inform prevention and control strategies