Learning and memorizing vocabularies of a new language is regarded as an important factor ingaining mastery over a new language while it is a tedious and challenging task. Learners feel reluctant to learn new words by heart and, in most cases, they fail to do so. The aim of this studyis to propose a pleasurable teaching methodology by using music as a variable to enhance and tofacilitate the learning process and to bring joy to the language learning environment.

This article, emerged from a bachelor thesis, focuses on the classification of hydrometeors measured by the Laser Precipitation Monitor by the Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. KG. The optical disdrometer can classify measurements of hydrometeor size and fall velocity spectra concerning the precipitation type. The measurement principle of the disdrometer is explained, as well as the classifications. For reasons of calculation time, mostly six main precipitation types are considered (drizzle, rain, snow, ice grains, hail, mixed). It is the goal to understand the process of a reliable classification and to determine how these classifications are implemented. Therefore, the precipitation measurements from the measurement field of the Leipzig Institute for Meteorology from 2021 are used. An analysis of the spectrum consisting of hydrometeor diameter and fall speed is investigated. Afterwards, two machine learning methods are applied to the dataset. The classification of each sample through grouping similar samples using cluster analysis serves as an unsupervised approach and in particular examines the natural clusters present in the dataset. Contrasting that the purely statistical, nonphysical, supervised Random Forest method is applied as well. The comparison of the unsupervised and supervised approach shows that for the classification the supervised method is more promising. / Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich auf die Klassifizierung von Hydrometeoren, welche durch den Laser Niederschlags Monitor der Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. KG gemessen werden. Das optische Disdrometer kann die Messungen von Fallgeschwindigkeits- und Größenspektren der Niederschlagspartikel eigenständig in Gruppen der Niederschlagsart einsortieren. Das Messprinzip, sowie die Klassifizierungsmechanismen werden erklärt. Auf Grund der Rechenzeit werden im Rahmen der folgenden Untersuchungen hauptsächlich die 6 Hauptniederschlagsarten (Niesel, Regen, Schnee, Eiskörner, Hagel, Gemischt) unterschieden. Das Ziel der Analyse ist es, den Prozess einer zuverlässigen Klassifizierung zu verstehen und die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung abzuschätzen. Dafür werden die Niederschlagsdaten der Wetterwiese des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie aus dem Jahr 2021 verwendet. Nach erster grundlegender Betrachtung des Datensatzes werden zwei verschiedene Machine Learning Methoden angewendet. Als unüberwachte Methode dient der Ansatz der Clusteranalyse, welcher alle Samples über Ähnlichkeitskriterien gruppiert und dadurch die natürliche Gruppierbarkeit eines Datensatzes aufzeigt. Im Gegensatz dazu steht die rein statistische, unphysikalische Methode des Random Forest mit überwachtem Lernprozess. Im Vergleich beider Ansätze zeigt sich, dass ein überwachter Machine Learning Methode zufriedenstellendere Ergebisse erzeugt als unüberwachte Prozesse.

La conduite des politiques économiques a été mise en question après le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007. Cette thèse analyse les faiblesses identifiées dans la réglementation existante avant la crise et propose des pistes d’amélioration. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’existence du canal de la prise de risque en zone euro. Parle biais des mesures de causalité de long terme, nous démontrons que la politique monétaire a une influence sur le niveau de risque financier. Un autre constat tiré de cette analyse concerne l’absence des mesures de risque systémique.Par conséquent, le deuxième chapitre étudie les mesures proposées après la crise pour les institutions financières et les applique aux États membres de la zone euro. A l’aide de ces mesures, les autorités pourront imposer des règles plus strictes aux pays les plus risqués d’un point de vue systémique. Le chapitre trois envisage une première solution visant à atténuer l’effet des décisions monétaires sur le risque. Nous étudions, à travers un modèle DSGE, l’impact de la stratégie de “leaning against the wind” sur les cycles économiques et financiers. Les résultats montrent qu’unetelle approche n’est pas suffisante pour stabiliser l’économie et que des arbitrages entre objectifs apparaissent. Pour cette raison, le dernier chapitre porte plus en détail sur les arbitrages entre objectifs, et propose, comme une deuxième solution, l’intégration des mesures macroprudentielles dans l’analyse. En utilisant un modèle Néo-Keynésien sous forme réduite, nous trouvons que les fonds propres contracycliques aident à réduire la volatilité des cycles, mais que les trade-offs demeurent en cas de chocs financiers. Le rôle de la banque centrale dans le maintien de la stabilité financière s’avère aussi important, puisque l’utilisation du leaning against the wind semble améliorer la volatilité des cycles. / The conduct of economic policy has been called into question after the outbreak of the financial crisis in2007. This thesis analyzes the flaws identified in the regulation enforced before the crisis and offers suggestionsfor improvement. The first chapter focuses on the existence of the risk-taking channel in the Eurozone. Throughmeasures of long-term causality, we demonstrate that monetary policy influences the level of financial risk. Anotherconclusion drawn from this analysis is the absence of systemic risk measures. Therefore, the second chapter analyzesthe measures proposed after the crisis for financial institutions and applies them to members of the Eurozone. Basedon these measures, authorities may impose stricter rules on countries that prove to be systemically risky. Chapterthree considers a first solution to mitigate the effect of monetary policy decisions on risk. We study, through a DSGEmodel, the impact of the "leaning against the wind" strategy on economic and financial cycles. The results show thatthis approach is not sufficient to stabilize the economy and that it gives rise to trade-offs between objectives. For thisreason, the last chapter examines in more detail the trade-offs between objectives, and proposes as second solution,the integration of macroprudential measures in the analysis. Using a reduced form New-Keynesian model, we find thatcountercyclical capital helps to reduce the volatility of cycles, but trade-offs appear in case of financial shocks. Therole of the central bank in maintaining financial stability seems also important, as the use of leaning against the windimproves cycles’ volatility.

