(in English) Pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex contains two sympatric species inhabiting Europe and part of West and Central Asia (Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. str, Pipistrellus pygmaeus s. str) and several other lines, isolated in the Mediterranean (North Africa, islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean Sea). This taxon is a part of the extensive radiation within the genus Pipistrellus, which in today's concept includes about 30 species. Mosaic line of P. pipistrellus complex, located at different stages of diversification and secondary contacts in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, is a suitable model for research on speciation. In this thesis we focused on analyses of distribution, phylogeography, population structure and demography based on mitochondrial data from 323 individuals, representing almost the entire range. Control region of mitochondrial DNA was chosen as a genetic marker. Variability in the 378 pb long fragment acknowledged the existence of several genetically distinct lines whose species status is discussed. Observed fylogeografic pattern confirms the existence of groups of radiation centers in the Mediterranean region. An allopatric speciation was there, two of the lines (P. pipistrellus s. str and P. pygmaeus s. str.) later expanded into Europe and their ranges...

The thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the topic of human chemical communication and reviews current evidence on individual variation in human body odour and its perception. This part is framed by sexual selection theory. In the first chapter, the concept of the theory of communication is introduced followed by a discussion on the specifics of chemical communication. Next, the formation of individually specific body odour signatures with reference to skin glands, their volatile products and the subsequent metabolization by skin microflora is described. The next chapters are dedicated to selected interindividual body odour cues such as sex and kin recognition, genetic compatibility in genes of Major Histocompatibility Complex, and health and reproductive status in a mate choice context. Furthermore, interactions between perfumes and body odours are discussed. Finally, methods of body odour sampling are introduced and a rationale behind presenting individual samples or body odour blends is discussed. The second part is comprised of six scientific papers, specifically three reviews and three empirical studies. Review papers summarize factors affecting human body odour quality with emphasis on diet and affective states. The first text shows that human body odours contain cues to...

När flygfarkoster befinner sig på marken får de sin strömförsörjning tillgodosedd genom att vara anslutna mot en GPU (Ground Power Unit), vilket förser flygfarkosten med spänningen 115 V till en frekvens av 400 Hz. Dagens moderna flygfarkoster består av mer avancerad elektronik, vilket kan ge upphov till störningar på den matande GPU som tidigare inte förekommit. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka vilka lastfall som kan genereras av en flygfarkost, för att genom en konstruktion kunna återskapa dessa i form av en variabel last. Med hjälp av lasten ska GPU:ers förmåga att upprätthålla spänning och frekvens utvärderas, för att kontrollera om dessa vidhålls trots störningar i form av växlande belastningar. Huvudmålen för rapporten är att fastställa vilka lastfall som kan genereras och återskapa dessa genom en variabel last samt slutligen verifiera och kontrollera framtagen produkt tillsammans med en GPU. En viktig avgränsning för rapporten är att den last som konstrueras inte kommer att kunna genera övertoner, någon som vanligen förekommer bland dagens flygfarkoster. Lasten kommer därigenom enbart att kunna växla mellan att vara induktiv eller kapacitiv. Resultatet från denna rapport visar på att genom konstruktion av en last med lastfallen cos-φ 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 samt -0,5 -0,6 -0,7 -0,8 -0,9, går det att simulera en flygfarkost i form av induktiva och kapacitiva växlingar. Det observeras också genom mätningar att den last som konstruerats ger störningar på spänning och ström liknade det som setts vid mätningar på en verklig flygfarkost.  Slutsatsen för denna rapport är att det går att konstruera en variabel last som kan generera lastfall likt en modern flygfarkost, både teoretiskt och praktiskt. Det går också genom denna last att efterlikna verkliga störningar uppmätta på en GPU, för att därigenom kunna utvärdera dess förmåga att hantera komplexa lastfall. / When an aircraft is on the ground, it receives its power by being connected to a GPU (Ground Power Unit), which supplies the aircraft with a voltage of 115 V to a frequency of 400 Hz. Today's modern aircraft consists of more advanced electronics, which can cause interference to the GPU that not previously existed. The purpose of this report is to investigate which load cases can be generated by an aircraft, to be able to reproduce these in the form of a variable last.  Using the load, the GPU's ability to maintain voltage and frequency should be evaluated to check if these are maintained despite interference in the form of alternating loads. The objectives of this report are to determine which load cases can be generated and recreate these through the variable load, to verify and control the developed product together with a GPU. An important delimitation of the report is that the constructed load will not be able to generate harmonics, which is commonly found among today's aircraft. The load will therefore only be able to switch between being inductive or capacitive. The result of this report shows that by constructing a load with the load case cos-φ 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 and -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0, 8 -0.9, it is possible to simulate an aircraft in the form of inductive and capacitive alternations. It has also been seen by measurements that the constructed load causes disturbances in voltage and current similar to those seen in measurements on a real aircraft. This report concludes that it is possible to construct a variable load that can generate load cases similar to a modern aircraft, both theoretically and practically. It also possible to mimic real interference measured on a GPU, thereby evaluate its ability to handle complex load cases.

