The aim of this diploma work was to specify the requirements for the front limb of a horse suitable for dressage competitions. The observed factors were individual parts of the front legs. Specifically, it was the shoulder angle, shoulder length, humerus length, shoulder joint angle, forearm length, carpal bones lenght, pastern lenght, horse height centimeters, and dimension from the shoulder joint to the hip. In total, 103 horses of eight different breeds used in dressage competitions were measured. The forearms of the horses were rated at performance levels L (58 horse), S (24 horses) and ST (21 horses). All measured horses did participate in dressage competitions in the past two years (2016 and 2017). From the dressage protocols belonging to the dressage racers, there were overall signs of walking, extended trot, extended canter, half-pass step and walk. For objective assessment, measurements were evaluated by Statistica program and by one-factor anova, Turkey's HSD test and Spearman correlations. The results of this work show that the most important dimension was the shoulder angle (ST 48 °). Furthermore, the horse height, where it turned out that the higher the horse (the ST 180 cm), the higher the performance and the better marks in dressage competitions. The length of the shoulder bone (about 44 cm) affects the marks for trot, canter and walk, but it does not affect whole performance too much. The pastern length (ST performance 18 cm) affects the grades behind the walk and the canter. On average, the shoulder length is about 61 cm, the size between the shoulder joint and the hip of the horse is 122 cm, the length of the forearm 46 47 cm, the length of the carpal bones 31 cm and the angle of the shoulder joint 99 °. Furthermore, the work shows that the higher the horse's performance, the less the dimensions were different, and thus the front legs were more similar. And the biggest differences are between performance horses L and ST or L and S, while the performance class horses at S and ST level are not so striking.

This thesis deals with the issue of patients after the amputation of the lower limb. Loss of the lower limb means a great change for the patient, not only in understanding the integrity of one's own body, one's own health, but also from a functional point of view. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the latest available knowledge about lower limb amputation and postoperative care for patients with this diagnosis. It also deals with self-care, based on Dorotheus Orem's theory of self-care deficit. The aim of the work was to determine the level of self-care of patients after amputation of the lower limb using some aspects of D. E. Orem's model. To find out in what systems D.E. Orem's nurses support patients after the amputation of the lower limb in self-care and how to help nurses care for these patients. The research part of the thesis was realized through a qualitative research survey. The technique of data collection was a semi-structured interview with patients with amputation of the lower limb and nurses who provide nursing care for such ill persons. The theoretical basis for the interview was the DE Oremové model, which was complemented by the ADL (Activity Daily Living), IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale) and the analogue range of pain in the group of respondents - patients. The data obtained were processed in the form of transcripts of the interviews, which are supplemented by evaluation of individual scales. The output of the diploma thesis is a set of recommended measures and a proposal of a comprehensive information material on the amputation of the lower limb for patients, which the nurses should be available to their departments.

abstract: Lower-limb prosthesis users have commonly-recognized deficits in gait and posture control. However, existing methods in balance and mobility analysis fail to provide sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in prosthesis users' postural control and mobility in response to clinical intervention or experimental manipulations and often fail to detect differences between prosthesis users and non-amputee control subjects. This lack of sensitivity limits the ability of clinicians to make informed clinical decisions and presents challenges with insurance reimbursement for comprehensive clinical care and advanced prosthetic devices. These issues have directly impacted clinical care by restricting device options, increasing financial burden on clinics, and limiting support for research and development. This work aims to establish experimental methods and outcome measures that are more sensitive than traditional methods to balance and mobility changes in prosthesis users. Methods and analysis