The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the current situation of the company in terms of automation and digitization of its production process and the subsequent de-sign of measures respecting the principles of lean manufacturing, which aim to help the company achieve its goals and gain a competitive advantage in the market. An integral part of this work is also the subsequent discussion of the conditions necessary for suc-cessful implementation, as well as discussion of the resulting risks and benefits of the proposed measures.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to use the principles of lean manufacturing to lean workplace and eliminate all forms of waste in this workplace. A part of this work is opti-mal design of the workplace in terms of ergonomics which should have a positive effect on shortening lead time and process cycle efficiency. Shortening the lead time will allow company to respond more quickly to customer requirements and this effect may subsequently lead to the drop in inventories.

This master's thesis is engaged in optimisation processes of PUQ (as for Purchasing Quality) department, Robert Bosch České Budějovice. This department is responsible for input control of parts for manufacture as well as check of new parts including their documentation and documentation updates. By optimisation we understand selection of the best variant from group of possibilities.

Las micro, pequeña y medianas empresas representan el 99,5% del total de empresas a nivel nacional y son el motor económico generando 8,4 millones de empleos. Sin embargo, presentan una baja tasa de supervivencia de 67,5% y solo el 20% cuenta con un plan de negocio antes de iniciar sus operaciones. Además, se enfrentan a otros problemas como la falta de planificación y perfeccionamiento de los procesos productivos. Así, la falta de estandarización del trabajo en los procesos de producción origina pérdidas para la empresa debido a la generación de mermas, tiempos improductivos, y reprocesos. Por ello, se diseñó un modelo de estandarización del trabajo aplicando herramientas del Lean Manufacturing con el fin de reducir desperdicios e incrementar la productividad. Para su elaboración se tomó como base los modelos planteados por Cesar J. y Sharma S.S. La validación del modelo se realizó en una Mype productora de snacks, de la cual el diagnóstico inicial identificó como principales problemas la generación de mermas y desplazamientos innecesarios a causa de la variación del método de trabajo utilizado por operario y una inadecuada distribución de planta. Después de la aplicación del modelo, se redujeron las mermas del proceso de producción en 59.58%, se redijo en tiempo de parada de mantenimiento en 50.88% y se incrementó la productividad a 74.4% concluyendo que el modelo planteado reduce los desperdicios e incrementa la productividad. / Micro, small and medium-sized companies represent 99.5% of the total number of companies nationwide and are the economic engine, generating 8.4 million jobs. However, they have a low survival rate of 67.5% and only 20% have a business plan before starting their operations. In addition, they face other problems such as the lack of planning and improvement of production processes. Thus, the lack of standardization of work in production processes causes losses for the company due to the generation of waste, unproductive times, and reprocessing. For this reason, a work standardization model was designed applying Lean Manufacturing tools in order to reduce waste and increase productivity. For its elaboration, the models proposed by Cesar J. and Sharma SS were taken as a basis. The validation of the model was carried out in a snack-producing Mype, of which the initial diagnosis identified as main problems the generation of waste and unnecessary displacements due to the variation of the working method used by the operator and an inadequate plant layout. After the application of the model, the losses of the production process were reduced by 59.58%, maintenance downtime was reduced by 50.88% and productivity was increased to 74.4%, concluding that the proposed model reduces waste and increases productivity. / Trabajo de investigación

En este trabajo se recogen las experiencias de las PYME’s del sector textil exportador peruano, a través de entrevistas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se elaboró un diagnóstico actual del sector textil, identificando los desperdicios más importantes que afectan a los procesos, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía Lean. El área de estudio específico es el proceso de acabados de prenda, el cual tiene como principal problema el elevado lead time respecto al estándar del mercado, explicado por los altos inventarios y elevados tiempos de espera dentro del proceso. Para afrontar esta situación como propuesta, se realiza el diseño de un sistema Pull, mediante tarjetas Kanban, y una celda de manufactura flexible. Los resultados esperados son la reducción del tamaño de lote que ingresa al área de acabados y la disminución de los tiempos de espera en el proceso, lo que se traduciría en una disminución del lead time. Finalmente, para validar el estudio, se procedió a recabar información de 5 profesionales y dos usuarios del medio local. Los profesionales consultados son expertos en Lean manufacturing y la industria textil. Asimismo, los usuarios del medio local tienes años de experiencia como gerentes o dueños de empresas del sector textil exportador peruano. El proceso se realiza mediante una matriz de validación y una de evaluación de impactos, la cual está centrada en la evaluación del modelo general y de las propuestas. / In this paper, we present the experiences of Peruvian SMEs in the textile export sector, collected through interviews. Based on the results obtained, a diagnosis of the textile sector was elaborated identifying the most important waste that affects processes, using the Lean philosophy point of view. The specific area studied was the garment finishing process, which has as its main problem a high lead time compared to the market standard, explained by the high inventories and high waiting times within the process. To face this situation, as a proposal, the design of a Pull system using Kanban cards and a flexible manufacturing cell are carried out. The expected results are the reduction of the lot size that enters the finishing area and the reduction of waiting times in the process, which translates into a decrease in lead time. Finally, to validate the study, approval, and feedback from 5 professionals and two users of the local environment where collected. Professionals consulted are experts in Lean manufacturing and the textile industry. Likewise, users of the local environment have years of experience as managers or owners of companies in the Peruvian textile export sector. The process is carried out through a validation matrix and an impact evaluation matrix which are focused on evaluating the general model and the proposals. / Tesis