The purposes of this study were to explore students&rsquo / perceptions of the extent to which constructivist approaches are present in chemistry classes at high school level in Turkey, to assess students&rsquo / perceptions of their chemistry teachers&rsquo / communication behaviours in their classroom learning environments and to investigate the learning strategies of students in chemistry classes considering school type, gender, and grade level differences. In this study, the Constructivist Learning Environment Questionnaire (CLES), the Teacher Communication Behaviour v Questionnaire (TCBQ) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) were used as measuring instruments. In addition, the questionnaires included some questions for demographic characteristics of participants. The study was conducted in conveniently selected two schools (private and public) in Ankara with a total of 994 ninth and tenth grade students in the second term of 2006-2007 semesters. Data obtained from the administration of measuring instruments by using the analysis of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) The results of the study indicated that school type, gender and grade level of the students had significant effect on perception of classroom learning environment, teacher&rsquo / communication behaviour and perceived use of learning strategies. For instance, students in private schools perceived their classroom-learning environment more constructivist than student in public school. In addition girls rated that, their learning environment and teachers&rsquo / communication behaviours more favourably than did boys. The study also showed that students use rehearsal-learning strategy mostly in their chemistry classrooms.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Anderson luiz Ellwanger.pdf: 1394758 bytes, checksum: e35e88d2fba4d4efacd6a986dc4e3d06 (MD5) Anderson luiz Ellwanger.pdf.jpg: 3331 bytes, checksum: e87733a69171c7e125d982f3b3fcbc5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work aims to organize and implement a didactic module covering Nanoscience and Nanotechnology subjects. The work was conducted in classes of basic school students. This material was developed for a total of five periods, the audience is composed of 123 students belonging to the third year of Riachuelo high school in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. This work was divided in stages, these being defined as: "Motivation", where students were asked about the subject, and also at this stage were presented curious about the subject, leading them and influence them to seek explanations for situations presented. The next step in what was called "Understanding the scale , where a sequence of images the students were differentiating and relating the different scales of measurement to achieve the nanometer. In the next step named "Developing the theme," were presented simulations to understand the behavior of nanostructures and their advantages. In the next stage called "Knowing the theme in the literature , were used to disseminate scientific texts that addressed the theme, where the reading of texts was made in house and discussed in the classroom. The last step "Assessment" as a tool was developed using a questionnaire with open questions about the type of approach used in the Didactic Module and measuring knowledge of the subject was performed using a thesis that is directed to a paradox of applications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. The work as a whole was anchored on the extraordinary potential of this science, as well as their innovative applications. And the results generally were satisfactory and met the objectives, showing itself as an effective methodology in the insertion of this topic in Basic Education / O presente trabalho consiste na organização e implementação de um Módulo Didático que abrange a Nanociência e a sua aplicação a Nanotecnologia. O trabalho foi implementado em turmas de alunos do Ensino Básico. Esse material foi desenvolvido num total de cinco períodos, sendo o público alvo de 123 alunos, pertencentes ao terceiro ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio Riachuelo na cidade de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho foi subdividido em etapas, sendo estas definidas como Motivação ; na qual os alunos foram questionados sobre o tema abordado, e também nesta etapa foram apresentadas curiosidades acerca do tema, conduzindo-os e instigando-os a buscar explicações para as situações apresentadas. A etapa seguinte consiste no que foi chamado de Compreendendo a escala , na qual numa sequência de imagens os alunos foram diferenciando e relacionando as diferentes escalas de medida até atingir o nanometro. Na próxima etapa nomeada Desenvolvendo o tema , foram apresentadas simulações para compreender o comportamento de nanoestruturas e suas vantagens. Na etapa seguinte chamada de Conhecendo o tema na literatura , foram usados textos de divulgação científica que abordassem o tema, na qual a leitura dos textos foi feita em casa e discutida em sala de aula. A última etapa Avaliação foi desenvolvida usando como ferramenta um questionário com perguntas abertas sobre o tipo de abordagem usada no Módulo Didático e a aferição do conhecimento a respeito do tema foi feita usando uma dissertação que se direcionava para um paradoxo de aplicações da Nanociência e Nanotecnologia. O trabalho como um todo se ancorou no potencial extraordinário dessa ciência, bem como em suas aplicações inovadoras. E os resultados de um modo geral foram satisfatórios e atingiram os objetivos propostos, mostrando-se como uma metodologia eficiente na inserção desse tópico no Ensino Básico.