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<p>Abstract</p><p>Purpose/Aim: My study aims to analyse, using Pierre Bourdieu´s theory, whether the social background plays a significant part in the attitudes and use of Apples mp3-player iPod. The study also aims to determine whether it is possible to group the focus groups used in my study and iPod into Bourdieu´s model.</p><p>Material/Method: The reference material used in this paper is mainly gathered from books concerning Pierre Bourdieu´s theories. I have also had four focus groups of two different characters, to study their attitudes towards Apples mp3-player iPod. I have then applied the results of the focus groups to Bourdieu´s theories and models concerning habitus, social fields, capital and lifestyles, and studied whether there are any divergences in attitudes between the groups.</p><p>Main results: My findings are that the focus groups as well as iPod can be put into Bourdieu´s model. According to the responses from the people in the focus groups, the attitude and usage of iPod do not mirror people’s social class or background, which goes against Bourdieu´s’ theory. Instead, the taste and attitude towards iPod seem to be based on people’s individual choices, which better ties in with Anthony Gidden’s reasoning. Thus, it seems that Apple have managed to develop a product that attracts people of different social class and background.</p><p>Key words: iPod, habitus, social fields, capital, lifestyles, social background, focus group, status 1</p>

Abstract Purpose/Aim: My study aims to analyse, using Pierre Bourdieu´s theory, whether the social background plays a significant part in the attitudes and use of Apples mp3-player iPod. The study also aims to determine whether it is possible to group the focus groups used in my study and iPod into Bourdieu´s model. Material/Method: The reference material used in this paper is mainly gathered from books concerning Pierre Bourdieu´s theories. I have also had four focus groups of two different characters, to study their attitudes towards Apples mp3-player iPod. I have then applied the results of the focus groups to Bourdieu´s theories and models concerning habitus, social fields, capital and lifestyles, and studied whether there are any divergences in attitudes between the groups. Main results: My findings are that the focus groups as well as iPod can be put into Bourdieu´s model. According to the responses from the people in the focus groups, the attitude and usage of iPod do not mirror people’s social class or background, which goes against Bourdieu´s’ theory. Instead, the taste and attitude towards iPod seem to be based on people’s individual choices, which better ties in with Anthony Gidden’s reasoning. Thus, it seems that Apple have managed to develop a product that attracts people of different social class and background. Key words: iPod, habitus, social fields, capital, lifestyles, social background, focus group, status 1

在台灣市場中，蘋果電腦iPod的經營模式並不能像國外一般，採取iPod搭配iTunes的方式，因為iTunes在台灣現在尚未開放合法的音樂下載。可是iPod依然在台灣造成一股旋風，蘋果電腦每推出一iPod新機型，都會在MP3市場上丟下一顆震撼彈，尤其在iPod nano推出時，市場出現預購和搶購的情形，iPod儼然已經成為MP3 Player的代名詞，並增加許多原本不是蘋果電腦忠實顧客的購買者，如果美國的成功模式是因搭配iTunes音樂商店的緣故，那台灣的消費者為何會選擇購買iPod，這是本研究選取iPod作為討論對象的主因。另一個研究重點則是探討，iPod使用者對於iPod的態度是不是會影響對於蘋果電腦其他商品的態度，進而影響使用者對於蘋果電腦其他商品的購買意願。 研究結果顯示，iPod使用者對iPod的認知、認同以及所感受到的群體壓力與對iPod的態度呈現正相關；在對iPod的忠誠度部分，認知和認同也是呈現正相關。至於iPod使用者的流行創新接受度部分，研究結果顯示，iPod使用者對iPod的態度，並不會因個人流行創新接受度越高，而對iPod的態度越正面。再者，台灣消費者雖然不像美國消費者可以利用iTunes音樂商店購買音樂，因而與iPod間建立起高專屬資產，卻仍然會因為特殊的使用方式建立起專屬資產。 此外實証結果亦顯示，iPod的使用者對於蘋果電腦其他商品的正面態度會直接影響其對於蘋果電腦其他商品的購買意願，因此當iPod使用者對於非iPod之蘋果電腦的商品態度越正面，將使其提升對於蘋果電腦其他商品的購買意願。iPod使用者對於iPod的態度將正面影響對蘋果電腦其他商品的態度，但是iPod使用者對於iPod的忠誠度並不會影響其對於蘋果電腦其他商品的態度，即使用者對於iPod高忠誠度越高，並不代表將會對蘋果電腦其他商品的態度越佳。不過對於蘋果其他商品的態度將影響對於蘋果電腦其他商品的購買意願，因此可以透過iPod使用者對於iPod的態度，正面影響對於蘋果電腦其他商品的態度，進而提升購買意願。所以即使對iPod忠誠度高無法移轉到對於蘋果電腦其他商品的態度，蘋果電腦仍是可以直接透過態度與態度之間的直接關係，提升購買意願。

Ce mémoire questionne le processus créatif et la finalité de l’art. Qu’est-ce que l’art, qu’est-ce qu’un artiste, qu’est-ce qu’une œuvre, aujourd’hui et depuis toujours ? Une œuvre se concrétise-t-elle toujours par un objet fini ? Pour l’artiste l’œuvre et la vie ne forment-elles pas un tout ? L’art n’est-il pas une manière de vivre et, réciproquement, la vie, une réalisation de l’art ? Des réponses à ces questions sont cherchées à travers le travail d’artistes tels Lee Friedlander, Francis Alÿs, Gabriel Orozco, Tehching Hsieh, ainsi qu’à travers mon propre cheminement, à travers le quotidien, l’ordinaire de la vie. Tout au long du projet de recherche, dont le présent mémoire est le compte-rendu, la dérive, la déambulation ou la marche sont utilisées non seulement comme médium de création artistique mais comme métaphore du processus de création. Ce sont les éléments collectés à partir d’un iPod Touch, au hasard d’une année de déambulations, qui serviront de base pour illustrer les diverses conclusions tirées de ces questionnements alors qu’ils seront re-présentés et ré-animés dans une installation qui concrétisera les résultats de cette démarche sous trois formes différentes, qui ont toutes en commun la succession comme principe de matérialisation, l’animation de type stop-motion, la planche contact et le livre.

