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No. of bitstreams: 2 Investigação das interferências linguísticas e das modalidades tradutórias na tradução para o português brasileiro do conto Thent of December.pdf: 2322908 bytes, checksum: 91bdf45387ed7f94530c6ea05fe59fbf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / Sem bolsa / A teoria de Línguas em Contato foi desenvolvida a partir da investigação e da descrição de fenômenos linguísticos resultantes do contato entre idiomas em sujeitos e sociedades bi ou multilíngues. Atualmente, pesquisas relacionadas a tal abordagem abarcam diversos temas, dentre eles, a tradução. No entanto, a relação entre o contato linguístico e a atividade tradutória parece ser pouco investigada no meio acadêmico-científico. Em contrapartida, desde que a Linguística ampliou seu objeto de análise, os estudos tradutórios têm se valido do prisma dos fenômenos linguísticos, para além da investigação literária. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação pretende tecer vínculos entre a área de especialidade da Linguística Aplicada, Línguas em Contato, e o campo multidisciplinar do conhecimento, Estudos da Tradução, ambos pertencentes à grande área de Letras e Linguística. Para tanto, tem por objetivo investigar as interferências linguísticas baseadas nos fenômenos descritos por Weinreich (1970) e as modalidades de tradução propostas por Aubert (1998), contidas na tradução do conto “Tenth of December” (SAUNDERS, 2013) para o português brasileiro, realizada por José Geraldo Couto, com o título “Dez de Dezembro” (SAUNDERS, 2014). A fim de obter a quantificação total dos dados pesquisados, os sintagmas nominais do texto fonte foram selecionados e classificados de acordo com rótulos criados para cada categoria de interferências linguísticas e de modalidades de tradução presentes no texto meta. Subsequentemente, foram salvos em arquivo TXT e anotados no programa Notepad++, em um arquivo de extensão XML, o qual, combinado com a folha de estilos (XSL), permite obter a quantidade total de cada categoria, em números absolutos, em um arquivo HTML. Os resultados encontrados após a investigação do corpus apontam para a prevalência de interferências linguísticas na direção do inglês estadunidense, ou seja, os sintagmas nominais estão mais próximos da língua fonte. Com relação às modalidades de tradução, as opções adotadas indicaram um menor distanciamento do texto traduzido com relação ao texto fonte. No entanto, a pequena diferenciação, em números percentuais, entre as categorias mais próximas da língua fonte e as da língua meta, denota certa aproximação linguística, no corpus analisado, entre o português brasileiro e o inglês estadunidense. Do mesmo modo, a classificação das modalidades mais recorrentes, segundo a escala proposta por Aubert (1998), demonstra certa equivalência entre os textos fonte e meta. A partir das análises quantitativa e qualitativa de cada categoria de interferência linguística e de modalidade de tradução, foi possível tecer paralelismos entre ambas. Essa investigação permitiu relacionar a área de especialidade da Linguística Aplicada, Línguas em Contato, à área multidisciplinar do conhecimento, Estudos da Tradução. / The theory of Languages in Contact was developed from the investigation and from the description of linguistic phenomena that result from the contact between languages in bi or multilingual persons and societies. Currently, research related to this approach includes various themes, among them, translation. However, the relation between linguistic contact and translation seems to be scarcely investigated in academic and scientific fields. On the other hand, since Linguistics amplified its analysis object Translation Studies have been investigated the phenomena from the linguistic point of view in addition to the literary one. Thus, this thesis aims at linking Languages in Contact and Translation Studies, both belonging to the greatest area Linguistics and Literature. In order to do that, it aims at investigating the linguistic interferences based on the phenomena described by Weinreich (1970) and the translation modalities proposed by Aubert (1998) in the translation of the short story “Tenth of December” (SAUNDERS, 2013) to Brazilian Portuguese, done by José Geraldo Couto, “Dez de Dezembro” (SAUNDERS, 2014). In order to achieve the total amount of the investigated data noun phrases of the source text were selected and classified according to the tags created to each category of linguistic interferences and of translation modalities present in the target text. Then, the data were saved on TXT file and annotated within Notepad++ software, on a XML file. Combined with the stylesheet (XSL) the annotation of the text allows to achieve the total amount of each category, in absolute numbers, on a HTML file. Results found after the investigation of the corpus show the prevalence of linguistic interferences in North American English direction, that is, the noun phrases are nearer to the source language. Concerning the translation modalities the options selected indicate little distance between the translated text and the source text. However, the small differentiation in percentage between the categories nearer to the source language and the ones nearer to the target language demonstrates some linguistic proximity, in the analyzed corpus, between Brazilian Portuguese and North American English. Equally, classification of the translation modalities more present in the corpus, according to the scale proposed by Aubert (1998), shows some equivalence between the source text and the target text. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of each category of linguistic interference and of translation modality, it was possible to trace parallelisms between both of them. This investigation allows to relate Languages in Contact and Translation Studies.

