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BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnant women continues to be a public health problem in India. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy is particularly high in the tribal conflict areas of India such as Chhattisgarh. Pregnant women have less acquired immunity protecting them against malaria than non-pregnant women of child bearing age. The decreased immunity results in a much more severe presentation of malaria symptoms, and potential death of both mother and fetus during malaria in pregnancy. Recognizing the need for effective malaria interventions in pregnant women, global and national malaria prevention and treatment guidelines have been established. Practice of these guidelines has been found to be inadequate in the Asian Pacific Region. LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS: Qualitative studies on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of malaria interventions have demonstrated that meeting communities at their level of understanding is essential in circumventing malaria spread. In an effort to create a synergy between health care workers, national and global malaria control strategies and pregnant women, there is the need to identify pregnant women’s knowledge, attitudes and practices of malaria interventions. Currently, there is no data on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women in the conflict districts of Chhattisgarh, India, where malaria prevalence and related symptoms have been identified to be significantly high. PROPOSED PROJECT: This study seeks to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of malaria prevention and treatment in pregnant women in the conflict areas of Chhattisgarh, India, using a cross-sectional qualitative research design. This study will highlight the understanding of malaria transmission, perceptions of cause, recognition of signs and symptoms, treatment-seeking behaviors, preventive measures and practices of pregnant women who visit the antenatal clinic and those who do not. CONCLUSION: If this study demonstrates knowledge and attitudes that favor customary or unproven methods of malaria interventions as shown in previous studies, then this may explain the present rate of MIP in these districts and hence the need for specific mediations for controlling and preventing malaria in this populace. SIGNIFICANCE: Findings from this study will help inform malaria education programs, health policies and practices that are tailored or targeted towards pregnant women in Chhattisgarh, India.

Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl’s external genital organs are removed.  Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care. Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim. Eriksson, Birkler, Dahlberg and Segersten’s nursing theory was used as background in the discussion. Results: The analysis process resulted in six categories: laws and guidelines, offence, communication, knowledge, vulnerability and nursing. The results showed that offence occur extensively against genitally mutilated women and the exposure of these women. The results also showed a strong need for knowledge, laws and guidelines. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to have a basic knowledge of female circumcision and clear guidelines to ensure good care. The nurse should also keep themselves updated of new research and search for knowledge to improve their care.

Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_AngelaFerreiraSilvaMiranda_M.pdf: 8133917 bytes, checksum: 2ddba523f4ac0561b3078da05e510508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A gravidez na adolescência é um problema de saúde pública, que traz complicações não somente aos adolescentes, mas à criança, à família e a toda a sociedade. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) a adolescência corresponde como sendo a segunda fase da vida e varia as idades entre 10 e 19 anos. Pesquisadores demógrafos desenvolveram um modelo especial conhecido como estudo CAP (Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática), que pretende medir o conhecimento, atitude e prática de uma população, permitindo fazer um diagnóstico e mostrar o que as pessoas sabem, sentem e como elas se comportam perante determinado tema. Determinadas características de personalidade contribuem para a adesão ou não da anticoncepção na adolescência, e isso é o que a escala de lócus de controle pretende avaliar, ou seja, quem ou o quê é responsável pelo controle de sua própria vida. Pode ser interna, no caso do indivíduo acreditar que mantém o controle sobre sua vida; ou externa, no caso do sujeito atribuir o controle da sua vida a outras pessoas, entidades ou até mesmo sorte ou destino. O presente estudo visa avaliar a relação entre o lócus de controle; conhecimento, atitude e prática na anticoncepção em um grupo de adolescentes do ensino médio de escolas públicas no interior de Minas Gerais, a fim de melhor subsidiar o desenvolvimento de intervenções específicas para esse público alvo. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 1193 adolescentes. Iniciaram as relações sexuais 494 (41,4%) adolescentes, e dentre os que haviam iniciado, 424 (87%) relatou ter usado algum método contraceptivo na primeira relação sexual. Os métodos mais utilizados foram o preservativo masculino e a pílula anticoncepcional. Observou-se que 282 (74,7%) dos adolescentes buscam informações por meio de sugestões da família, do companheiro e de informações dadas pelos profissionais de saúde. Analisando o conhecimento em relação à prática, observou-se uma correlação positiva fraca (p<0,0001 e r=0,361), indicando que quanto maior os índices de conhecimento, maiores os de prática. Considerando-se a relação entre atitude e conhecimento, o adolescente que tem uma atitude positiva apresentou maior conhecimento sobre os métodos (p=0,0002). Em relação à prática, a atitude positiva também estava relacionada a uma prática mais adequada (p<0,0001), indicada pelos índices mais elevados de acerto das questões relacionadas. Comparando a pílula e o preservativo, há um maior conhecimento e prática em relação ao preservativo. Quanto ao lócus de controle, as adolescentes do sexo feminino tiveram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos quando comparados com os adolescentes masculinos (p=0,0015). Na correlação do lócus de controle com a idade, os adolescentes com idade acima de 17 anos tem maior Externalidade Acaso (p=<0,0001) que os de menor idade. Os estudantes que fizeram uso de algum método anticoncepcional na primeira relação sexual apresentaram maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos (p=0,0107) e o uso de coito interrompido, como uso de contraceptivo, relacionou-se com maior Externalidade Acaso (p=0,0013). Os que faziam uso atual de algum método apresentavam maior Externalidade Outros Poderosos (p=0,0217) e Externalidade Acaso (p=0,0077), o uso atual de preservativo masculino também esteve associado a maior Externalidade Acaso (p=0,0001). A Internalidade foi inversamente proporcional à prática (p=< 0,05 e r= -0,075), porém a correlação foi ínfima. Não houve associação entre a atitude e as dimensões do lócus de controle. Conclui-se que os adolescentes iniciam atividade sexual precocemente, mas buscam informações sobre anticoncepção. Apesar do conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre anticoncepção, existe uma necessidade de ampliar o acesso a serviços especializados, como também, enfocar sobre a importância do processo educativo referente à sexualidade, promoção da saúde e a inclusão da família e da comunidade nesse processo. As dimensões do lócus de controle influenciam a prática contraceptiva nesse grupo de adolescentes, assim, elas podem ser consideradas nas intervenções relacionadas à anticoncepção / Abstract: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem, which brings complications not just for adolescents but to the child, family and society as a whole. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the adolescence corresponds as the second phase of life and ages ranging between 10 to 19 years old. Researches demographers have developed a special study known as KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices), which aims to measure knowledge, attitude and practice of a population, allowing a diagnosis and to show what people know, feel and how they behave towards certain theme. Certain traits of personality contribute to the membership or not of contraception in adolescence, and this is what the scale of lócus of control to evaluate, and, who or what is responsible for controlling their own lives. It can be internal, in the case that the individual believe that he maintains the control over his life, or external, in the case of the subject to assign control over his life to other people, entities or even luck or fate. The present study evaluates the relation between lócus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice on contraception in a group of high school adolescents from public schools in the interior of Minas Gerais state, in order to better inform the development of specific interventions for this public target. This was a descriptive and transversal study with a quantitative approach. The sample comprised 1,193 adolescents. Of all these adolescents, 494 (41.4%) had already the first intercourse, and among those who had started, 424 (87%) reported having use a contraceptive method at first intercourse. The methods used were the condom and the birth control pill, observed that 282 (74,7%) of the teenagers seek information through suggestions from family, partner and information given by health professionals. Analyzing knowledge regarding the practice, there was a weak positive correlation (p <0.0001 and r = 0.361), indicating that the higher rates of knowledge, the largest of practice. Considering the relationship between attitude