This paper investigates the relationship between the two modernist writers Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf. The two authors had a frail and complicated friendship that influenced their fiction and fictional characters more than the general public knows. My paper investigates how Woolf can have found her fictional story ideas direct from their friendship. With a comparative theory I’m finding and giving examples of how their friendship is reflected in their fictional stories, and I’m backing up my examples with citations from their own diaries, letters and notebooks. Another important part in my paper is the theme of masks and multiple identities. The two authors both expressed the need to hide behind different masks in order to please the society and their surroundings. This feeling, and this theme of multi pleidentities, also shines through in their fiction, and I will exemplify it with parts from their novels and short stories, and also develop my own thoughts on why they felt the need to use these false masks.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DELIANE LEITE TEIXEIRA.pdf: 1094031 bytes, checksum: 2d765256b6951eae3685b9fe1c459eaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / This paper aims to bring the translation of Bliss tale written by Katherine Mansfield, the theory of translation transcriativa Haroldo de Campos. Therefore, we seek the translation of Ana Cristina Cesar brands that refer to this translation model, which has its main assumptions in the work with the metalanguage. We propose initially a study that captures the function and task of the translator as well as draw a kind of translation archeology (VENUTI, 2000) in order to understand how the evolution of the translation method "sense of direction" contributed so much to creation of a Theory of Translation, as positively contaminated the work of German Romantic poets, in addition to translation studies Benjamin, Paz and Campos. The research is also about the translated version of Bliss tale, performed by Erico Verissimo, which shows up as an important cultural apparatus, given its time of production. As well as to make the necessary counterpoint to translation by Cesar. Thus the thesis presented here, appreciates the work done by translators studied in order to understand how the seizure of the poetic object, from an ideological point of view, acts on translation projects Cesar and Verissimo. It is possible, at this meeting versions, highlight speech marks, gender and Interpretation granting the translation by Cesar, the construction that meets the principles transcriativos fields and reveal the genius of the poet, critic and translator stylistic brevity at the expense of language poetic. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo aproximar a tradução do conto Bliss da escritora Katherine Mansfield, da teoria da tradução transcriativa de Haroldo de Campos. Para tanto, buscamos na tradução realizada por Ana Cristina Cesar, as marcas que dão conta do modelo transcriativo e seus pressupostos principais o trabalho com a metalinguagem. Propomos incialmente um estudo que resgata a função e tarefa do tradutor, bem como traçamos uma espécie de arqueologia da tradução (VENUTI, 2000), a fim de compreendermos de que forma a evolução do método de tradutório ―sentido por sentido‖ contribuiu tanto para a criação de uma Teoria da Tradução, bem como contaminou positivamente o trabalho dos poetas Românticos Alemães, além dos estudos de tradução de Benjamin, Paz e Campos. A pesquisa vale-se, também, da versão traduzida do conto Bliss, realizada pelo escritor Érico Veríssimo, que se mostra como importante aparato cultural, dada sua época de produção, destarte, para fazer o contraponto necessário à tradução realizada por Cesar. A dissertação aqui apresentada, valoriza o trabalho realizado pelos tradutores estudados, a fim de compreender de que forma a apreensão do objeto poético, sob o ponto de vista ideológico, age nos projetos tradutórios tanto de Cesar, como de Veríssimo. É possível, nesse encontro de versões, evidenciar marcas de discurso, gênero e interpretação que concedem a tradução realizada por Cesar, a construção que atende aos princípios transcriativos de Campos e revelam a genialidade da poetisa, crítica e tradutora na concisão estilística em detrimento da linguagem poética.

The relationship between modernist fiction and visual culture has received substantial critical attention in recent years. However, many of the studies on this intermediality focus primarily on the drama, poetry, and novels of male authors, with Virginia Woolf being the only significant exception to this rule. I propose that this engagement with the visual in modernist fiction has a different social and cultural significance in the works of women writers. With reference to the short stories of Katherine Mansfield, I will explore the attempt to establish a female literary voice in what was perhaps the greatest transitory period for the role of women in the Western world. Although studies exist that consider the relationship between Mansfield’s writing and modern art and cinema, this thesis will provide a wider context for this period of cultural history. I take a variety of technological advancements into account, examining they ways in which they collectively provided the inspiration behind modernist literature’s new subjectivity of vision. As well as film, I will discuss the arts that developed prior to or alongside it, from the magic lantern to photography, and the impact they had on literature as writers sought new forms of representation. Furthermore, I believe that I will be able to examine this shift in cultural consciousness in a unique way through my focus on Mansfield, an author whose experimental work has received far less critical attention in terms of its engagement with other media than that of her contemporaries. Through reference to the visual arts, Mansfield was able to subjectively focalise her short stories through the eyes of her characters, presenting the ways in which women see and are seen in early twentieth-century society.