TITLE: Podcast as a didactic aid of teacher AUTHOR: Bc. Miloslav Khas DEPARTMENT: Department of Information & Technical Education SUPERVISOR: Ing. Bořivoj Brdička, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: Use of podcast as an educational medium is the principal and crucial topic of this thesis. The diploma thesis is focused on history and development of this phenomenon and points to the possibilities of podcast use at primary schools. The goal of this thesis is to show not only the advantages and benefit of the podcast for pupils and the teacher, but also to highlight the possible problems during its use and introduction. The theoretical part is dealing with aspects and podcast use at schools and provides an overview of existing researches. The other part is giving us an overview of existing solutions and good examples of practice at Czech schools and schools in abroad. The main part represents an experiment description including own solution proposal used at the primary school in Staňkov. This thesis can serve as a podcast guide for other possible interested persons striving for similar activities. KEYWORDS: Podcast, iPod, information and communication technology, MP3, sound, video, audio records, education, competence, school radio.

Science fiction has long promised the digitalization of books. Characters in films and television routinely check their palm-sized (or smaller) electronic displays for fast-scrolling information. However, this very technology, increasingly prevalent in today's world, has not been embraced universally. While the convenience of pocket-sized information pieces has the techno-savvy entranced, the general public still greets the advent of the e-book with a curious reluctance. This lack of enthusiasm seems strange in the face of the many advantages offered by the new medium - vastly superior storage capacity, searchability, portability, lower cost, and instantaneous access. This dissertation addresses the need for research examining the reading comprehension and the role emotional response plays in the perceived performance on e-document formats as compared to traditional paper format. This study compares the relative reading comprehension on three formats (Kindle, iTouch, and paper) and examines the relationship of subject's emotional response and relative technology exposure as factors that affect how the subject perceives they have performed on those formats. This study demonstrates that, for basic reading comprehension, the medium does not matter. Furthermore, it shows that, the more uncomfortable a person is with technology and expertise in the requested task (in this case, reading), the more they cling to the belief that they will do better on traditional (paper) media - regardless of how well they actually do.

xvi, 120 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Instructional use of the iPod Touch is increasing as evidenced by anecdotal reports of its efficacy as a learning tool. However, research documenting the impact of this technology has been limited. This study was based on the following research questions: (a) Does providing explicit reading comprehension strategy instruction using an iPod Touch increase students' reading comprehension outcomes based on standardized reading tests and multiple-choice probe measures when compared to a No Support comparison group? (b) Does providing different types of electronic text support increase students' reading comprehension outcomes, and if so, which type of support is most effective? (c) Does providing different levels of electronic text support influence students' attitudes toward the use of comprehension strategies as well as using an iPod Touch for this task? Participants included 155 sixth-grade students at a public middle school. Students were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups; (a) Notational Only support (a note-taking sheet), (b) Notational + Instructional support (embedded prompts), and (c) Notational + Instructional + Translational support (audio version of the text and prompts) and received reading comprehension strategy instruction and text support using an iPod Touch. An intact No Support ( N = 61) group that did not receive instruction or text support but read the texts using an iPod Touch was used as a quasi-experimental comparison group. Two standardized reading comprehension measures were employed at pretest and posttest as well as researcher developed probe measures that were used throughout the study. An ANOVA analysis determined that no statistically significant differences existed between the groups at pretest. An ANCOVA with pretest scores as a covariate found no statistically significant differences between groups on the standardized reading comprehension measures. Because of a high level of variation among the probe measure data, including significant missing data, these results were not analyzed statistically and were reported descriptively. Students responded positively to survey questions about using the iPod Touch for summarization strategy instruction and the text supports. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Edward J. Kame'enui, Chair; Dr. Kathleen Scalise; Dr. Louis Moses; Dr. Lynne Anderson-Inman

Since the introduction of the Walkman in the 1980s, an increasing amount of people are using mobile music devices in our urban environments. The research on the sociological aspects of this phenomenon has become known as the ‘iPod culture’. It describes people aestheticising these noisy urban environments by replacing them with mobile music listening, which presents obvious benefits regarding personal entertainment and wellbeing. However, some studies have revealed several cases of users experiencing social isolation as a consequence of using mobile music devices. Therefore, this study explores the problem of designing a user experience that can provide the appealing qualities of mobile music listening while simultaneously enabling spatial and social awareness of the urban environment. The study explores this problem by applying a methodology inspired by research through design, involving an iterative design process centred around the design of a mobile reactive music prototype application, which was eventually named Reactiscape. To validate and evaluate the success of the prototype design, different stakeholders have been involved throughout the entire design process. The results show that the users experienced a stronger connection to the urban soundscape when using Reactiscape, while still maintaining a musically appealing user experience. In a broader sense, these results indicate that novel mobile technology design has every opportunity to increase real world social interaction, rather than being a source of social isolation.