and knowledge, the teenager who has a positive attitude showed greater knowledge about methods (p = 0.0002). Regarding practice, positive attitude was also related to a more appropriate practice (p <0.0001), indicated by higher rates of correct questions. Comparing the birth control pill and condoms, there is a greater knowledge and practice about condom use. Regarding the lócus of control, female adolescents were more Powerful than Others Externality compared to male adolescents (p=0.0015). In the correlation of lócus of control with age, adolescents aged of 17 years have more chance externality (p=<0.0001) than those of younger age. Students who used a contraceptive method at first intercourse had higher Powerful Others Externality (p=0.0107) and the use of coitus interruptus, and contraceptive use, was related to greater Externality by Chance (p=0.0013). Those who were currently using some method had higher Powerful Others Externality (p=0.0217) and Chance Externality (p=0.0077), current use of condoms was also associated with greater externality Chance (p=0.0001). The Internality was inversely proportional to the practice (p=<0.05 and r=-0.075), but the correlation was insignificant. There was no association between the attitude and the dimensions of lócus of control. It is concluded that adolescents initiate sexual activity early, but seek information about contraception. Despite the knowledge of adolescents about contraception, there is a need to expand that access to specialized services, but also focus on the importance of the educational process about sexuality, health promotion and inclusion of the family and community in this process. The dimensions of lócus of control influence contraceptive practice in this group of adolescents, so they can be considered in interventions related to contraception / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate whether seventh grade students&rsquo / conditional and procedural knowledge acquisition in, attitude towards, active learning strategies in, and learning value of geometry improve differentially for students having different cognitive styles in project-based learning and (b) to examine how project-based learning affects them. Participants were 97 seventh-grade students in a private school in Ankara. The students were classified into three groups: Field dependent (N=31), field middle (N=35), and field independent (N=31), based on the raw scores of the participants from the Group Embedded Figures Test. Only one treatment (i.e., project-based learning) was conducted for the study, lasting 30 lesson hours. Pre-test and post-test design for the students having three different cognitive styles was utilized. A mixed methods design integrating both quantitative and qualitative data was used for this study. The data were collected through Conditional and Procedural Knowledge Tests, Active Learning Strategies in and Learning Value of Geometry Questionnaire, Geometry Attitude Scale, interview responses, and classroom observation field notes. The quantitative analyses were carried out by using Mixed Design (one between factor and one within factor) Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results revealed that there is no significant interaction between time and group. There was a substantial main effect for time and follow up analyses for this effect showed that the students achieved large learning gains for all dependent variables. In addition, the main effect of group was not significant. According to interview responses and classroom observation field notes, those quantitative results were attributable to the influence of contextualizing, visualizing, and collaborating geometry concepts with their peers and teacher during benchmark lessons and developing and sharing artifacts for each of the cognitive style group.

Cities hosting huge sporting events is a growing industry and is a way to market the city towards the rest of the world. The goal is for businesses to make profit, attract tourist and be seen on the global market. However, as its marketed towards external audiences, the locals and how they are affected are usually forgotten in the process. The purpose of this paper was to study the knowledge and what attitudes individuals living in Halmstad, Sweden, possess regarding the World Table Tennis Championship 2018, as well as how they received information regarding the event. To find the answers to our questions we handed out surveys in central Halmstad during the period the event took place. We compared our results with how they're tied to theories regarding place branding, image-identity-reputation and the knowledge-attitude-behavior model. The main findings of our analysis were that our respondents of Halmstad county was well- informed about the event and did not feel like they needed more information. The majority viewed the event in a positive light, and overall people found the event to be important for Halmstad as a city and destination.