This thesis considers Katherine Mansfield’s development as a writer in relation to late nineteenth and early twentieth century developments and trends in the visual arts in New Zealand, England and France. Mansfield’s notebooks, letters and stories evidence a definite response to developments in modern art and reveal that she aligned herself more closely with painters than with her literary colleagues; something Francis Carco hints at in his fictional account of her in Les Innocents (1916): he describes Mansfield as a predatory and exploitative woman with a detached manner, who “used him just the way a painter uses a model, studying character and movements” (cited in Mortelier 150). There exists in Mansfield’s stories evidence of the influence of the Impressionist and, to a lesser degree, the Post-Impressionist painters. While this influence has been noted by a selection of critics or rather her work has been described as impressionistic, it has been neither explored nor substantiated from an art historical perspective. My methodology has entailed identifying the defining characteristics of Mansfield’s stories that are also found in Impressionism, in as much as two different aesthetic forms can be compared. I then trace the exhibition history and contemporaneous criticism of modern French art in London and Paris alongside Mansfield’s trajectory in adulthood to ascertain the degree of exposure she had to Impressionism. In addition to that which she encountered in Europe, much consideration has been given to the artistic milieu of New Zealand prior to and following her schooling in London. I have sought to identify which of the modern artists and styles Mansfield most closely identified with, and to determine how precisely and extensively she applied the Impressionists’ painterly techniques and stylistic effects to her own prose. Broadly speaking, Mansfield’s preferred subjects may be grouped under three titles: Domestic Interiors, Urban Landscapes and Rural Landscapes – these were also the Impressionists’ favoured subjects. These categories, then, form the basis of my investigations.1 This thesis also explores the degree to which Mansfield’s colonial upbringing influenced, inspired and determined the themes and issues she chose to address, from the various forms of expression that were available to her to inherit and modify. My research reveals how both the cultural climate and the unique light and landscape of her own country made her susceptible to the ideas of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists, even before she reached the more art-oriented cities of London and Paris. Mansfield’s status as a foreigner in Europe allowed her greater freedom to experiment and greater licence to borrow from other cultural forms and traditions. Though strains of Realism, Naturalism, Symbolism and 1 The consequence of choosing to structure my material around Mansfield’s three dominant subjects has resulted in some degree of repetition within this manuscript. This also means, however, that the individual chapters are strong enough to stand alone and thus this doctoral thesis should prove a valuable reservoir for future research. 6 Expressionism are all evident in Mansfield’s modernist fiction, it is the impressionistic quality of her work – evident in the fleeting and evocative sketches of the everyday – that is the overriding feature. Her colonial heritage was not only a significant factor in this development, but to a degree, the enabling condition – allowing her to reconcile the lessons of Europe within a New Zealand literary context resulting in a unique brand of Colonial Impressionism. NOTE ON THE TEXT Mansfield’s inconsistent and idiosyncratic spelling and punctuation have been retained within quotes in this thesis. In her letters she often dispensed with apostrophes and rarely used commas, instead preferring the dash. When citing, I have chosen not to follow these particular oddities with [sic] as these would be too numerous and would disrupt the flow of the text. I have instead followed the conventions of Mansfield’s editors.

This thesis reconsiders in detail the connections between a selection of innovative female modernist writers who experimented variously with stream-of-consciousness techniques, May Sinclair, Dorothy Richardson, Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf. It describes in this context the impact of the philosophy and thoughts of both William James and Henri Bergson upon these women writers’ literary work. It also argues for a fundamental revision of existing understandings of this interconnection by considering the feminist context of such work and recognising that the work of these four female writers in effect incorporates a ‘gendered’ reading of James and Bergson (encountered both directly and indirectly through the cultural and intellectual zeitgeist). In establishing a feminist perspective as key elements of their aesthetic the thesis explores the vital influence of existing tradition of female autobiography upon their reception and usage of both James and Bergson. The latter’s impact on such women writers were so distinctive and powerful as the work of these philosophers seemed to speak directly to contemporary feminist concerns and in that context to represent a way of thinking about society and culture. This echoes and has parallels with existing attempts at revisions of patriarchal society and creating new spaces for female independence. In the above context the thesis reviews existing research on the impact of James and Bergson on these four writers and offers new insights into how each of them made use of these two seminal thinkers by analysing the relationship between theories, selected literary and philosophical texts. Stream-of-consciousness ought to be seen as a distinctive, specific tradition connected with feminist concerns and as a way of writing the inner and hidden self, rather than just a narrow formal feature of literary texts; it offers women a continuing, creative exploration of its possibilities as fictional practice. The female modernists included in this account represent the celebrated: Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield, together with writers largely and unjustly forgotten in subsequent periods: Dorothy Richardson and May Sinclair. However, the thesis demonstrates that such female modernist writers gained much from being part of a range of informal networks, being almost within a tradition in which they learnt, borrowed and reacted to each other; an interconnection that requires new critical recognition.