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T11:40:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 matheusribeirofurtadodemendonca.pdf: 1083096 bytes, checksum: bb42372f22411bc93823b92e7361a490 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-31T12:42:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 matheusribeirofurtadodemendonca.pdf: 1083096 bytes, checksum: bb42372f22411bc93823b92e7361a490 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T12:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 matheusribeirofurtadodemendonca.pdf: 1083096 bytes, checksum: bb42372f22411bc93823b92e7361a490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Muitos jogos modernos apresentam elementos que permitem que o jogador complete certos objetivos sem ser visto pelos inimigos. Isso culminou no surgimento de um novo gênero chamado de jogos furtivos, onde a furtividade é essencial. Embora elementos de furtividade sejam muito comuns em jogos modernos, este tema não tem sido estudado extensivamente. Este trabalho aborda três problemas distintos: (i) como utilizar uma abordagem por aprendizado de máquinas de forma a permitir que o agente furtivo aprenda como se comportar adequadamente em qualquer ambiente, (ii) criar um método eficiente para planejamento de caminhos furtivos que possa ser acoplado à nossa formulação por aprendizado de máquinas e (iii) como usar computação evolutiva de forma a definir certos parâmetros para nossa abordagem por aprendizado de máquinas. É utilizado aprendizado por reforço para aprender bons comportamentos que sejam capazes de atingir uma alta taxa de sucesso em testes aleatórios de um jogo furtivo. Também é proposto uma abor dagem evolucionária capaz de definir automaticamente uma boa função de reforço para a abordagem por aprendizado por reforço. / Many modern games present stealth elements that allow the player to accomplish a certain objective without being spotted by enemy patrols. This gave rise to a new genre called stealth games, where covertness plays a major role. Although quite popular in modern games, stealthy behaviors has not been extensively studied. In this work, we tackle three different problems: (i) how to use a machine learning approach in order to allow the stealthy agent to learn good behaviors for any environment, (ii) create an efficient stealthy path planning method that can be coupled with our machine learning formulation, and (iii) how to use evolutionary computing in order to define specific parameters for our machine learning approach without any prior knowledge of the problem. We use Reinforcement Learning in order to learn good covert behavior capable of achieving a high success rate in random trials of a stealth game. We also propose an evolutionary approach that is capable of automatically defining a good reward function for our reinforcement learning approach.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T15:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 creusacoelhodasilvarocha.pdf: 1334945 bytes, checksum: 91e652bcb4742e42e7fdf93d92ac69a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T20:16:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 creusacoelhodasilvarocha.pdf: 1334945 bytes, checksum: 91e652bcb4742e42e7fdf93d92ac69a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T20:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 creusacoelhodasilvarocha.pdf: 1334945 bytes, checksum: 91e652bcb4742e42e7fdf93d92ac69a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta pesquisa analisa o baixo desempenho em Matemática dos alunos do 6º ano e alunos do 7º ano com pendências na Matemática do 6º, da Escola Estadual Getúlio Vargas (Belo Horizonte - MG), com foco nas representações e sentidos da disciplina, e propõe um Plano de Ação Educacional que objetiva contribuir com a reversão desse quadro específico de insucesso e reprovação. As indagações e objetivos deste estudo apontam para características de uma investigação que privilegia técnicas qualitativas de análise, em que a fonte de dados é a pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental, o questionário, a entrevista e a observação. Constatou-se que, por parte dos alunos, há falta de empenho e hábitos de estudo, além de defasagens não tratadas e acúmulo de conceitos não apreendidos, que podem gerar o desinteresse, visto que os dados demonstraram que o percentual dos desinteressados e que não têm hábitos de estudo coincide com o percentual de reprovados ano a ano. Não há, por sua vez, um planejamento coletivo que possa nortear o trabalho dos professores, daí as práticas pedagógicas serem desarticuladas. A gestão pedagógica da escola é suprimida pela gestão burocrática e a atuação dos gestores fica focalizada nos problemas imediatos surgidos no dia a dia da escola e nas exigências burocráticas do sistema. O plano de ação decorrente desta investigação contempla ações divididas em três eixos: 1) Sistema de Ensino: organização de Grupo de Apoio entre os professores, com estudos coletivos para adoção de sistema e condutas coletivas e comuns de ensino; 2) Formação Continuada: através de ação-reflexão-ação, baseada em estudos, discussões e busca de soluções coletivas para os problemas e, com isso, aprimoramento dos saberes docentes, metodologias de abordagens e ensino dos conteúdos e, ainda, revisão da concepção de avaliação, através de problematização e estudo; 3) Intervenção junto aos alunos com dificuldades, por meio do aluno-monitor, quando quem ensina também aprende, numa troca e aprimoramento da aprendizagem. Em nosso Plano de Ação Educacional, consideramos a necessidade de lembrar os gestores no nível local, que têm se ocupado mais das questões de cunho administrativo, da gestão pedagógica como ponto de convergência de todas as outras dimensões da gestão escolar. / The present dissertation analyzes the low academic achievement levels in Mathematics among the students from the 6th grade and those from 7th grade taking 6th grade Math, at the State School Getúlio Vargas (Belo Horizonte/MG) – focusing on the subject‟s representations and meanings – and proposes an Educational Action Plan which aims to contribute to reverting this specific scenario of low failure and repetition rates. The study‟s enquiries and goals point to characteristics of an investigation that gives priority to qualitative analysis technics, in which the source of data is bibliographical research, documental analysis, survey, interview and observation. It was observed that, as far as the students are concerned, there is a lack of commitment and study habits, besides delay issues that are not dealt with and a gathering of concepts not learned that may generate lack of interest; given that the data has shown that the percentage of uninterested students and those who do not have study habits coincides with the percentage of students who fail each year. On the other hand, there is no collective planning that may guide the teachers‟ work, resulting in unarticulated pedagogical practices. The pedagogical management at the school is suppressed by the bureaucratic management and the work of manages remains focused on the immediate problems arisen from the school‟s day-to-day and the bureaucratic demands from the system. The action plan resulting from this investigation contemplated actions on three axis: 1) Teaching System: organization of a Support Group among the teachers with collective studies in order to adopt a system and collective conducts common to their teaching; 2) Continuing Formation: by means of a action-reflection-action based on studies, discussions and the search for collective solutions to the problems and as such promoting the improvement of the teaching knowledge, approach methodologies and content teaching and also revise the concept of assessment by means of problematizing and study; 3) Intervention with the students presenting difficulties by means of a student-tutor who teaches and also learns in an exchange and learning improvement. In our Educational Action Plan we have considered the need to remember the managers on a local level, who have been more occupied with administrative matters, of the pedagogical management as a point of convergence of all the other school management dimensions.

This is a chapter of a book that has been published in Persian Language in 2012. Here the physical and static rules of trees are presented and the methods are explained for feeling trees in correct way: balanced trees, low leaning trees, heavy leaning trees, felling of special trees, in steep slopes, releasing hang up trees and using winch.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch / Es handelt sich um ein Kapitel aus einem Buch, das 2012 im persischer Sprache veröffentlicht wurde. Darin werden die physikalischen und statischen Prinzipien von Bäumen dargestellt und die Methoden erklärt, mit denen Bäume korrekt gefällt werden können: aufrechte Bäume, Bäume mit einem leichten und starken Hang, Spezialfällung, Fällung am Steilhang und von Hängern, Einsatz einer Winde.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in attitudes towards prisoners between different occupations, political leanings and genders. To measure attitudes the scale Attitudes towards prisoners, ATP, was firstly translated into Swedish and later distributed as a part of a survey. This study is based on a sample of 144 respondents consisting of prison officers, students of criminology and respondents with experience from both of the fields. Both parametric and non-parametric tests were used to answer the stated purpose of the study. The results show that women exhibited a significantly more positive attitude compared to men, participants leaning left politically exhibited significantly more positive attitudes compared to both neutral- and right leaning participants. Respondents with experience from both the study of criminology and work as prison-officers exhibited the most positive attitudes towards prisoners with a significantly more positive attitude compared to the group of prison-officers. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader i attityd gentemot frihetsberövade mellan olika sysselsättningar, kön och politiska hållningar. För att mäta attityder gentemot frihetsberövade så har mätverktyget Attitudes towards prisoners, ATP, översatts till svenska och därefter delats ut som en del av en enkätundersökning. Denna studie baseras på ett urval av 144 deltagare bestående av kriminologistudenter, kriminalvårdare och deltagare med erfarenhet från de båda fälten. Både parametriska och icke parametriska tester användes för att besvara studiens syfte. Resultatet visar att kvinnor har signifikant mer positiv attityd jämfört med män, deltagare till placerade vänster på ett politiskt spektrum visar en signifikant mer positiv attityd jämfört med både neutrala/obestämda samt deltagare till höger. Det visar sig även att deltagare som har erfarenhet från både kriminologistudier och arbete inom Kriminalvården är de som besitter mest positiv attityd gentemot frihetsberövade och dessa skilde sig signifikant från gruppen med kriminalvårdare.

