This study investigates the nature of koinodikion (“shared tribunal”) in Hellenistic Crete, addressing questions of what it was and how it functioned in intercity treaties, and particularly its relationship to the Cretan Koinon, or federation. In my report, I examine koinodikion through a close reading of the inscriptional (IC IV.197, IC III.iii.4, and a new treaty between Gortyn and Knossos) and literary (Polybius 22.19.1-5) evidence, observing not only its use in a particular passage, but also that passage's significance in context of the whole document. I then compare my findings in the Cretan context to attestations of koinodikion from outside of Crete, where the Cretan Koinon was not a factor. Finally, I examine two earlier Cretan inscriptions (IC IV.80 and IC I.xvi.1) to reconstruct a cultural context for shared judicial practices. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoVN_TESE.pdf: 884899 bytes, checksum: 40b539e0f4c40b6e7542947936e663d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The theme that fits the perspective of this thesis comes from the interest of treating, in the Epicurean corpus, about the importance of the body and its manners of realization for understanding the thought of Epicurus of Samos. Based on the inferences contained in the texts that remained from Epicurus, we did an analysis of the aspects that characterize Epicurism as a thought that makes repeated references to the body as an instance of sensitivity. It was necessary, therefore, to discuss how the body is linked to the possibility of thought, and how the latter can be admitted as a body element. It is further understood that the atomistic physics converges to the idea that asserts natural phenomena as likely to be contained and explained by the observations that come from the senses which are manifested through the body. For this reason, it was also pertinent to reflect on the admission of the body as a key element for the interpretation of Epicurean thought, even under the constitution of language. The Epicurean construction about body image was also used for the interpretation and questioning of the dynamics that define the relationships between individuals, characterizing the koinon?a of the garden through the notion of corporeal unity. It was defined, therefore, that the characterization of the action field of individuals who lived in the Epicurean garden revolves around the use of logos, with the dialogues coming from the exercise of philosophy for therapeutic purposes, which were able to introduce a specific mode of political action marked by the absence of strange interests of the notion of phil?a / A tem?tica que se insere na perspectiva da presente tese parte do interesse de tratar, no corpus epic?reo, acerca da import?ncia do corpo e dos seus modos de realiza??o para a compreens?o do pensamento de Epicuro de Samos. Tendo por base as infer?ncias contidas nos textos que restaram de Epicuro, fez-se uma an?lise dos aspectos que caracterizam o epicurismo como sendo um pensamento que faz refer?ncias recorrentes ao corpo como inst?ncia da sensibilidade. Foi necess?rio, portanto, discutir como o corpo encontra-se vinculado ? possibilidade do pensamento, e como este ?ltimo pode ser admitido como elemento corp?reo. Entende-se ainda que a f?sica atomista converge para a ideia que afirma os fen?menos naturais como poss?veis de serem contidos e explicados mediante as observa??es advindas dos sentidos que se manifestam atrav?s dos corpo. Por essa raz?o, foi igualmente pertinente a reflex?o sobre a admiss?o do corpo como elemento-chave para a interpreta??o do pensamento epic?reo, at? mesmo no ?mbito da constitui??o da linguagem. A constru??o epic?rea acerca da imagem do corpo serviu tamb?m para a interpreta??o e problematiza??o das din?micas que definem as rela??es entre os indiv?duos, caracterizando a koinon?a do jardim atrav?s da no??o de unidade corp?rea. Definiu-se, portanto, que a caracteriza??o do campo de atua??o dos indiv?duos que habitavam o jardim epic?reo se d? em torno do uso do logos, apresentando os di?logos advindos do exerc?cio da filosofia com finalidades terap?uticas, capazes de introduzir um modo espec?fico de atua??o pol?tica marcada pela aus?ncia de interesses alheios a no??o de phil?a