The object of this study is to investigate which tendencies there are in terms of the frequency of hispanication of Swedish verbs used by Spanish-speakers who live in Sweden. The emphasis is put on explaining the phenomena of hispanication, and the frequency in which it may occur. The study is based on an empirical corpus, and is carried out with a questionnaire. Verbs found in earlier studies, and with help from a Spanish-speaking professor at the Linneaus University of Växjö, have been used in the questionnaire where the Hispanics have been asked to state the frequency of their use of these verbs. The individuals taking part in the study have also been asked to provide personal information in order to obtain a better understanding of the frequency of the hispanication in comparison to their social-linguistic background and how they themselves evaluate their linguistic competence in both Swedish and Spanish. Comparisons are made between different groups, such as gender, age, linguistic competence and linguistic self-evaluation. To further understand the terms used in the study, which often appears in a linguistic context, the author has made a short explanation of the terms that are most frequently used. Many of the terms used cause great controversy and lots of problems among the ones who study linguistics, and therefore it was important in this study to clarify the meaning of these terms, such as loan word, code-switching and hispanication. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the use of the verbs appearing in this short study generally shows no frequent use, although some verbs such as grilar, parkear and pasar show tendencies of a major use among the informants.

The focus of this study is on language maintenance and shift in Maale, a minority language spoken in Ethiopia. The main aims of the study are to give an account of the underlying social factors that have contributed to language maintenance in the Maale speech community, and to investigate whether the mother-tongue literacy programme in the Maale region is going to facilitate language maintenance or contribute to language shift. The findings suggest that regional nationalism, which corresponds to ethnic nationalism in Paulston's theory of social mobilisation, is the reason why the Maale language has been maintained as a viable language in spite of centuries of political repression. The findings also indicate that the mother-tongue literacy programme currently contributes to language maintenance but it is a stepping stone to further education, which favours the learning of a second language, which could lead to possible attrition of the mother tongue. / Linguistics / M.A. (Sociolinguistics)

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sociolinguistique et de l’anthropologie linguistique. De nature descriptive et qualitative, elle porte sur la commutation de code entre les langues ouïghoure et chinoise. L’étude se base sur un corpus composé de données ethnographiques, linguistiques et conversationnelles, recueillies entre 2012 et 2013 dans la ville de Ürümchi, capitale de la Région Autonome du Xinjiang, à travers des observations de terrain et d’enregistrements de conversations spontanées.L’analyse porte sur les caractéristiques structurelles de la commutation de code, sur ses aspects pragmatiques et socio-culturels ainsi que sur la valeur idéologique de cette pratique linguistique. La nature complexe du phénomène et le contexte historique et politique de la région du Xinjiang nous ont conduite à insérer les phénomènes de commutation de code dans une dimension interdisciplinaire. Par conséquent, l’étude prend en compte différents facteurs, micro- et macro-, de nature politique et sociale : les politiques linguistiques menées par le gouvernement chinois, la relation diglossique entre le ouïghour et le chinois, les caractéristiques urbaines de la ville de Ürümchi et les relations ethniques entre Ouïghours et Chinois Han. L’étude a donc pour objectif la présentation de la commutation de code ouïghour-chinois en tant que pratique langagière complexe, dans laquelle entrent en jeu les traits structurels des deux langues, les besoins interactionnels, les changements culturels et sociaux, ainsi que les dynamiques identitaires. / This thesis is related to the field of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Its nature is descriptive and qualitative and deals with code switching between Uyghur and Chinese. The study is based on a corpus made of ethnographic, linguistic and conversational data, gathered in the city of Ürümchi, capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013, through field observations and recording of spontaneous conversation. The analyses focus on the structural characteristics of code switching, on its pragmatic and sociocultural aspects, as well as on the ideological value of this language practice. Because of the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as the historical and political context of Xinjiang region, this study inserts Uyghur-Chinese code switching in an interdisciplinary dimension. Therefore, it takes into account different factors, micro- and macro- of political and social nature, within them language policies brought by the government, the diglossic relations between Uyghur and Chinese, Ürümchi urban characteristics and the ethnic relationships between Uyghurs and Han Chinese. The study aims at presenting Uyghur-Chinese code switching as a complex language practice, in which come into play structural features, cultural and social changes, as well as construction identity dynamics.