Health problems associated with computer usage have become more common in recent decades. There are many people who sit or stand still for a long time in the wrong posture while working in front of the computers. There is a lot of research showing that too sedentary sitting and standing causes health problems. Therefore there are many attempts to solve the problems by designing different ergonomic workstations. Except for workstations for sitting or standing, there are also attempts to design workstations for standing-leaning-backward posture. Since there standing-leaning-backward posture during sedentary working in front of the computer can be a better option than sedentary sitting or standing, it is important to find the appropriate standing-leaning backward angle.This is why this study is focused on finding out the appropriate angle of the standing-leaning backward posture during work in front of computer screen. This posture can be an alternative to prevent the following health problems: headache, pain from the neck, shoulders, and back while sitting; and knees, legs, lower back and varicose veins while standing.The appropriate standing-leaning backward angle, where the person felt most comfortable was in this work determined to be between forty to fifty degrees measured starting from the vertical posture. It is also important to understand that the exact angle differs from person to person and depends on the individual skeleton and posture.The result was achieved by testing the comfort for different persons on a specially constructed adjustable transformed tipper-board to a workstation that supports standing-leaning backward posture in different angles. The objective measures like the measured pulse and blood pressure in standing-leaning posture does not differ significantly between standing or sitting postures.The outcome of this project the recommendation to design workstations that offer the opportunity to vary from sitting to standing-leaning posture between forty to fifty degrees. / Hälsoproblem i samband med datoranvändning har blivit allt vanligare dem senaste decennierna. Det är många människor som sitter eller står stilla för länge i fel ställning under tiden de jobbar framför datorer.Det finns mycket forskning som visar att för långt stillasittande eller stillastående orsakar hälsoproblem. Till följd av hälsoproblemen så finns det många försök att lösa problemen genom att designa olika ergonomiska arbetsstationer.Förutom arbetsstationer för sittande eller stående finns också försök att designa arbetsstationer stående-lutande-bakåt. I och med att stående-lutande-bakåt ställning kan vara ett bättre alternativ än stillasittandet eller stillaståendet. Då var det viktigt att hitta den lämpliga stående-lutande-bakåt-vinkeln.Därför fokuserade denna studie på att hitta den lämpliga vinkeln på stående lutande bakåtställning för att bevisa att lämplig vinkel på stående lutande bakåtställning kan ge friskare hållning medan en person arbetar framför datorskärmen. Denna hållning kan vara ett alternativ för att förhindra hälsoproblem som följer av arbete i många timmar framför datorskärmen.Dessa hälsoproblem är: huvudvärk, smärta från nacke, axlar och rygg medan personen sitter stilla för länge; och knän, ben, rygg och åderbråck medan personen står stilla för länge.Den lämpliga stående lutande bakåtvinkeln, där personen kände sig mest bekvämt är mellan fyrtio och femtio grader mätt från början av stående hållning. Resultatet uppnåddes genom att testa komforten med olika personer på justerbar transformerad tippbräda till en arbetsstation som stöder stående lutande bakåtställning i olika vinklar. Uppmätt puls och blodtryck i stående lutande hållning skiljer sig inte signifikant från stående eller sittande ställningar. Vinkeln är individuell och beror på hur personens enskilda skelett och hållning. Resultatet av detta projekt är en rekomendation att utforma arbetsstationer som erbjuder möjlighet att variera från sittande till stående lutande hållning mellan fyrtio och femtio grader.