En el Perú, la industria alimentaria es una de las principales industrias que aportan al sector manufacturero y a la economía nacional. En el 2019, generó ventas de hasta US$ 9 mil millones, según datos de América Economía. Sin embargo, las empresas peruanas se ven enfrentadas a grandes deficiencias, provocando esto brechas competitivas respecto a otros países Latinoamericanos, siendo los productos defectuosos la principal problemática que se presenta sobre todo en las pymes. Dicha problemática no solo afecta en la calidad de los productos sino también en la rentabilidad del negocio, perjudicando la competitividad en medio de un mercado cambiante y cada vez más demandante de un mejor servicio. El presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar la situación actual de trabajo en una pyme de la industria alimentaria y proponer herramientas de mejora en los procesos con el fin de incrementar su competitividad y satisfacer a sus clientes con los más altos estándares de calidad. Como parte de esta investigación se proporcionarán los principales estudios y modelos más destacados basados en la filosofía Lean que permitirán plantear diferentes alternativas de solución para la problemática identificada en la empresa en estudio. Estas alternativas buscan mejorar la calidad de los productos y además conseguir una cultura de mejora continua. Por último, esta investigación tiene como objetivo establecer las herramientas más adecuadas de la filosofía Lean para la solución de las causas raíz identificadas en el diagnóstico, además de implementar las propuestas de mejora necesarias en la organización, a fin de optimizar los procesos productivos. De esta manera, se conseguirá obtener procesos estandarizados y eficientes, modificando métodos de trabajo e incrementando la eficiencia de los equipos para aumentar los niveles de calidad. / In Peru, the food industry is one of the main industries that contribute to the manufacturing sector and to the national economy. In 2019, it generated sales of up to US$ 9 billion, according to data from América Economía. However, Peruvian companies are faced with major deficiencies, causing these competitive gaps with respect to other Latin American countries, being defective products the main problem that occurs especially in SMEs. This problem not only affects the quality of the products but also the profitability of the business, harming competitiveness in the midst of a changing market and increasingly demanding of a better service. This research work seeks to analyse the current work situation in an SME in the food industry and propose tools to improve processes in order to increase its competitiveness and satisfy its customers with the highest quality standards. As part of this research, will be provided the main studies and most outstanding models based on Lean philosophy, that will allow to propose different solution alternatives for the problem identified in the company under study. These alternatives seek to improve the quality of the products and also achieve a culture of continuous improvement. Finally, this research aims to establish the most appropriate tools of the Lean philosophy for the solution of the root causes identified in the diagnosis, in addition to implementing the necessary improvement proposals in the organization, in order to optimize production processes. In this way, it will be possible to obtain standardized and efficient processes, modifying work methods and increasing the efficiency of the equipment to increase quality levels. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The dissertation thesis is focused on increase of the efficiency of production processes in Czech companies, whose main work focus is electric motor production with usage of the lean manufacturing tools with the environmental management system. The main reason for choosing this topic were results of prime study of the target group of companies which has proved that companies do have trouble not just with integration but especially with implementation of the lean manufacturing methods. This is the reason why concrete conditions and basic principles need to be defined to show how to proceed. The objective of this dissertation thesis is to suggest the model of integration of lean manufacturing tools with optional environmental management tool and as the lean manufacturing tools were chosen methods of lean management in production and as an optional environmental tool was chosen system of environmental management based on norm ISO 14 001. For this area of interest the primary and secondary research was used. Based on knowledge from detailed research of Czech and foreign literary sources a survey and guided interview was started with companies, which are focused on electric motor production. The thesis contains a detailed evaluation of empirical research with testing of stated hypothesis, based on which the verbal model of the integration of the lean manufacturing tools with the environmental management system is assembled. The implantation based on the suggested verbal model of the integration in the company should lead not just to the relationship improvement between the company and the environment but also to better understanding of the relationship of two independent kinds of company management leading to saving money, working environment improvement, productivity increase or ecological onus decrease. The benefits can be seen in theoretical, practical and also pedagogical level.