Orientador: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: John Milton / Banca: Antonio Roberto Esteves / Resumo: O presente trabalho pretende fazer uma análise da tradução para o português de alguns contos da obra Bliss & other stories, de Katherine Mansfield, feita pelo escritor Érico Veríssimo. Propomos uma comparação da tradução com o texto de partida a fim de avaliar as soluções tradutórias encontradas na transmissão dos efeitos de sentido propostos pela autora e, por conseguinte, abordar o caráter tradutório do escritor, já que é um ramo de sua atividade profissional não difundido amiúde, embora tenha sido de extrema relevância para seus trabalhos literários posteriores. Assim, verificamos se o tradutor em questão teve o que Ohmann denomina "intuição estilística". Em uma primeira instância, apresentamos um levantamento das principais teorias acerca da tradução e da vertente desconstrutivista, de Jacques Derrida, na qual nos baseamos para a realização da apreciação das traduções. O estudo da relação entre Katherine Mansfield e Érico Veríssimo por meio da tradução aprimora a tradutologia, já que nos permite analisar a postura de um escritor/tradutor perante uma prosa poética. E, por fim, os contos representativos do estilo da escritora neozelandesa e as traduções destes, feitas por Érico Veríssimo, foram analisados a fim de formularmos as devidas conclusões. Para tanto, tomamos como base teórica a teoria desconstrutivista, bem como considerações realizadas por estudiosos da tradução, como Francis Henrik Aubert, José Paulo Paes, Haroldo de Campos, entre outros. / Abstract: The present work intends to analyze the translation into Portuguese of some of the short stories of Bliss & other stories, by Katherine Mansfield, done by the writer Érico Veríssimo. We propose a comparison of the translation with the source text in order to evaluate the solutions of translation found in the transmission of the sense effects proposed by the author and, consequently, to approach the writer's translator character , because it is a branch of his professional activity that isn't spread frequently, although it has been of extreme relevance to his subsequent literary works. So, we verified if the translator presents what Ohmann denominates "stylistic intuition". In a first instance, we presented a survey of the main theories concerning translation and the deconstructionist theory of Jacques Derrida, on which we were based for the accomplishment of the appreciation of the translations. The study of the relationship between Katherine Mansfield and Érico Veríssimo through the translation perfects translation studies, since it allows analyzing the posture of a writer/translator before a poetic prose. And, finally, the New Zealand writer's short stories and their translations, done by Érico Veríssimo, were analyzed in order to formulate the due conclusions. We took as theoretical base the deconstructionist theory, as well as considerations from specialists in translation studies, such as Francis Henrik Aubert, José Paulo Paes, Haroldo of Campos, and others. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_ls_me_assis.pdf: 433423 bytes, checksum: d0b316992a223d7da8ec5962939a02e3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Secretaria da Educação / O presente trabalho pretende fazer uma análise da tradução para o português de alguns contos da obra Bliss & other stories, de Katherine Mansfield, feita pelo escritor Érico Veríssimo. Propomos uma comparação da tradução com o texto de partida a fim de avaliar as soluções tradutórias encontradas na transmissão dos efeitos de sentido propostos pela autora e, por conseguinte, abordar o caráter tradutório do escritor, já que é um ramo de sua atividade profissional não difundido amiúde, embora tenha sido de extrema relevância para seus trabalhos literários posteriores. Assim, verificamos se o tradutor em questão teve o que Ohmann denomina “intuição estilística”. Em uma primeira instância, apresentamos um levantamento das principais teorias acerca da tradução e da vertente desconstrutivista, de Jacques Derrida, na qual nos baseamos para a realização da apreciação das traduções. O estudo da relação entre Katherine Mansfield e Érico Veríssimo por meio da tradução aprimora a tradutologia, já que nos permite analisar a postura de um escritor/tradutor perante uma prosa poética. E, por fim, os contos representativos do estilo da escritora neozelandesa e as traduções destes, feitas por Érico Veríssimo, foram analisados a fim de formularmos as devidas conclusões. Para tanto, tomamos como base teórica a teoria desconstrutivista, bem como considerações realizadas por estudiosos da tradução, como Francis Henrik