Spatial distribution of precipitation in complex terrain can be very uneven and there are many factors to consider when studying it. The goal of this study was such a problem; to analyse the difference in observed annual precipitation in the complex terrain of Seyðisfjörður, a fjord in East-Iceland. The study was carried out in three parts. First, it was investigated if there was a systematic difference between measurement methods using different instruments. Second, the effect of the complex terrain on the spatial distribution of precipitation was investigated, and lastly if this observed difference could be linked to any certain kind of weather regimes. To simplify the analysis, only liquid precipitation was included in the data set.  In Seyðisfjörður there are three divergently located precipitation gauges of three different types and set up. At the Icelandic Meteorological Office in Reykjavík the same type of gauges are co-located with the exact same set up as in Seyðisfjörður. A statistical analysis of those measurements showed that there is a systematic undercatch in tipping bucket gauges compared to weighted capacity and standard accumulation gauges. However, the difference is insignificant in size compared to the observed difference in the complex terrain. The complex terrain was found to highly affect the airflow and therefore the spatial distribution of precipitation, as it almost only rains in synoptic wind directions with an easterly component (measured at a mountain station). To connect events where there was a great difference in precipitation measurements to the synoptic weather situation over the North-Atlantic, a projection connecting the geostrophic and local winds in the fjord was made. It showed that great precipitation as well as when great differences are observed, during two kind of weather regimes. One where a low pressure is travelling along the North-Atlantic storm track to the Norwegian Sea. The other were a low pressure is stationed southwest or west of Iceland in the Irminger Sea and a high pressure stretching up over Scandinavia. Convective precipitation makes up for a minimal part of the total precipitation and is not linked to events with great observed difference. Events with considerable precipitation but little observed difference are fewer and smaller than the events with much great observed precipitation and differences.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Mystifikace ve výtvarné výchově/Skutečnost a fikce Anna Daňhelková Katedra výtvarné výchovy Pedf UK Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. ak. mal. Ivan Špirk Studijní program: Učitelství pro základní školy, I. ST 2019 ABSTRACT: The diploma thesis is focused on mystification in literary and visual arts, and on the use of this topic in art education at primary school. At the same time, the thesis deals with the concept of art and also with interdisciplinary relations. The aim of the thesis is to create an art work composed of fictitious artefacts that make a record of a foreign trip. Furthermore, the work of art is linked to the lessons of art education. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to introduce a theory that examines the subject of mystification and the diary. Furthermore, it is necessary to create artefacts and test the art lessons in practice. The contribution of the thesis is the creation of artistic work, which can be used within the motivational part of individual art lessons and thus to link the areas of education. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, the theoretical part which explains the concept of mystification and introduces authors related to this topic. It also deals with the conceptual art and its influences on the further development of...

This dissertation is based on the possibilities of improvement of obesitological care as delivered by general practitioners. The theoretical part is dedicated to marketing, obesitology and to the lesser known problem of gynoid obesity. The practical section describes the quantitative research into GP's delivering adult care in the Prague area, central Bohemian area, and amongst the clients of Centrum Preventivní Medicíny. The needs of GP's in terms of this type of care are examined. The main needs are elementary and further education, information about the problems of gynoid obesity, and the need for GP's to co-operate with obesitological institutions, including centres of gynoid obesity therapy. At the end of the thesis is a suggested list of products for Centrum Preventivní Medicíny. Also suggested is an algorithm of care for gynoid obesity for use in GP's practice. Key words: Obesity, Gynoid Obesity, Lipoedema, Komplex Decongestiv Therapy, GP, Algorithm of care.

Background: Over the past years, companies have competed in a globalized and dynamic environment which has forced them to implement various incentives in order to gain cost advantages. Companies have tried to implement Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) but many have not managed to get the expected results. Coordinating sales and operations remains a crucial challenge because of the multiple differences and conflicts in objectives and responsibilities, referred to as having a silo culture. As many companies have encountered this barrier in conjunction with an S&OP implementation, investigating the S&OP process in a company with functional silos and a complex planning process remains.  Objectives: The objective with this study is to provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the silo culture challenge, in order to achieve a higher S&OP maturity level in a manufacturing with a complex planning process.  Methods: The objective with this study was fulfilled through an in-depth empirical case study research in an Engineering-to-order (ETO) company. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with employees working in the departments involved in the S&OP process, along with a survey that was used to identify the organizational culture. Moreover, a framework synthesis was carried out in order to identify the most suitable S&OP maturity model for assessing the maturity level.  Results: The results revealed that no written rules or policies govern the organizational activities, but an organization chart and some job descriptions exists. The total work is divided, resulting in a functional organizational design. The results showed that the departments facing supply and demand, have different objectives due to their functional specialization and that no common goals exist between the departments. The results also showed that the prevailing organizational culture appeared as different among the departments. The S&OP diagnosis reveled that the S&OP maturity level was low on most of the dimensions except from the IT dimension. Moreover, it revealed the lack of a shared understanding of the S&OP process among the different departments.  Conclusions: The main findings for managing the silo culture in order to reach a higher S&OP maturity level was to: (1) possess a organizational design that facilitates cross-functional alignments, (2) focus on people by ensuring that the S&OP process is fully understood, (3) define clear job roles and job descriptions, (4) state goals for each department and incorporate common goals along with metrics for all departments, (5) incorporate a strong organizational culture with shared values and beliefs and (6) have a clear decision making process along with moving towards a decentralization in some areas. / Bakgrund: Under de senaste åren har företag konkurrerat i en globaliserad och dynamisk miljö, vilket skapat incitament för att erhålla kostnadsfördelar. Flertalet företag har försökt implementera Sälj- och Verksamhetsplanering (SVP) men få har lyckats erhålla de förväntade resultaten. Koordineringen av försäljning och verksamhet återstår vara en avgörande utmaning på grund av flertalet skillnader och konflikter i mål och ansvarsområden, även kallat för silo kultur. Eftersom många företag stött på detta hinder i samband med en SVP implementering, återstår det att undersöka SVP-processen i ett företag med funktionella områden (avdelningar) och en komplex planeringsprocess.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att ge en djupare förståelse för hur man hanterar silo kultur utmaningen, för att uppnå en högre SVP-mognadsnivå i en tillverkande industri med en komplex planeringsprocess.  Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien genomförde författarna en djup empirisk fallstudie i ett kundorderstyrt företag. Data samlades in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med anställda som tillhör de avdelningar som är involverade i SVP-processen, och genom en enkät som användes för att identifiera organisationskulturen. Dessutom genomfördes en syntes av befintliga SVP-ramverk för att identifiera den mest lämpliga SVP-mognadsmodellen för att bedöma mognadsnivån.  Resultat: Resultaten visade på att inga skriftliga regler eller riktlinjer reglerar organisationsaktiviteterna, men att ett organisationsschema och ett fåtal arbetsbeskrivningar existerar. Det totala arbetet är uppdelat mellan olika avdelningar, vilket resulterar i en funktionell organisationsdesign. Resultaten avslöjade även att de avdelningar som står inför utbud och efterfrågan har olika mål på grund av sin funktionella specialisering och att det inte finns några gemensamma mål mellan avdelningarna. Dessutom visade resultaten att den nuvarande organisationskulturen uppfattas som annorlunda mellan avdelningarna. SVP-diagnosen avslöjade att SVP-mognadsnivån var låg på de flesta dimensioner förutom IT-dimensionen. Vidare avslöjar resultatet bristen på en gemensam förståelse för SVP-processen mellan de olika avdelningarna.  Slutsatser: Huvudresultaten för att hantera silo kulturen för att uppnå en högre SVP-mognadsnivå var att: (1) ha en organisationsdesign som främjar tvärfunktionella anpassningar, (2) fokusera på människorna genom att säkerställa att SVP-processen är fullt förstådd, (3) definiera tydliga arbetsroller och arbetsbeskrivningar, (4) ange mål för varje avdelning och inför gemensamma mål tillsammans med gemensamma mätvärden för alla avdelningar, (5) inför en stark organisationskultur som präglas av gemensamma värderingar och övertygelser och (6) erhåll en tydlig beslutsprocess tillsammans med att gå mot en decentralisering inom vissa områden.

Synthese und Charakterisierung (SC-XRD, P-XRD, IR, NMR, QCC) metall-organischer Komplexe tetravalenter Actinide Th, U, Np, Pu mit Liganden Salen und Derivat Salpn im Festkörper und in Lösung.

Mitochondria are essential organelles for most eukaryotic cells, containing intricate networks of numerous proteins. These include, among others, complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain. Being at the crossroads of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain, mitochondrial complex II plays a key role in cellular metabolism. The protein complex, also known as succinate dehydrogenase, is capable of not only succinate oxidation and electron transfer but also contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial complex II consists of four subunits, SDHA-D, and four dedicated protein assembly factors SDHAF1-4 that participate in complex II biogenesis. Mutations and epigenetic modulations of genes coding for succinate dehydrogenase subunits or assembly factors are associated with pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, or may result in tumor formation. However, inborn complex-II-linked mitochondrial pathologies are rather understudied, compared to diseases with causative errors of other mitochondrial complexes, presumably due to the fact that none of complex II subunits is encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Recent studies have shown that impairment of mitochondrial complex II function or assembly leads to accumulation of alternative assembly forms...

Föreliggande uppsats behandlar minimala ytor. De är speciella typer av de ytor som studeras i ämnet differentialgeometri, ur vilket uppsatsen tar upp viktiga definitioner och resultat. Redogörelsen leder fram till ett bekvämt sätt att uttrycka den så kallade medelkrökningen, som definitionen av minimala ytor baseras på. Därefter motiveras namnet minimala ytor och ett antal egenskaper hos dessa diskuteras. Detta följs av en koppling till komplex analys genom Weierstrass–Enneper-parametrisering och några exempel på minimala ytor. Slutligen diskuteras ett par tillämpningar.