techniques were developed to probe aspects of balance and mobility control that may be specifically impacted by use of a prosthesis and present challenges similar to those experienced in daily life that could improve the detection of balance and mobility changes. Using the framework of cognitive resource allocation and dual-tasking, this work identified unique characteristics of prosthesis users’ postural control and developed sensitive measures of gait variability. The results also provide broader insight into dual-task analysis and the motor-cognitive response to demanding conditions. Specifically, this work identified altered motor behavior in prosthesis users and high cognitive demand of using a prosthesis. The residual standard deviation method was developed and demonstrated to be more effective than traditional gait variability measures at detecting the impact of dual-tasking. Additionally, spectral analysis of the center of pressure while standing identified altered somatosensory control in prosthesis users. These findings provide a new understanding of prosthetic use and new, highly sensitive techniques to assess balance and mobility in prosthesis users. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biomedical Engineering 2017

abstract: This work presents the integration of user intent detection and control in the development of the fluid-driven, wearable, and continuum, Soft Poly-Limb (SPL). The SPL utilizes the numerous traits of soft robotics to enable a novel approach to provide safe and compliant mobile manipulation assistance to healthy and impaired users. This wearable system equips the user with an additional limb made of soft materials that can be controlled to produce complex three-dimensional motion in space, like its biological counterparts with hydrostatic muscles. Similar to the elephant trunk, the SPL is able to manipulate objects using various end effectors, such as suction adhesion or a soft grasper, and can also wrap its entire length around objects for manipulation. User control of the limb is demonstrated using multiple user intent detection modalities. Further, the performance of the SPL studied by testing its capability to interact safely and closely around a user through a spatial mobility test. Finally, the limb’s ability to assist the user is explored through multitasking scenarios and pick and place tests with varying mounting locations of the arm around the user’s body. The results of these assessments demonstrate the SPL’s ability to safely interact with the user while exhibiting promising performance in assisting the user with a wide variety of tasks, in both work and general living scenarios. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2018

ACL injuries are severe injuries and also the most common diagnosis among alpine skiers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alpine skiers isokinetic strength and the risk of ACL injury. 31 alpine skiers were included in this study, 17 men and 14 women, who had conducted physiological assessments between 1999 and 2007 during their active careers. The participants were sent an online questionnaire in 2018 regarding ACL injuries during their active alpine careers. The risk of injury was then evaluated by comparing injured athletes concentric isokinetic strength, hamstring to quadriceps ratio and limb symmetry index with non-injured athletes. Results showed a significant likelihood of injury for having a lower hamstring to quadriceps ratio in the left limb but not in the right limb. There was no significant likelihood of injury and having a greater limb asymmetry. Because of the small number of participants and few ACL injured there is difficult to draw any conclusions. However, there seems to be a relationship of having a lower H/Q ratio on the left limb and the risk of ACL injury. Further research is recommended.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Peres - resumo.pdf: 11413 bytes, checksum: 4febb8b048c11a9c669b0e5e67711780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) é um instrumento de avaliação da capacidade do membro superior de indivíduos com hemiparesia em atividades bilaterais. Este estudo objetivou traduzir, adaptar transculturamente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do CAHAI. O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural consistiu em oito etapas: tradução do CAHAI do inglês para o português por dois tradutores e mescla das duas traduções (T1 e T2) resultando em uma versão traduzida (T12), que passou por uma revisão de layout, gramática e tipografia. Retrotradução de T12 por dois tradutores independentes, com língua materna inglesa. Avaliação por um comitê de especialistas, envio da versão final para os autores da versão original e aplicação do pré-teste. Para avaliação das propriedades psicométricas da versão CAHAI-Brasil, participaram 24 adultos (56,5±12,3 anos) com hemiparesia de 44,2±32,8 meses pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). A destreza manual (Box and Block Test ), a força de preensão (dinamômetro manual) e a sensibilidade tátil, (Moving Touch Pressure) foram avaliadas para caracterização da amostra. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi utilizado para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores dos itens individuais e da pontuação total. A validade concorrente do CAHAI foi avaliada através da correlação de Pearson com as atividades bilaterais do Test d Évaluation des Membres Supérieurs des Personnes Agées (TEMPA). A validade discriminante entre os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado ou severo (segundo os escores da Escala de Fugl-Meyer) foi avaliada com a ANOVAoneway. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e interobservadores do escore total foi excelente (respectivamente CCI = 0,96 e 0,97). A pontuação do CAHAI apresentou forte correlação com as tarefas bilaterais do TEMPA (r= - 0,86). O CAHAI discrimina os indivíduos com comprometimento motor leve, moderado e grave (p<0.05 para todos). A versão traduzida e adaptada do CAHAI (o Inventário Chedoke de Atividades do Braço e da Mão) apresentou validade concorrente, discriminante e confiabilidade adequadas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition that affects young women and it can contribute to lower limb functionality reduction. However, while some studies demonstrate functional alterations related to this syndrome, others do not find this difference between individuals with and without this condition. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the level of pain and functionality, muscular recruitment, joint position sense and dynamic postural control between young women with and without PFPS. Metodologia: 12 women with PFPS (21.67 ± 2.49 of age) and 12 controls (21.25 ± 2.01) participated in this study. Self-perceived knee functionality was assessed by Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and the level of pain by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Electromyography (EMG) evaluated lateral gastrocnemius, soleus (SO), tibialis anterior, vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus medialis longus, vastus lateralis (VL) and bíceps femoris muscles during stair ascent and descent of different heights (5 e 15cm), the results was analyzed in 3 phases. Joint position sense was assessed by electrogoniometer and dynamic postural control was assessed by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).. Statistic analyzes compared the two groups by student t for independent samples and Mann-Whitney tests. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results: There was difference (p<0,001) between groups in VAS (SDFP: 5,08 ± 1,98, GC: 0 ± 0,0;) and Lysholm Scale (GC: 99,62 ± 1,38, SDFP: 68,33 ± 16,08). Just the phase 1 (p=0,041) and 3 (p=0,035) of soleus muscle showed difference during descent of 5cm step. Phase 2 of VL (p=0,020), 3 of VMO (p=0,005) and VL (p=0,016) also showed difference during ascent of 15 cm step. There was no difference (p>0,05) between groups in joint position sense and SEBT. Conclusion: Women with PFPS report higher pain and lower knee functionality than controls. However, they do not demonstrate altered joint position sense and dynamic postural control, and could need of higher quadriceps recruitment during stair ascent. / Introdução: A Síndrome da Dor Femoropatelar (SDFP) é uma condição que afeta mulheres jovens e pode contribuir para a redução da funcionalidade do membro inferior. Entretanto, enquanto alguns estudos demonstram alterações funcionais relacionadas à SDFP, outros não encontram diferenças entre portadores e não portadores. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar o nível de dor, funcionalidade, o recrutamento muscular, o senso de posição articular e o controle postural dinâmico entre mulheres jovens portadoras e não portadoras da SDFP. Metodologia: 12 mulheres com SDFP (21,67 ± 2,49 anos de idade) e 12 controles (21,25 ± 2,01) participaram do estudo. A autopercepção da funcionalidade do joelho foi acessada pelo questionário de Lysholm e o nível de dor por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Foi realizada a eletromiografia (EMG) dos músculos gastrocnêmico lateral, sóleo (SO), tibial anterior, vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto medial longo, vasto lateral (VL) e bíceps femoral durante a subida e descida de dois degraus de alturas diferentes (5 e 15cm), os resultados foram analisados em 3 fases dinstintas. A avaliação do senso de posição articular foi realizada por meio do eletrogoniômetro e o controle postural dinâmico por meio do Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). A análise estatítisca comparou os dois grupos por meio dos testes t de student para amostras independentes e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± desvio padrão. Resultados: Houve diferença (p<0,001) entre os grupos na EVA (SDFP: 5,08 ± 1,98, GC: 0 ± 0,0;) e no questionário de Lysholm (GC: 99,62 ± 1,38, SDFP: 68,33 ± 16,08). Apenas a fase 1 (p=0,041) e fase 3 (p=0,035) do músculo SO apresentou diferença na decida do degrau de 5cm, e a fase 2 do VL (p=0,020), fase 3 do VMO (p=0,005) e VL (p=0,016) na subida do degrau de 15 cm. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) no senso de posição articular e SEBT. Conclusão: Mulheres com SDFP relatam maior dor e menor funcionalidade na articulação do joelho. Entretanto, as mesmas não possuem senso de posição articular e controle postural dinâmico alterado, mas podem necessitar de maior recrutamento do quadríceps durante a subida de degraus. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

Introdução: Atletas de Powerlifting utilizam habitualmente em sua preparação física o Agachamento (AT) e o Box-Squat (BS). Conhecer as variáveis cinemáticas e eletromiográficas destes exercícios é relevante para sua prescrição. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos agudos da utilização do Agachamento e do Box-Squat, em três diferentes amplitudes de movimento, sobre variáveis de desempenho neuromuscular, em atletas de Powerlifting. Materiais e Métodos: Dez atletas de Powerlifing (31,7±5,05 anos) participaram de duas sessões de avaliação: i) aplicação de questionário, realização de medidas antropométricas e testes de 1RM para Agachamento e Box-Squat nas condições Completo, Paralelo e Parcial; ii) Coleta do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos Reto Femoral; Vasto Lateral; Vasto Medial; Bíceps Femoral; Glúteo Máximo; Gastrocnêmio Lateral e Eretores da Coluna, durante AT e BS com as cargas de 1RM previamente aferidas. Coleta de dados de cinemetria 2D para o cálculo da Potência Absoluta e Relativa. Resultados: A carga de 1RM (252±55 Kg) e o Índice de Força Relativa (2,66±0,43) do BS Parcial foram significativamente maiores que nas outras cinco variações de exercício. Potência Absoluta (613,25±194,80 W) e Relativa (6,48±1,86) foram maiores no AT Parcial quando comparado a BS Completo, AT Completo, AT Paralelo e BS Paralelo. A ativação EMG do Reto Femoral foi maior no BS Completo (95,48±46,82 %CIVM) comparada à AT Parcial e BS Parcial. O Glúteo Máximo foi mais ativado no AT Paralelo (175,36±101,79 %CIVM) comparado ao BS Completo (143,51±79,00 %CIVM). A ativação dos Eretores da Coluna no AT Paralelo (132,27±77,31 %CIVM) foi superior à do AT Parcial (92,09±38,28 %CIVM). Conclusão: As cargas de 1RM foram maiores em excursões articulares reduzidas, com vantagem do BS Parcial. O AT Parcial apresentou maiores valores de Potência Absoluta e Relativa. AT e BS mostraram-se equivalentes do ponto de vista da ativação muscular. / Introduction: Powerlifters commonly use Squats and Box-Squats in their training process. Knowing kinetics and kinematics of these exercises can help trainers when planning a training program. Objective: To compare kinetic and kinematics of full, parallel and partial Squats and Box-Squats performed by Powerlifters. Material and Methods: Ten Powerlifters (31,7±5,05 years) participated in two sessions of data collection: i) Survey about training and injury, Anthropometrical measures, 1RM testing for the full, parallel and partial Squats and Box-Squats; ii) Muscle activity of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, lateral gastrocnemius and erector spinae over the six conditions at 100% of 1RM. Sagital plane video was recorded for power output measures. Results: Significantly higher loads were observed in Partial Box-Squat (252±55 Kg) compared to the other five situations. Overall (613,25±194,80 W) and Relative (6,48±1,86) Power Output were higher at Partial Squat when compared to Parallel and Full Squats and Box-Squats. Muscle activation of rectus femoris was significantly higher in Full Box-Squat (95,48±46,82 %MVC) compared to Partial Squats and Box-Squats. Gluteus maximus activation was higher at the Parallel Squat (175,36±101,79 %MVC) when compared to the Full Box-Squat (143,51±79,00 %MVC). Erector Spinae muscle activation was significantly higher in Parallel Squat (132,27±77,31 %MVC) in comparison to the Partial Squat (92,09±38,28 %MVC). Conclusion: Higher 1RM loads were found in Partial Range of Motion, especially in Box-Squat. Overall and Relative Power Output were higher at Partial Squats. Squats and Box-Squats showed similar muscle activation patterns.