Aubert, José Paulo Paes, Haroldo de Campos, entre outros. / The present work intends to analyze the translation into Portuguese of some of the short stories of Bliss & other stories, by Katherine Mansfield, done by the writer Érico Veríssimo. We propose a comparison of the translation with the source text in order to evaluate the solutions of translation found in the transmission of the sense effects proposed by the author and, consequently, to approach the writer's translator character , because it is a branch of his professional activity that isn’t spread frequently, although it has been of extreme relevance to his subsequent literary works. So, we verified if the translator presents what Ohmann denominates stylistic intuition. In a first instance, we presented a survey of the main theories concerning translation and the deconstructionist theory of Jacques Derrida, on which we were based for the accomplishment of the appreciation of the translations. The study of the relationship between Katherine Mansfield and Érico Veríssimo through the translation perfects translation studies, since it allows analyzing the posture of a writer/translator before a poetic prose. And, finally, the New Zealand writer's short stories and their translations, done by Érico Veríssimo, were analyzed in order to formulate the due conclusions. We took as theoretical base the deconstructionist theory, as well as considerations from specialists in translation studies, such as Francis Henrik Aubert, José Paulo Paes, Haroldo of Campos, and others.

A presente dissertação analisa comparativamente as traduções dos contos Bliss, Miss Brill e The Garden Party, da escritora neozelandesa Katherine Mansfield, disponíveis ao leitor brasileiro. Mansfield é escritora de reconhecido talento na literatura de língua inglesa, e sua escrita se caracteriza por textos formalmente bem construídos e por narrativas com pouca ação, nas quais o centro são os conflitos internos dos personagens. A comparação é realizada através da aproximação de trechos selecionados a partir de características formais, ou da tensão relativa ao momento narrado. O objetivo é verificar os procedimentos usados para a tradução da obra da escritora e, por consequência, da imagem da contista delineada e veiculada pelas diferentes traduções. Para tanto, são abordados, entre outros, os conceitos de conto moderno, de prosa poética, de tradução poética, proposto por Mario Laranjeira e de tradução como transcriação, de Haroldo de Campos. Os tradutores estudados neste trabalho são Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura e Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Defensores de diferentes concepções de tradução, cada um dos tradutores deixou sua marca no resultado de seu trabalho, a qual contribui para a construção da leitura que se fará da autora no Brasil. Os textos são analisados à luz do referencial teórico apresentado, sendo apontadas as principais diferenças de tradução. Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões do trabalho e propõem-se possibilidades de novas investigações. / This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the translations of Bliss, Miss Brill and The Garden Party, short stories written by the New Zealander writer Katherine Mansfield. The corpus includes all the translations of the mentioned short stories available to Brazilian readers. Mansfield is a well known English writer, and her writing presents formally well-constructed texts and stories that show little action, but are full of internal conflicts. The development of this work consists on the approach of selected excerpts, chosen either by their formal characteristics or the tension related to the story. The objective is to verify the proceedures used in the translation of the author´s writing and her image conveyed by the translation selection of words and other linguistic resources. For that, many ideas are taken into account, including, among others, the concept of modern short story, poetic prose, poetic translation, developed by Mario Laranjeira and translation as an act of “transcriação”, developed by Haroldo de Campos. The translators taken into consideration in this thesis are Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura and Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Since each of these translators understands the translation process in a different way, they also create different ways of reading and interpreting the original text. The selected short stories are considered according to the theoretical support and the most important translation differences are shown. At last, the conclusion brings the main ideas developed in the thesis and present new possible studies.