This dissertation examines the relationship between the Arkadian city of Megalopolis and the Achaian koinon in the Hellenistic period. By arguing that Megalopolis was a polis which used its own local identity to carve out a prominent position for itself within the Achaian federation, this thesis is able to provide new insights into the study of the wider topic of the relationship between federations and their member states. To support this argument, the thesis is divided into three parts. In part one of the dissertation, the Megalopolitan identity is clearly established by identifying its basic components, which were the result of the city's foundation by the Arkadian koinon around 368 BC as well as its Achaian membership of 235 BC. The Megalopolitan identity was marked by a complex structure; it was characterised by a deep and traditional hatred for Sparta, longstanding relations with the Macedonian kings, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of a federal state and multi-ethnic politics, and, by Polybius' time, a connection to both Arkadia as well as Achaia. The second part examines the influence of this local identity on the koinon through the direct relationship of Megalopolis with the federal government via its Achaian membership. Within the Achaian League, Megalopolis was an active member, taking part in the federal institutions and minting coins. However, through its interactions with other members of the federal state, Megalopolis used its relationship with the federal state to its own advantage. Finally, the last part of the thesis explores the role of Megalopolis and its local interests in Achaian foreign politics. The polis seems to have influenced these through the emergence of a series of influential statesmen (such as Philopoimen and Lykortas) as well as several new policies pursued by the Achaians after Megalopolis' membership. Examples of these new policies are the Achaian alliance with Macedon of 225 BC and the increased focus of the koinon on Sparta in the second century BC, something that also shaped Achaian interactions with Rome. Throughout the thesis particular attention is paid to the narrative of the historian Polybius and the problems his writings pose, since he was an important source for the history of the Achaian koinon and who, as a Megalopolitan, was an excellent example of this distinct Megalopolitan identity. By shedding light on the various ways in which Megalopolis affected the Achaian koinon and its politics, this thesis shows that Megalopolis merits more attention than it has received in the past, as it was more than just an Arkadian city that was a member of the Achaian koinon. Furthermore, the intricate analysis of the distinct Megalopolitan identity makes a novel contribution to the wider study on the interaction between the polis, as a civic unit, and the federal state, as a developing political structure.

Composée de deux volumes, la présente étude d'histoire et de numismatique grecque comporte 844 p. Visant la clarté, elle est divisée en 2 parties d'environ 350 p. : la première, avec un exposé raisonné des sources, est consacrée aux catalogues numismatiques et à leur commentaire, la seconde propose une analyse historique de la Béotie héllénistique d'après les monnaies. L'ensemble est enrichi d'une bibliographie de 48 p. manifestant une bonne connaissance de la Béotie héllénistique et de 6 annexes, consacrées à la description des types monétaires, à la chronologie de l'histoire béotienne, aux émissions monétaires synthétisées sous forme de tableaux, aux résultats d'analyses de 53 exemplaires d'argent, à un index inversé du catalogue des trésors et à des tableaux de synthèse des attestations de divinités en Béotie. le tout est complété par 21 planches illustrant tous les coins de droit du catalogue, 13 cartes et deux tables dépliantes favorisant la navigation dans le catalogue des trésors / This thesis is composed of 2 parts. The first part consists of the numismatic corpus of the thesis and exposes its limits. With the data of first part, the last part comes up with an historical reflexion. This historical synthesis is introduced by a general chapter that analyses the factors of Boeotian "federalism", since this political structure is a base for the Boeotian production of coins until 171 B.C. In the two following chapters, coins and numismatic study provide new clues on monetary organization, religious representations of the Boeotian confederation on coins between 287 and 27 B.C., and its economic situation linked to political events. The 3 last chapters present a synthesis on Boeotian monetary circulation and its historical implications between 287 and 27 B.C. They are chronological and compare the numismatic conclusions with the data of the literary and epigraphical sources. They draw parallels between monetary history and political history of Boeotia