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sociolinguistique et de l’anthropologie linguistique. De nature descriptive et qualitative, elle porte sur la commutation de code entre les langues ouïghoure et chinoise. L’étude se base sur un corpus composé de données ethnographiques, linguistiques et conversationnelles, recueillies entre 2012 et 2013 dans la ville de Ürümchi, capitale de la Région Autonome du Xinjiang, à travers des observations de terrain et d’enregistrements de conversations spontanées.L’analyse porte sur les caractéristiques structurelles de la commutation de code, sur ses aspects pragmatiques et socio-culturels ainsi que sur la valeur idéologique de cette pratique linguistique. La nature complexe du phénomène et le contexte historique et politique de la région du Xinjiang nous ont conduite à insérer les phénomènes de commutation de code dans une dimension interdisciplinaire. Par conséquent, l’étude prend en compte différents facteurs, micro- et macro-, de nature politique et sociale : les politiques linguistiques menées par le gouvernement chinois, la relation diglossique entre le ouïghour et le chinois, les caractéristiques urbaines de la ville de Ürümchi et les relations ethniques entre Ouïghours et Chinois Han. L’étude a donc pour objectif la présentation de la commutation de code ouïghour-chinois en tant que pratique langagière complexe, dans laquelle entrent en jeu les traits structurels des deux langues, les besoins interactionnels, les changements culturels et sociaux, ainsi que les dynamiques identitaires. / This thesis is related to the field of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Its nature is descriptive and qualitative and deals with code switching between Uyghur and Chinese. The study is based on a corpus made of ethnographic, linguistic and conversational data, gathered in the city of Ürümchi, capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013, through field observations and recording of spontaneous conversation. The analyses focus on the structural characteristics of code switching, on its pragmatic and sociocultural aspects, as well as on the ideological value of this language practice. Because of the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as the historical and political context of Xinjiang region, this study inserts Uyghur-Chinese code switching in an interdisciplinary dimension. Therefore, it takes into account different factors, micro- and macro- of political and social nature, within them language policies brought by the government, the diglossic relations between Uyghur and Chinese, Ürümchi urban characteristics and the ethnic relationships between Uyghurs and Han Chinese. The study aims at presenting Uyghur-Chinese code switching as a complex language practice, in which come into play structural features, cultural and social changes, as well as construction identity dynamics.

This work is dedicated to the study of the dialect of Spanish at Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). The work is divided into three sections. In the first part, the basic concepts related to the subject of the work are delimited. The second part focuses on the evolution of Spanish and Amerindian languages in Mexico, as well it includes the linguistic situation at Yucatan Peninsula and characterizes the Mayan languages. As for the third part, it consists of the analysis of Spanish of Yucatan, it includes descriptions of characteristics of phonetics, morphology and lexicology. The work emphasizes the influence of Mayan language on the dialect.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sociolinguistique et de l’anthropologie linguistique. De nature descriptive et qualitative, elle porte sur la commutation de code entre les langues ouïghoure et chinoise. L’étude se base sur un corpus composé de données ethnographiques, linguistiques et conversationnelles, recueillies entre 2012 et 2013 dans la ville de Ürümchi, capitale de la Région Autonome du Xinjiang, à travers des observations de terrain et d’enregistrements de conversations spontanées.L’analyse porte sur les caractéristiques structurelles de la commutation de code, sur ses aspects pragmatiques et socio-culturels ainsi que sur la valeur idéologique de cette pratique linguistique. La nature complexe du phénomène et le contexte historique et politique de la région du Xinjiang nous ont conduite à insérer les phénomènes de commutation de code dans une dimension interdisciplinaire. Par conséquent, l’étude prend en compte différents facteurs, micro- et macro-, de nature politique et sociale : les politiques linguistiques menées par le gouvernement chinois, la relation diglossique entre le ouïghour et le chinois, les caractéristiques urbaines de la ville de Ürümchi et les relations ethniques entre Ouïghours et Chinois Han. L’étude a donc pour objectif la présentation de la commutation de code ouïghour-chinois en tant que pratique langagière complexe, dans laquelle entrent en jeu les traits structurels des deux langues, les besoins interactionnels, les changements culturels et sociaux, ainsi que les dynamiques identitaires. / This thesis is related to the field of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Its nature is descriptive and qualitative and deals with code switching between Uyghur and Chinese. The study is based on a corpus made of ethnographic, linguistic and conversational data, gathered in the city of Ürümchi, capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013, through field observations and recording of spontaneous conversation. The analyses focus on the structural characteristics of code switching, on its pragmatic and sociocultural aspects, as well as on the ideological value of this language practice. Because of the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as the historical and political context of Xinjiang region, this study inserts Uyghur-Chinese code switching in an interdisciplinary dimension. Therefore, it takes into account different factors, micro- and macro- of political and social nature, within them language policies brought by the government, the diglossic relations between Uyghur and Chinese, Ürümchi urban characteristics and the ethnic relationships between Uyghurs and Han Chinese. The study aims at presenting Uyghur-Chinese code switching as a complex language practice, in which come into play structural features, cultural and social changes, as well as construction identity dynamics.

This study was designed to measure the relation of education and ethnic identity to attitudes towards bilingualism in two different ethnic groups, Asian and Latinos in the United States. In order to do this, an instrument was developed to measure attitudes towards bilingualism. No significant relations were found among education or ethnic identity and attitudes towards bilingualism in either group, but analyses revealed several other significant relationships. The two subscales of ethnic identity, MEIM-R Commitment and Exploration, were related to each other both within Asian and Latino groups and in all participants combined. In the combined sample, education levels of participants' mothers was correlated with the MEIM-R subscale of Exploration. In addition, participants with a Bachelors Degree or above were found to have significantly higher ethnic identity levels of MEIM-R Commitment than participants with an Associates Degree or below. Participants with mothers who possess a Bachelors Degree or above were found to have significantly higher ethnic identity levels of MEIM-R Exploration than participants with mothers who possess an Associates Degree or below. Finally, Asian participants were found to have lower levels of MEIM-R Commitment when compared to Latino participants. / by Cuong T. Le. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

The purpose of this research study was to identify and define important components that might constitute an ecology of language (Mufwene 2001; Haugen 1972). Focusing on components as varied as social networks, physical ecology, identity and linguistic realities allowed for the construction of such a model, which was then applied to a specific case study addressing the vitality of Haitian Creole among first and second generation Haitian college students in South Florida. The resulting ecology of language model demonstrates that the competition and selection pressures guiding language use among first and second generation Haitian college students hinge on two ecological factors: the survey respondents' level of American acculturation and their desire to be involved in or affiliated with a separate subgroup of Haitians. The study found that (1) the reported language behavior of parents had no correlations with the respondents' interest in affiliating with other Haitians, and (2) Haitia n college students who do identify strongly with Haitian culture do not necessarily equate that cultural identity with the Haitian Creole language. These results suggest, in contrast to the claims of Zephir (2001), that Haitian college students will acculturate quickly into American linguistic society despite their desire to maintain the hyphenated identity of Haitian-American. Additionally, many of the conditions which are noted in the language endangerment literature (Grenoble & Whaley1998; Nettle & Romaine 2000; Crystal 2000) pointing towards language loss are occurring within the Haitian college community in South Florida. Despite the fact Haitian college students in South Florida all have positive attitudes towards Haitian culture and language, the respondents prefer to speak English rather than Haitian Creole. As is the case with other minority languages (Potowski 2010), it can be predicted that Haitian Creole will maintain its integrity and vitality in America continued / immigration. / by Kristyl Williams Kepley. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The focus of this study is use of discourse markers (DM). Data consists of taped interactions of informants. From this data, four particular DM are analyzed with regard to distribution in turn taking. The concepts of cohesion and coherence in text or discourse, together with informants´ communicative and discourse strategies, in a group of bilingual speakers (BS) and a control group of monolingual speakers (MS), are also analyzed. The findings confirm that BS, compared to the MS, make more frequent use of y with a pragmatic meaning when introducing various types of questions that constitute requests for elucidation directed to an interlocutor and thereby continue the interaction. In general, however, the MS use the DM y more frequently than the BS, demonstrating a more elaborate sense of stylistics in the coordination of their turn as narrations and descriptions. With regard to pero, the BS prefer to use this DM with a pragmatic meaning, in the continuation of an intervention or at the end of a turn, in order to question that which has been stated. The MS use pero primarily with a semantic meaning, to express counter-arguments inside a turn. It is exclusively the BS who use the DM así que with pragmatic meaning of consequence, in interactional exchanges, when they wish to introduce questions and assertions, where así que begins their reaction to the utterance of the interlocutor. Such questions may be regarded as a discourse strategy that permits possibilities for avoiding taking responsibility for how an utterance is interpreted. In addition, both the BS and the MS use así que at the end of turns, providing the discourse with meta-pragmatic meaning whereby it allows possibilities for interpreting this as finalizing. Through their use of es que, the BS gradually explain and justify statements made in utterances during their turns while the MS, through use in their discourse of this DM, allows them to introduce explications, justifications or excuses in the event of possible disagreement. In addition, the MS use justification introduced through this DM as a strategy to take a turn or to attempt to take over the turn, where es que conveys discourse-pragmatic meaning and introduces a tone of verbal courtesy. / Den digitala versionen: ny rev. utg. 2005.