Selon le World Risk Report publié par United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, les Philippines occupent la troisième place mondiale pour l’exposition aux risques naturels. L’impact de ses inondations sur la santé publique des communautés en fonction de leur vulnérabilité sociale a été très peu étudié jusqu’à présent faute de données systématiques. La méthodologie est basée sur une évaluation de la connaissance, de l’attitude et des pratiques (KAP) des populations inondées et de leur résilience vis à vis de leur exposition à des pathogènes tels que E.coli, Leptospirosis and la dengue qui peuvent se développer à la suite d’un typhon. Ces indicateurs intègrent le profil socio-démographique, les conditions de logement, l'environnement physique ainsi que la gouvernance locale. Une investigation de terrain a été effectuée dans la ville de Dumaguete, Philippines, de mars 2013 à juillet 2013. Un total de 357 familles réparties dans 12 communautés ont été interrogés. L’analyse de ces données a permis de révéler une vulnérabilité synthétisée dans un indice (IVF) qui s’établit en moyenne à 39,34 %. Le secteur de Barangay Tabuc-tubig présente un indice de 53,39 % et s’avère le site le plus vulnérable. L’indice de vulnérabilité est basé sur 5 composants: hydroclimatique, social, économique, socio-comportementale et politico-administratif. Les résultats démontrent que l'indice de vulnérabilité reste faible malgré des indicateurs d’exposition élevée. Cette recherche, l'indice de vulnérabilité est lié aux variables intervenant dans la caractérisation de la résilience. / According to the World Risk Report released by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, the Philippines is ranked third globally in terms of disaster risk. Public health risks and understanding social vulnerability are usually overlooked and very little attention is given. Thus, this research work focuses on. This research was an exploratory step and a rapid assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of the community people towards flood vulnerability and resilience and their exposure to microorganisms such as E.coli, Leptospirosis and the Dengue Fever mosquito. Appropriate community-based indicators were formulated and developed. Their socio-demographic profile, housing conditions, physical environment and governance were also included. The survey was done from March 2013 to July 2013 to capture the dry and wet season for bacterial sampling. A total of 357 household respondents from the 12 communities and 30 respondents from the LGU and NGO were surveyed. Results of the study revealed an overall Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) of 39.34%. Barangay Tabuc-tubig (53.39%) topping from all the 12 communities surveyed using the newly developed 36 community-based flood vulnerability indicators with its corresponding 5 major components namely; hydro-climatic, social, economic, socio-behavioral and the politico-administrative. It is interesting to note that FVI remains low in spite that the exposure indicators are high. The low FVI can be attributed to the community’s high resilience in its coping and adaptation strategies. In this research work, the FVI is significantly sensitive to susceptibility and flood resilience variables.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-31T14:17:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Ester Versão Final PDF.pdf: 1306149 bytes, checksum: 7302a71cefcfa9887c1da1f2563f8f99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T14:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Ester Versão Final PDF.pdf: 1306149 bytes, checksum: 7302a71cefcfa9887c1da1f2563f8f99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / O câncer do colo uterino (CCU) é causador de alta taxa de mortalidade no Brasil, apesar dos programas de rastreamento existentes. Conhecer o que as mulheres sabem, pensam e como agem frente ao exame de prevenção do CCU é fundamental para o direcionamento de práticas educativas que visem aumentar a adesão ao exame de prevenção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral da dissertação foi avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática de mulheres sobre o exame de prevenção do câncer de colo uterino. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa para identificar na literatura quais as estratégias educativas utilizadas na prevenção do CCU. A amostra foi composta por 12 artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2009 e 2014, disponíveis nas Bases de Dados PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF E CENTRAL. As principais estratégias educativas identificadas foram vídeos educativos, folhetos, convites impressos, guias ilustrativos, mensagens televisivas, contato telefônico, visita domiciliar e ações educativas. O artigo original denominado “Conhecimento, atitude e prática de mulheres sobre o exame de prevenção do câncer do colo uterino” objetivou avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática (CAP) de mulheres sobre o exame de prevenção do CCU e sua associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Distrito Sanitário V, no Município de Recife-PE. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 500 mulheres com idade entre 25 e 64 anos de idade. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um formulário semiestruturado aplicado durante a visita domiciliar. Na análise dos dados, após a classificação do CAP das mulheres acerca do exame de prevenção do CCU, foram calculadas as prevalências da adequação através do teste Quiquadrado. A avaliação dos fatores de perfil que pudessem influenciar significativamente no CAP da mulher foi feita por meio da construção das tabelas de contingência e da aplicação do teste Qui-quadrado para independência. Nos casos em que as suposições do teste não foram satisfeitas aplicou-se o teste Exato de Fisher. Verificou-se que 35,2% das mulheres apresentaram conhecimento adequado acerca da prevenção do CCU, 98% e 70,6% apresentaram atitude e prática adequada, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, dentre as variáveis estudadas o conhecimento adequado apresentou associação estatística com as variáveis sociodemográficas, como número de filhos, renda e religião. Não ter filhos (p=0,044), ter renda familiar de dois salários mínimos (p=0,011) e ter religião espírita ou afrobrasileira (p=0,018) foram estatisticamente significantes para ter o conhecimento adequado. Dentre as mulheres que não realizam o exame do CCU (5,4%) os motivos declarados foram: falta de interesse (32,4%), vergonha (17,6%), falta de tempo/ausência de parceiro sexual (ambos com 14,7%), não gostar (11,8%) e medo (8,8%). O conhecimento inadequado associado aos motivos alegados pelas mulheres para a não realização do exame de prevenção do CCU constatam a necessidade da realização de ações educativas por parte do enfermeiro a fim de empoderá-las sobre a temática e estimular sua adesão. / Despite the existence of screening programs, cervical cancer is responsible for high mortality rates in Brazil. This way, understanding what women know, what they think and how they act concerning cervical cancer prevention is critical to target educational practices whose aim are to increase its adherence. In this sense, the general purpose of this work was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of women about taking prevention of cervical cancer. We conducted an integrative review for identifying the literature which educational strategies used in the prevention of cervical cancer. The sample consisted of 12 articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish between 2009 and 2014, available in PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF and CENTRAL. The main educational strategies identified were educational videos, brochures, printed invitations, illustrative guides, television messages, telephone contact, home visits and educational activities. The original article entitled "Knowledge, attitude and practice of women about taking prevention of cervical cancer," aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of women on the examination of prevention of cervical cancer and its association with sociodemographic variables. It was a cross-sectional study, performed in Basic Health Units (UBS) of the Health District V, in the Recife-PE municipality. The study sample consisted of 500 women aged between 25 and 64 years old. For data collection used a semi-structured questionnaire applied during home visits. In analyzing the data, after women’s KAP classification on the prevention of cervical cancer, the prevalence of adequacy was calculated in each area evaluated with the chi-square test. The evaluation of the profile factors which could significantly influence women’s KAP was done through the construction of contingency tables and the application of Chi-square test for independence. In cases where the test assumptions were not met, Fisher's exact test was applied. It was found that 35.2% of women had adequate knowledge about the prevention of cervical cancer, 98% and 70,6% have proper attitude and practice adequate, respectively. In multivariate analysis, among the variables proper knowledge presented statistical association with sociodemographic variables, such as number of children, income and religion. Not having children (p = 0.044), having a family income of two minimum wages (p = 0.011) and having spiritualist or African-Brazilian religion (p = 0.018) were statistically significant regarding proper cervical cancer knowledge. Among women who did not taking prevention of cervical cancer (5.4%) the stated reasons were: lack of interest (32.4%), shame (17.6%), lack of time / absence of sexual partner (both 14.7%), dislikes (11.8%) and fear (8.8%). Inadequate knowledge associated with the reasons given by women for not performing the CCU prevention examination Realize the need to carry out educational activities by nurses in order to empower them about the issue and encourage accession.

With society turning more digitalized, digital crime is reaching higher levels affecting companies and individuals alike. At the same time researchers identify human error and negligence from employees to be the largest reason for companies to being hacked or suffer from cybercrime. At the same time less resources are invested in education within information security compared to expensive firewalls and cyber defenses. The purpose of this thesis is to compare how students at Uppsala University within information systems improve their attitude and behavior towards information security after they have attended at least one course within the subject. This was done by dividing the students into two groups, one (group 1) who had not studied information security and one (group 2) that had. The study used a survey based research method expressed in an online survey. The survey was based on the Knowledge-Attitude- Behavior model which has been used in information security research before with the questionnaire format HAIS-Q. The questionnaire in question was used in this thesis as well, although slightly altered. The result showed that group 2 had better attitude towards information handling as well as a more secure behavior when facing password management. At the same time group 2 achieved a higher mean value in attitude and behavior compared to group 1, although this difference was not statistically significant.

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