La petite cité grecque d’Ilion offre un exemple original d’identité civique complexe mêlant éléments grecs et « barbares » (i. e. non grecs) grâce à l’utilisation des différents mythes liés à la guerre de Troie. Cette construction identitaire mythique s’enracine dans un site particulièrement riche où les différents niveaux archéologiques se superposent et s’enchevêtrent de l’âge du Bronze à l’époque romaine (Troie I à IX). Elle est aussi nourrie de diverses influences, anatoliennes et égéennes, particulièrement sensibles dans le cas d’Ilion car cette cité, située au bord de l’Hellespont, se trouve en situation de carrefour géopolitique et culturel entre Europe et Asie. Le sanctuaire d’Athéna Ilias joue un rôle central dans l’identité, les mythes et l’histoire de la cité. Mais ce sanctuaire est aussi le centre d’une association religieuse regroupant plusieurs autres cités, principalement de Troade mais aussi d’au-delà, comme Myrléa en Propontide et même Chalcédoine sur le Bosphore, qui administrent en commun le sanctuaire et participent à des panégyries et des concours sacrés en l’honneur de cette divinité à la fois civique et fédérale. L’autre principal lieu de culte d’Ilion, le « Sanctuaire Ouest », témoigne lui aussi d’influences à la fois européennes et asiatiques. / This PhD thesis intends to offer a synthesis concerning the Greek city-State of Ilion. This city-State offers an original example of a complex civic identity which mixes Greek and “barbaric” (i.e. non-Greek) elements through the use of different myths relating to the Trojan war. This mythical construction of identity is rooted in a particularly rich site where the various archaeological levels are superimposed and tangled together, from the Bronze age to the Roman period (Troy I to IX), as evidenced by H. Schliemann, the inventor of the site, which is still nowadays being excavated by German and American teams. Ilion’s identity is also fueled by various influences, Anatolian and Aegean, that are particularly sensitive because of the fact that the city is located at a geopolitical and cultural crossroad between Europe and Asia. The sanctuaries of Ilion play a central role in the identity, the myths and the history of the city, especially the sanctuary of Athena Ilias. It is the centre of a religious association (koinon) which regroups several other cities, from Troad and even beyond, who administer the sanctuary together and participate in festivals and sacred games in honor of this divinity that is both civic and federal. The second main cult site of Ilion, called “West Sanctuary”, is also a testimony of European and Asian influences.

Cette thèse de doctorat traite du monnayage et de l’histoire des Éléens entre les années 360 a.C. (guerre avec les Arcadiens) et le règne de Septime Sévère (193-211 p.C.). Le monnayage des Eléens est présenté sous la forme d’un catalogue des émissions monétaires. Il est suivi d’une discussion sur l’apport des trésors et des monnaies de fouilles, puis d’une analyse des caractéristiques de l’atelier monétaire éléen. Cette histoire monétaire sert de fil conducteur à la seconde partie, qui traite successivement de la constitution tardive de l’identité et de la cité des Eléens, des événements historiques, et qui s’achève par un portrait de la vie économique de cette région excentrée du Péloponnèse. / The ancient Peloponnesian city of Elis issued a coinage between the half of the fourth century BC and the Roman Era. The first part of this PhD is a corpus of the 2508 coins I know. Then, we can have a look at the hoards and the excavations’ coins, and we can discuss about the monetary production and the characteristics of the Elean monetary workshop. The second part presents the formation of the city and the identity of the Eleans during the Hellenistic period,the history of the Eleans and, to finish, some remarks about the economic activities.

Après avoir étudié les objets retrouvés lors des fouilles archéologiques, les sources littéraires anciennes et les études récentes concernant le sanctuaire d’Apollon Ptoion durant la période archaïque, nous tenterons un état de la question sur ce sanctuaire grec archaïque. Nous explorerons ensuite la fonction du Ptoion dans le développement des styles d’offrandes votives (en particulier des kouroi) et le rôle de la « compétition » entre artistes, le rôle qu’y jouaient les offrandes votives de prestige pour la communauté cultuelle, la nature et le fonctionnement du culte au Ptoion et, enfin, le rôle de ce sanctuaire dans la société et la politique de la Béotie et de la Grèce archaïque. / After a study of the artefacts, ancient literary sources, and recent studies concerning the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoion during the archaic period, we will attempt a status report on questions concerning this archaic Greek sanctuary. We will then expore the function of the Ptoion in the developpement of art styles for votive offerings (especially kouroi) and the role of « competitiveness » between artists, the role of prestigious votive offerings in the cult community, the nature and functioning of the cult, and finally the role of this sanctuary in the politics and society of archaic Beotia and of Greece.