A presente dissertação analisa comparativamente as traduções dos contos Bliss, Miss Brill e The Garden Party, da escritora neozelandesa Katherine Mansfield, disponíveis ao leitor brasileiro. Mansfield é escritora de reconhecido talento na literatura de língua inglesa, e sua escrita se caracteriza por textos formalmente bem construídos e por narrativas com pouca ação, nas quais o centro são os conflitos internos dos personagens. A comparação é realizada através da aproximação de trechos selecionados a partir de características formais, ou da tensão relativa ao momento narrado. O objetivo é verificar os procedimentos usados para a tradução da obra da escritora e, por consequência, da imagem da contista delineada e veiculada pelas diferentes traduções. Para tanto, são abordados, entre outros, os conceitos de conto moderno, de prosa poética, de tradução poética, proposto por Mario Laranjeira e de tradução como transcriação, de Haroldo de Campos. Os tradutores estudados neste trabalho são Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura e Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Defensores de diferentes concepções de tradução, cada um dos tradutores deixou sua marca no resultado de seu trabalho, a qual contribui para a construção da leitura que se fará da autora no Brasil. Os textos são analisados à luz do referencial teórico apresentado, sendo apontadas as principais diferenças de tradução. Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões do trabalho e propõem-se possibilidades de novas investigações. / This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the translations of Bliss, Miss Brill and The Garden Party, short stories written by the New Zealander writer Katherine Mansfield. The corpus includes all the translations of the mentioned short stories available to Brazilian readers. Mansfield is a well known English writer, and her writing presents formally well-constructed texts and stories that show little action, but are full of internal conflicts. The development of this work consists on the approach of selected excerpts, chosen either by their formal characteristics or the tension related to the story. The objective is to verify the proceedures used in the translation of the author´s writing and her image conveyed by the translation selection of words and other linguistic resources. For that, many ideas are taken into account, including, among others, the concept of modern short story, poetic prose, poetic translation, developed by Mario Laranjeira and translation as an act of “transcriação”, developed by Haroldo de Campos. The translators taken into consideration in this thesis are Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura and Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Since each of these translators understands the translation process in a different way, they also create different ways of reading and interpreting the original text. The selected short stories are considered according to the theoretical support and the most important translation differences are shown. At last, the conclusion brings the main ideas developed in the thesis and present new possible studies.

A presente dissertação analisa comparativamente as traduções dos contos Bliss, Miss Brill e The Garden Party, da escritora neozelandesa Katherine Mansfield, disponíveis ao leitor brasileiro. Mansfield é escritora de reconhecido talento na literatura de língua inglesa, e sua escrita se caracteriza por textos formalmente bem construídos e por narrativas com pouca ação, nas quais o centro são os conflitos internos dos personagens. A comparação é realizada através da aproximação de trechos selecionados a partir de características formais, ou da tensão relativa ao momento narrado. O objetivo é verificar os procedimentos usados para a tradução da obra da escritora e, por consequência, da imagem da contista delineada e veiculada pelas diferentes traduções. Para tanto, são abordados, entre outros, os conceitos de conto moderno, de prosa poética, de tradução poética, proposto por Mario Laranjeira e de tradução como transcriação, de Haroldo de Campos. Os tradutores estudados neste trabalho são Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura e Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Defensores de diferentes concepções de tradução, cada um dos tradutores deixou sua marca no resultado de seu trabalho, a qual contribui para a construção da leitura que se fará da autora no Brasil. Os textos são analisados à luz do referencial teórico apresentado, sendo apontadas as principais diferenças de tradução. Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões do trabalho e propõem-se possibilidades de novas investigações. / This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the translations of Bliss, Miss Brill and The Garden Party, short stories written by the New Zealander writer Katherine Mansfield. The corpus includes all the translations of the mentioned short stories available to Brazilian readers. Mansfield is a well known English writer, and her writing presents formally well-constructed texts and stories that show little action, but are full of internal conflicts. The development of this work consists on the approach of selected excerpts, chosen either by their formal characteristics or the tension related to the story. The objective is to verify the proceedures used in the translation of the author´s writing and her image conveyed by the translation selection of words and other linguistic resources. For that, many ideas are taken into account, including, among others, the concept of modern short story, poetic prose, poetic translation, developed by Mario Laranjeira and translation as an act of “transcriação”, developed by Haroldo de Campos. The translators taken into consideration in this thesis are Erico Verissimo, Ana Cristina César, Edla Van Steen, Eduardo Brandão, Julieta Cupertino, Maura Sardinha, Luiza Lobo, Marcos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura and Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Since each of these translators understands the translation process in a different way, they also create different ways of reading and interpreting the original text. The selected short stories are considered according to the theoretical support and the most important translation differences are shown. At last, the conclusion brings the main ideas developed in the thesis and present new possible studies.