As órteses de membro superior são dispositivos que auxiliam na reabilitação da mão e que tem como objetivo estabilizar, imobilizar, prevenir e corrigir deformidades, melhorando assim a função. O processo tradicional de confecção de órteses é realizado por meio do uso de termoplásticos de baixa temperatura, material moldado diretamente sobre o membro do usuário, sendo neste processo relatados inúmeros problemas, que envolvem desconforto durante o processo, alto custo e baixa adesão do paciente ao uso. O presente trabalho, portanto, teve por objetivo propor a construção de um framework com abordagem metodológica projetual para a produção de órteses de membro superior baseada no processo de design e design colaborativo, com auxílio de recursos de fabricação digital, como digitalização tridimensional e manufatura aditiva (impressão 3D). Através de uma pesquisa exploratória, foram discutidas questões relativas ao projeto de órteses de membro superior (MMSS) pela forma tradicional, utilizando termoplástico de baixa temperatura, e questões do processo de design no desenvolvimento de novos produtos a serem aplicadas do desenvolvimento de órteses utilizando a manufatura aditiva A coleta de dados contou com a participação dos principais personagens envolvidos no processo, usuários de órteses, Terapeutas Ocupacionais e Designers. Com base na técnica de card sorting e entrevistas, foi elaborado um framework da abordagem projetual para a criação de órteses utilizando processos de fabricação digital, de forma colaborativa. O framework ainda foi aplicado no desenvolvimento de uma órtese a fim de avaliar os resultados e melhorias levantadas durante a fase de entrevistas com profissionais e usuários. Ao final do processo, obteve-se uma órtese funcional em que foram atendidos os requisitos necessários para a produção de uma órtese levantada pelo trabalho, além da criação do framework servindo como um guia para o desenvolvimento de órteses utilizando a manufatura aditiva. / Upper limb orthoses are devices that assist in the rehabilitation of the hand and that aim to stabilize, immobilize, prevent and correct deformities, thus improving the function. The traditional process of making orthotics is accomplished through the use of thermoplastics of low temperature, molded material directly on the member of the user, being in this process reported numerous problems, that involve discomfort during the process, high cost and low adhesion of the patient to the use. The present work, therefore, aimed to propose the construction of a framework with a design methodological approach for the production of upper limb orthosis based on the process of design and collaborative design, with the aid of digital manufacturing resources such as three - dimensional digitization and additive manufacturing (3D printing). Through an exploratory research, questions regarding the design of upper limb orthoses (MMSS) in the traditional way, using low-temperature thermoplastic, and design process issues in the development of new products to be applied in the development of orthoses using the additive manufacture The data collection was attended by the main characters involved in the process, users of orthoses, Occupational Therapists, and Designers. Based on the technique of card sorting and interviews, a framework of the design approach for the creation of orthoses using digital manufacturing processes was developed in a collaborative way. The framework was also applied in the development of a bracing in order to collaborate with the results and improvements raised during the interviews phase with professionals and users. At the end of the process, a functional orthosis was obtained, in which the necessary requirements for the production of an orthosis were obtained by the work, besides the creation of a framework serving as a guide for the development of orthoses using the additive manufacture.

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo a geração de diretrizes de projeto para o desenvolvimento de Próteses de Membros Inferiores, que atendesse as necessidades funcionais dos usuários que resulte na simplificação do objeto. Para isso, investigou-se o usuário, percebendo suas necessidades físicas e psicológicas, com conhecimento de leis federais existentes para o auxílio a esse público. Também, foram examinados a anatomia humana e os procedimentos cirúrgicos para a amputação de membros inferiores, a fim de compreender sua influência na concepção de uma prótese. Outro enfoque da pesquisa foi o estudo da biomecânica para reconhecer os movimentos realizados por uma pessoa sadia durante a deambulação, observando-se as etapas da sua marcha em comparação à marcha de indivíduos amputados que utilizavam próteses. Ainda foram analisados distintos tipos de próteses de membros inferiores e a tecnologia empregada em cada uma de suas partes: sistema de encaixe ao coto, joelho protético e sistema pé-tornozelo. Esses estudos originaram dados empregados na aplicação da metodologia do Design for X, para avaliar as próteses atuais em seus aspectos e construção, com o objetivo de gerar diretrizes de projeto para a elaboração de próteses simplificadas. Constatou-se que a aplicação do método originou diretrizes de projeto que poderão ser empregados durante o desenvolvimento de projetos de próteses de membros inferiores, visando à redução de custo do produto. / This research aims to generate design requirements for the development of Lower Limb Prosthetics that meet the functional needs of users, leading to a simplification of the object. For this, we investigated the users regarding their physical and psychological needs, with full knowledge of the existence of federal laws in order to help people. Human anatomy and surgical procedures for lower limb amputation were also examined in order to understand their influence on the design of a prosthesis. Another focus of the research was the study of biomechanics to recognize the movements performed by a healthy person when walking, observing the steps of their march comparing them with the march of amputees who used prosthesis. For the simplified development of prosthesis different types of prosthetic legs have been examined, technology has been employed in each of its parts such as fitting the stump prosthetic knee and the ankle-foot system. These studies yielded useful data used in the application of the methodology of Design for X to assess current prosthetic aspects and construction, to achieve design requirements for the development of simplified prosthesis. It was found that the application of the method originated design requirements that may be employed during the development of lower limb prosthesis projects, aiming to reduce product cost.