3D printing technologies have been gaining a lot of popularity in the last fifteen years, technologies like Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing have never been as accessible as they are today, and with the introduction of the desktop 3D printer, the technology is becoming a mainstream tool for developing prototypes and direct part production from a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) file. In an industrial context, the technology is utilized for different purposes, among which is the development and production of customized and task-specific tools. The proposed work in this thesis is an approach to simplify and streamline the development process of customized production tooling and workstation. The approach was used to identify problems and improvement opportunities at a production facility that delivered IT products. Furthermore, the Technical framework included in the proposed approach provided a guiding path to follow for the prototype development of tools to address identified problems. Developed tools and proposed solutions positively affected the production line work procedure and were accepted and adopted. While other solutions required further exploration and iterative cycles as some reluctance was experienced hence it implied changes in the workflow and daily routines.

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene por finalidad presentar una propuesta de mejora en la gestión de reparación de componentes de maquinaria pesada que se realiza en el taller de la empresa San Martin Contratistas S.A. basado en el enfoque Lean Manufacturing (Manufactura Esbelta) mediante ello se propone la implementación de herramientas que permiten mejorar la calidad de los servicios,reduciendo el tiempo de entrega y cumpliendo las exigencias de los clientes. Asimismo, se realizó el análisis cuantitativo de las consecuencias y los problemas que los originan. Después del diagnóstico se ha identficado 3 causas principales al problema: Inadecuado proceso de reabastecimiento de repuestos,distribución inadecuada de instalaciones y demora en el proceso de diagnóstico de fallas, los cuales impactan directamente en las operaciones y la rentabilidad de la empresa. El presente proyecto de investigación consta de cuatro capítulos, los cuales en su conjunto permitirán la comprensión del sector, el análisis de la problemática, la propuesta de solución y el impacto económico de la propuesta. Finalmente, se presentarán las conclusiones de la implementación de las herramientas de Lean Manufacturing y las recomendaciones del estudio respectivo. / The purpose of this research project is to present a proposal for improvement in the repair management of heavy machinery components that is carried out in the workshop of the company San Martin Contractors S.A. Based on the Lean Manufacturing approach, it is proposed to implement tools that allow improving the quality of services, reducing delivery time and meeting customer requirements. Likewise, a quantitative analysis of the consequences and the problems that originate them was carried out. After the diagnosis, 3 main causes of the problem have been identified: Inadequate spare parts replenishment process, inadequate distribution of facilities and delay in the fault diagnosis process, which directly impact the operations and profitability of the company. This research project consists of four chapters, which together will allow the understanding of the sector, the analysis of the problem, the proposed solution and the economic impact of the proposal. Finally, the conclusions of the implementation of the Lean Manufacturing tools and the recommendations of the respective study will be presented. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Lean Manufacturing (LM) en la actualidad, es una de las metodologías de trabajo más aplicadas en las compañías que buscan eliminar los desperdicios de la operación, en base a la filosofía de mejora continua. Esto con el fin de que sus procesos internos se vuelvan más esbeltos y por ende más eficientes. En el presente estudio se podrá apreciar cómo un modelo de mejora basado en la combinación de algunas herramientas Lean tales como VSM, SMED y Manufactura celular, puede ser aplicado para optimizar las operaciones de una empresa de supermercados que produce panes a gran escala y de manera automatizada. Los panes son elaborados en una planta de producción de alimentos, para luego ser distribuidos a las distintas sedes del supermercado en donde se produce la venta final del producto. Algunos de los beneficios más relevantes que se identificaron después de la implementación de este modelo son el ahorro de costos de operación y distribución; así como el cumplimiento de la cuota de producción inicialmente planteada para la línea de panadería. / Lean Manufacturing (LM) is currently one of the most applied work methodologies in companies seeking to eliminate waste from the operation, based on the philosophy of continuous improvement. This in order that their internal processes become more slender and therefore more efficient. In the present study it will be appreciated how an improvement model based on the combination of some Lean tools such as VSM, SMED and Cellular Manufacturing, can be applied to optimize the operations of a supermarket company that produces bread on a large scale and in a automated. The breads are made in a food production plant, and then they are distributed to the different branches of the supermarket where the final sale of the product takes place. Some of the most relevant benefits that were identified after the implementation of this model are savings in operating and distribution costs; as well as the fulfillment of the production quota initially set for the bakery line. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional