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This thesis discusess the aid effectiveness focusing on volunteering in development. Its main part is a case study that examines the impact of non-governmental organization engaged in volunteering FIDESCO on the city of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The thesis does not analyze the aid effectiveness as a whole, but tries to point out the importance of organizations working with volunteers in the field of development cooperation.

Karolina Svobodová The Causes of Sexual Violence in the Armed Conflict in the DRC abstract My dissertation thesis (The Motivations of Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) is a case study of sexual violence in armed conflict in the DRC examining and analysing the causes of its intensity and extent. The main research questions of the study are: - What are the causes of the systematic sexual violence in the armed conflict in the DRC? - Why sexual violence in the armed conflict in the DRC occurs in the large extent and with high intensity? The research theoretically stems from the constructivism as one of the three main scientific approaches to sexual violence in armed conflicts. Since the constructivism presents male and female identities as social constructs, it seems as the best approach to sexual violence where gender of victims and perpetrators is often generalized by supporters of essentialism. Hence, the inherent neutralism of constructivism makes it very suitable instrument for an empirical research. Further, the study works with combination of feminism, cultural anthropology, and feminist evolutionary psychology in the construtivist framework. This blend may seem incoherent but it allows a complex insight into the issue of sexual violence in the DRC and an interpretation of its...

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of lack of safe water and other factors that cause cholera outbreaks in African Great Lakes Region. Thesis explores the history of the disease in selected area and differences in approaches of individual countries to its therapy and prevention. The theoretical part deals with lack of safe water in Africa and other infectious diseases caused by contaminated water. The diseases include also cholera, whose causes in African Great Lakes Region are analysed till 2006. Subsequently, in the years 2007-2016, specific cholera outbreaks are analysed in more details, its causes and preventive measures within the three selected countries in the region: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and Rwanda. It has been found that the elimination of cholera in this region may occur primarily by improving access to safe water and sanitation facilities, which in the case of Democratic Republic of the Congo will insist many years.

Background: In the Republic of the Congo, malaria is a major cause of death, in particular among children. Therefore, malaria prevention is of high priority. Registered nurses have an important role in illness prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, especially through education of the population. To improve malaria prevention, it is important to understand how registered nurses experience the preventive work. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the experiences of registered nurses working with malaria prevention in the Republic of the Congo. Method: A qualitative method was used. Semi-structured interviews with six registered nurses in the Republic of the Congo were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Findings: Three categories were identified in the analysis: preventive interventions are necessary, possibilities in malaria prevention and difficulties in malaria prevention. The registered nurses experienced that preventive interventions, such as different methods of avoiding mosquito bites, are necessary because malaria affects the entire population in Congo. The registered nurses experienced educating and informing the patients as a possibility in malaria prevention and a lack of resources as a difficulty. Conclusion: The registered nurses experienced education and information as an effective way to communicate preventive interventions against malaria. However, the registered nurses sometimes experienced incomprehension among the patients, which could be improved by adapting the information to the individual. A difficulty that the registered nurses experienced was a lack of resources on many levels. An increased access to resources would lead to improvements in malaria prevention.

Klimatförändringarna är ett ytterst aktuellt ämne i samhällsdebatten. Runt om i världen debatterar politiker och samhällsvetare om lösningar på detta omfattande problem. Ett högst populärt förslag är att fordon ska drivas på el. Frågan är om dessa elbilar är helt hållbara på ett ekonomiskt och samhälleligt plan. Hur påverkas de människor som framställer de insatsvaror som krävs till västvärldens eldrivna fordon? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka konsekvenser en ökad efterfrågan på eldrivna fordon i Europa får på den ekonomiska och mänskliga utvecklingen i Demokratiska Republiken (DR) Kongo. Med hjälp av en tidsserieanalys undersöks hur DR Kongos BNI per capita och HDI utvecklats under en 20 årsperiod, mellan 2000-2019, till följd av den ökade efterfrågan på eldrivna fordon i Europa. Resultaten visar att den ökade efterfrågan på eldrivna fordon i Europa har inneburit en ökad ekonomisk utveckling, BNI per capita, i DR Kongo. Samtidigt visar resultaten också att det skett en minskning av den mänskliga utvecklingen, HDI, i landet. Resultaten är statistiskt signifikanta på 1% nivån.

This thesis will analyze the Congo from King Leopold II's Free State to the 2nd Congo War. After a thorough investigation of the colonial period, this thesis will analyze the modern period. This thesis contends that the underdevelopment of the Congo, and its continuing warfare and poverty are the consequences of an exploitative colonial history. To be sure, King Leopold II of Belgium created the template for administering the Congo through the installation of concessionary companies that were more interested in harvesting huge profits than creating the conditions for a self-sustaining Congolese economy. Indeed, the policies implemented by King Leopold not only created the framework for the exploitation of the Congo after the cessation of the Free State, and set the stage for Congo's current state of instability of warfare.

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Das Krim-Kongo-hämorrhagische-Fieber (CCHF) ist eine von Zecken übertragene virale Zoonose, welche das Krankheitsbild einer hämorrhagischen Fiebererkrankung mit hoher Letalität auslöst. Die WHO stuft das CCHF-Virus als hochpathogenen Erreger ein, der potenziell einen weltweiten Gesundheitsnotstand hervorrufen kann, da bisher weder präventive noch kurative Heilansätze bestehen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es einen Beitrag zur epidemiologischen Datenerfassung zu leisten und einen kostengünstigen, einfachen und schnellverfügbaren Test für die Akutphase der Erkrankung in Form eines Antigen-ELISAs zu entwerfen. Zur Datenerfassung wurden 464 Seren von Proband:innen mit Fieber aus verschiedenen Städten des Sudans mittels kommerzieller IgG-ELISAs und IFAs untersucht. 12 der 464 Seren zeigten einen positiven IgG-Nachweis, sodass eine Gesamtseroprävalenz von 2,6 % im untersuchten Kollektiv festzustellen war. Ein Großteil der positiven Seren stammte aus der Region Khashm el Girba, sodass vor allem hier Gesundheitspersonal und Einwohner für die Erkrankung sensibilisiert werden sollten. Die Herstellung des Antigentests basierte auf monoklonalen Antikörpern, die in Zellkultur mittels Hybridomzellen generiert wurden. 7 Antikörper konnten im Leipziger Labor identifiziert werden. 3 dieser Antikörper zeigten auch im Western-Blot und auf transfizierten Zellen ein hochselektives Ansprechen auf die NC-Region des rekombinanten CCHFV-Proteins. Weitere 4 Antikörper wurden im Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut produziert und zur Verfügung gestellt. Mit den vorhandenen monoklonalen Antikörpern wurden Kompetitionstests durchgeführt, um mögliche Interferenzen der Paratop-Epitop-Bindungen im Vorhinein zu identifizieren. Die monoklonalen Antikörper 4C7C3 und 3A7B2 zeigten die vielversprechendsten Ergebnisse und wurden für die Entwicklung des Antigentests genutzt. Dieser wies bis minimal 13 ng/ml rekombinanten Virusproteins nach. Für die Weiterentwicklung sollte der Test mit tierischen und menschlichen Seren evaluiert werden und die Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen Viren, die hämorrhagische Fiebererkrankungen auslösen, überprüft werden, um ein sicheres und günstiges Verfahren für die akute Diagnostik des CCHF zu bieten.

Sexual violence has long been portrayed as an inevitable side effect of warring. The phenomenon constitutes a complex dynamic of shifting power structures and arbitrary gender expectations. Conflict-related sexual violence operates within different social contexts where the female body becomes a battlefield where dominance and superiority are sought. The following paper is formulated as an interdisciplinary case study where a feminist framework and social constructivism are used to examine the multifaceted phenomenon of conflict-related sexual violence. The aim of the study has been to delve into underlying factors to its prevalence in the conflicts of Democratic Republic of Congo and Bosnia Herzegovina. Furthermore, the curtailed agency of women is elucidated when analyzing the repercussions of conflict-related sexual violence, which poses as the second question of the study. The result of the study reveals that the prevalence of sexual violence as a military strategy is not caused by single-issue factors, rather by interconnected elements such as patriarchal notions, power structures and gender normative behaviour. To conclude, the phenomenon has an extensive destructive capacity and affects several societal levels where the current study enhances previous research by its adoption of an interdisciplinary perspective that integrates the embedded practices of gender repression and military strategies.